docker的基本用法

1. 镜像相关操作

#从dockerhub查找镜像

[root@master1 ~]# docker search centos

#解释说明：

NAME: 镜像仓库源的名称

DESCRIPTION: 镜像的描述

OFFICIAL: 是否 docker 官方发布

STARS: 类似 Github 里面的 SATAR，表示点赞、喜欢的意思。

#下载镜像

[root@master1 ~]# docker pull centos

#查看本地镜像

[root@master1 ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY   TAG       IMAGE ID       CREATED       SIZE
centos       latest    5d0da3dc9764   2 years ago   231MB

#把镜像做成离线压缩包

[root@master1 ~]# docker save  -o cent.tar.gz centos

[root@master1 ~]# ls

anaconda-ks.cfg  cent.tar.gz  original-ks.cfg

#解压离线镜像包

[root@master1 ~]# docker load  -i cent.tar.gz  
Loaded image: centos:latest

#删除镜像

[root@master1 ~]# docker images

REPOSITORY   TAG       IMAGE ID       CREATED       SIZE

centos       latest    5d0da3dc9764   2 years ago   231MB
#删除镜像
[root@master1 ~]# docker rmi -f centos:latest  
Untagged: centos:latest

Untagged: centos@sha256:a27fd8080b517143cbbbab9dfb7c8571c40d67d534bbdee55bd6c473f432b177

Deleted: sha256:5d0da3dc976460b72c77d94c8a1ad043720b0416bfc16c52c45d4847e53fadb6

Deleted: sha256:74ddd0ec08fa43d09f32636ba91a0a3053b02cb4627c35051aff89f853606b59

You have new mail in /var/spool/mail/root

[root@master1 ~]# docker images

REPOSITORY   TAG       IMAGE ID   CREATED   SIZE

2.容器相关操作

#以交互式方式启动并进入容器

[root@master1 ~]# docker run --name=hello -it centos /bin/bash
Unable to find image 'centos:latest' locally
latest: Pulling from library/centos
a1d0c7532777: Pull complete  
Digest: sha256:a27fd8080b517143cbbbab9dfb7c8571c40d67d534bbdee55bd6c473f432b177
Status: Downloaded newer image for centos:latest
[root@97a65bc56535 /]#

ps：检测到当前没有系统没有centos镜像，系统将在线拉取cenos镜像。

输入exit，退出容器，退出之后容器也会停止，不会再前台运行

#docker run运行并创建容器

--name 容器的名字

-i 交互式

-t 分配伪终端

centos: 启动docker需要的镜像

/bin/bash说明你的shell类型为bash，bash shell是最常用的一种shell, 是大多数Linux发行版默认的shell。 此外还有C shell等其它shell。

#以守护进程方式启动容器

[root@master1 ~]# docker run --name=xiaomuzai -td centos
2109b76f1294e808555946ace3c9304e2e455caae84096464615f2e3881584a2
[root@master1 ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND       CREATED          STATUS          PORTS     NAMES
2109b76f1294   centos    "/bin/bash"   20 seconds ago   Up 20 seconds             xiaomuzai

-d在后台运行docker

[root@master1 ~]# docker exec -it xiaomuzai /bin/bash

[root@2109b76f1294 /]#

#查看正在运行的容器

[root@master1 ~]# docker ps

CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND       CREATED          STATUS          PORTS     NAMES

2109b76f1294   centos    "/bin/bash"   20 seconds ago   Up 20 seconds             xiaomuzai

[root@master1 ~]# docker ps -a  #查看所有容器，包括运行和退出的容器

[root@master1 ~]# docker ps -a

CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND       CREATED          STATUS                        PORTS     NAMES

2109b76f1294   centos    "/bin/bash"   3 minutes ago    Up 3 minutes                            xiaomuzai

708c5da41ae3   centos    "/bin/bash"   14 minutes ago   Exited (127) 14 minutes ago             hello2

901bf27c3468   centos    "/bin/bash"   15 minutes ago   Exited (0) 2 minutes ago                nihao

97a65bc56535   centos    "/bin/bash"   21 minutes ago   Exited (0) 18 minutes ago               hello

# 停止容器

[root@master1 ~]# docker stop xiaomuzai

#启动已经停止的容器

[root@master1 ~]# docker start xiaomuzai

# 进入容器

[root@master1 ~]# docker exec -it xiaomuzai  /bin/sh

sh-4.4#

#删除容器

[root@master1 ~]# docker rm -f hello2

#查看docker帮助命令

[root@master1 ~]# docker --help