消息队列中间件是分布式系统中重要的组件,主要解决应用耦合,异步消息,流量削锋等问题。实现高性能,高可用,可伸缩和最终一致性架构;是大型分布式系统不可缺少的中间件。目前使用较多的消息队列有ActiveMQ、RabbitMQ、Kafka、RocketMQ、MetaMQ等。springboot提供了对JMS系统的支持;springboot很方便就可以集成这些消息中间件。
对于异步消息在实际的应用之中会有两类:
JMS:代表作就是 ActiveMQ,但是其性能不高,因为其是用 java 程序实现的。
AMQP:直接利用协议实现的消息组件,其大众代表作为RabbitMQ,高性能代表作为Kafka。
1、新建项目,对应的pom.xml文件如下
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
 xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
   <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
   <groupId>spring-cloud</groupId>
   <artifactId>sc-activeMQ</artifactId>
   <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
   <packaging>jar</packaging>
   <name>sc-activeMQ</name>
   <url>http://maven.apache.org</url>
   <parent>
      <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
      <version>2.0.4.RELEASE</version>
   </parent>
   <dependencyManagement>
      <dependencies>
        <dependency>
           <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
           <artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
           <version>Finchley.RELEASE</version>
           <type>pom</type>
           <scope>import</scope>
        </dependency>
      </dependencies>
   </dependencyManagement>
   <properties>
      <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
      <maven.compiler.source>1.8</maven.compiler.source>
      <maven.compiler.target>1.8</maven.compiler.target>
   </properties>
   <dependencies>
      <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-activemq</artifactId>
      </dependency>
      <dependency>
        <groupId>org.apache.activemq</groupId>
        <artifactId>activemq-core</artifactId>
        <version>5.7.0</version>
      </dependency>
      <dependency>
        <groupId>org.apache.activemq</groupId>
        <artifactId>activemq-pool</artifactId>
      </dependency>
      <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
      </dependency>
      <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
        <scope>test</scope>
      </dependency>
   </dependencies>
</project>2、新建springboot启动类ActiveMqApplication.java
package sc.activemq;
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
@SpringBootApplication
publi cclass ActiveMqApplication {
   public static void main(String[] args){
      SpringApplication.run(ActiveMqApplication.class, args);
   }
}3、新建配置文件application.yml
server:
  port: 9080
spring:
  appliction:
   name: sc-activemq
  activemq:
    broker-url:tcp://localhost:61616
    in-memory: true 
    user: admin
    password: admin
    pool:
      enabled: true
      max-connections: 50
      expiry-timeout:10000
      idle-timeout: 30000
  jms:
    pub-sub-domain: false #默认情况下activemq提供的是queue模式,若要使用topic模式需要配置pub-sub-domain为true
说明:默认情况下activemq提供的是queue模式,若要使用topic模式需要配置spring.jms.pub-sub-domain为true
4、新建消费生产者
package sc.activemq.service.impl;
import javax.jms.Destination;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.jms.core.JmsMessagingTemplate;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
import sc.activemq.service.ProductService;
@Service
publicclass ProductServiceImpl implements ProductService {
    @Autowired
    private JmsMessagingTemplate jmsMessagingTemplate;
    @Override
    public void sendMessage(Destinationdestination, String message) {
       jmsMessagingTemplate.convertAndSend(destination,message);
    }
}5、新建消息消费者
队列模式:
package sc.activemq.service.consumer;
import org.springframework.jms.annotation.JmsListener;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
@Component
publicclass ConsumerQueue{
   // 使用JmsListener配置消费者监听的队列,其中text是接收到的消息
   @JmsListener(destination = "jms-queue")
   public void receiveQueue(String text) {
      System.out.println("ConsumerQueue收到:" + text);
   }
}订阅模式:
package sc.activemq.service.consumer;
import org.springframework.jms.annotation.JmsListener;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
@Component
publicclass ConsumerTopic{
   // 使用JmsListener配置消费者监听的队列,其中text是接收到的消息
   @JmsListener(destination = "jms-topic")
   public void receiveQueue(String text) {
      System.out.println("ConsumerTopic收到:" + text);
   }
}6、新建测试类
package sc.activemq;
import org.apache.activemq.command.ActiveMQQueue;
import org.apache.activemq.command.ActiveMQTopic;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest;
import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringRunner;
import sc.activemq.service.ProductService;
@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
@SpringBootTest
publicclass ActiveMqTest {
   @Autowired
   private ActiveMQQueue queue;
   @Autowired
   private ActiveMQTopic topic;
   @Autowired
   private ProductService productService;
   @Test
   public void testJms() {
      String msgQueue = "send 黄金 ";
      for(inti=0; i<5; i++){
        productService.sendMessage(this.queue, msgQueue+i);
      }
      String msgTopic = "send 白银 ";
      for(inti=0; i<5; i++){
        productService.sendMessage(this.topic, msgTopic+i);
      }
      try {
        Thread.sleep(10000);
      } catch(InterruptedException e) {
      }
   }
}7、进行测试
先登录ActiveMq管理平台:http://localhost:8161/
队列模式:
(1)配置spring.jms.pub-sub-domain为false

(2)注释测试类的如下代码

(3)运行测试类

订阅模式:
(1) 配置spring.jms.pub-sub-domain为true

(2) 注释测试类的如下代码

(3) 运行测试类











