最终效果

<!doctype html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
  <meta charset="UTF-8">
  <title>倒计时自动获取验证码</title>
</head>
<body>
  验证码:<input id="show" type="text"/>
  <input id="get_pass" type="button" value="获取验证码"/>
  <!-- <span id="spanMa">等待显示</span><br/> -->
</body>
<script type="text/javascript">
window.onload=function(){
  $("#get_pass").onclick=function(){
    var num=10;
    var timer=setInterval(function(){
      $("#get_pass").value=num+"秒";
      num=num-1;
      if(num<=0){
        num=10;
        showMa();
        clearInterval(timer);
        $("#get_pass").value="获取验证码";
      }
    },1000);
    $("#show").value="";
  }
  }
function showMa(){
  var str="";
  for(var i=0;i<6;i++){
    str+=parseInt(Math.random()*10);
  }
  // $("#spanMa").innerHTML=str;
  $("#show").value=str;
} 
function $(str){//#box .cls  p
  if(str.charAt(0)=="#"){
    return document.getElementById(str.substring(1));
  }else if(str.charAt(0)=="."){
    return document.getElementsByClassName(str.substring(1));
  }else{
    return document.getElementsByTagName(str);
  }
} 
</script>