css_background综合属性(shorthand)+示例

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2022-01-14

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css_background综合属性(shorthand)

reference

  • CSS Backgrounds and Borders Module Level 3 (w3.org)
    • 提供语法和许多实例

简单示例

  •   /* 使用 <background-color> */
  background: green;
  
  /* 使用 <bg-image> 和 <repeat-style> */
  background: url("test.jpg") repeat-y;
  
  /* 使用 <box> 和 <background-color> */
  background: border-box red;
  
  /* 将背景设为一张居中放大的图片 */
  background: no-repeat center/80% url("../img/image.png");
    • background 属性被指定多个背景层时，使用逗号分隔每个背景层。

每一层的取值规则如下：

  • Constituent properties

    This property is a shorthand for the following CSS properties:

    • background-attachment
    • background-clip
    • background-color
    • background-image
    • background-origin
    • background-position
    • background-repeat
    • background-size

The syntax of each layer is as follows:

  • Each layer may include zero or one occurrences of any of the following values:

    • <attachment>

    • <bg-image>

    • <position>

    • <bg-size>

    • <repeat-style>

    • <box>

  • The <bg-size> value may only be included immediately after <position>, separated with the ‘/’ character, like this: “center/80%”.

  • The <box> value may be included zero, one, or two times.

    • If included once, it sets both background-origin and background-clip.
    • If it is included twice, the first occurrence sets background-origin, and the second sets background-clip.

  • The <background-color> value may only be included in the last layer specified.

values:所有数据类型

  • Values

    • <attachment>

      See background-attachment

    • <box>

      See background-clip and background-origin

    • <background-color>

      See background-color

    • <bg-image>

      See background-image

    • <position>

      See background-position

    • <repeat-style>

      See background-repeat

    • <bg-size>

      See background-size.

注意: background-color 只能在background的最后一个属性上定义，因为整个元素只有一种背景颜色。

取值规则的抽象形式以及具体的形式化描述:formal syntax

标准语法

  • [ <bg-layer> , ]* <final-bg-layer>(逗号分割层与层)

examples from W3

eg1:

  • In the first rule of the following example, only a value for background-color has been given and the other individual properties are set to their initial values. In the second rule, many individual properties have been specified.
body { background: red }
p { background: url("chess.png") 40% / 10em gray
       round fixed border-box; }

The first rule is equivalent to:

body {
    background-color: red;
    background-position: 0% 0%;
    background-size: auto;
    background-repeat: repeat;
    background-clip: border-box;
    background-origin: padding-box;
    background-attachment: scroll;
    background-image: none }
  • The second is equivalent to:
p {
    background-color: gray;
    background-position: 40% 50%;
    background-size: 10em auto;
    background-repeat: round;
    background-clip: border-box;
    background-origin: border-box;
    background-attachment: fixed;
    background-image: url(chess.png) }

eg2:

  • The following example shows how a both a background color (#CCC) and a background image (url(metal.jpg)) are set. The image is rescaled to the full width of the element:
E { background: #CCC url("metal.jpg") top left / 100% auto no-repeat}
  • Another example shows equivalence:
div { background: padding-box url(paper.jpg) white center }
div {
    background-color: white;
    background-image: url(paper.jpg);
    background-repeat: repeat;
    background-attachment: scroll;
    background-position: center;
    background-clip: padding-box;
    background-origin: padding-box;
    background-size: auto auto }

eg3:

  • The following declaration with multiple, comma-separated values
background: url(a.png) top left no-repeat,
            url(b.png) center / 100% 100% no-repeat,
            url(c.png) white;
  • is equivalent to
background-image:      url(a.png),  url(b.png),          url(c.png);
background-position:   top left,    center,              top left;
background-repeat:     no-repeat,   no-repeat,           repeat;
background-clip:       border-box,  border-box,          border-box;
background-origin:     padding-box, padding-box,         padding-box;
background-size:       auto auto,   100% 100%,           auto auto;
background-attachment: scroll,      scroll,              scroll;
background-color:      white;

background&linear-gradient综合示例(图)

preview

  • 图三重复后可得到图4(背景被我修改为紫色)
  • image-20220114002233521
css general:
html {
    width: 100%;
    height: 100%;
    /* margin: 2px; */
    /* border: solid 13px red; */
    /* padding: 10px; */
    /* border: dashed 5px hotpink; */
}

body {
    width: 100%;
    height: 100%;
    /* margin: 20px; */
    /* border: solid 13px greenyellow; */
    /* padding: 10px; */
}

.playground {
    width: 100%;
    height: 100%;
    padding: 5%;
    border: dotted 2px orange;
}

.box,
div {
    border: dotted 2px;
    width: 48%;
    height: 50%;
    /* color: aquamarine; */

    padding: 2px;
    margin: 2px;
}

.font-size-x-large,
section>div {
    font-size: x-large;
    color: greenyellow;
    /* color: blue; */
}

.black,
section>div>div {
    color: black;
}

.flex-shrink,
section>div>div {
    flex-shrink: 1;
    /* color: aqua; */
}

.width_20per,
div {
    width: 20%;
    height: 20%;
}

.font-size-small,
section>div>div {
    /* font-size: .8rem; */
    font-size: small;
}

.width_200px,
div {
    width: 200px;
    height: 40%;
}

.flex {
    display: flex;
}

.inline-flex {
    display: inline-flex;
}

.flex-wrap {
    display: flex;
    flex-flow: row wrap;
}



.no_background {
    background: initial;
}

.divider_10,
div>div {
    width: 100%;
    height: 10%;
    padding: 0;
    margin: 0;
    border: dotted 1px red;
}

.flex-grow,
.playground>div {
    flex-grow: 1;
    flex: 1 none;
}

.align-items-start {
    align-items: flex-start;
}

.flex-wrap-column {
    flex-direction: column;
    /* flex-flow: column; */
}

.width_20per {
    width: 20%;
    height: 20%;
}
css background shorthand
/* html, body {
    width: 100%;
    height: 100%;
    border: groove 1px hotpink;
} */

/* div, .box {
    border: groove 2px;
    width: 50%;
    height: 50%;
} */

.diamond {

    background-image:
        linear-gradient(225deg, #f76d45 25%, transparent 25%),
        linear-gradient(45deg, #f76d45 25%, transparent 25%),
        linear-gradient(135deg, #f76d45 25%, transparent 25%),
        linear-gradient(315deg, #f76d45 25%, #ede0de 25%)
        /*  */
    ;
    /* background-color: #e91cce; */
    background-position: 23px 0, 23px 0, 0 0, 0 0;
    background-size: 23px 23px;
}

.shorthand {
    background-color: #ede0de;
    /* opacity: 0.8; */
    background:
        linear-gradient(225deg, hotpink 25%, transparent 25%) 23px 0/ 23px 23px,
        linear-gradient(45deg, hotpink 25%, transparent 25%) 23px 0/ 23px 23px,
        /* linear-gradient(45deg, hotpink 0% 25%,transparent 25%) */
        /* linear-gradient(135deg, #f76d45 25%, transparent 25%)23px 0/ 23px 23px,
        linear-gradient(315deg, #f76d45 25%, #ede0de 25%) 23px 0 /23px 23px */
        linear-gradient(135deg, #f76d45 25%, transparent 25%) 0px 0/ 23px 23px,
        linear-gradient(315deg, #f76d45 25%, #ede0de 25%) 0px 0 /23px 23px
        /* sperate semicolon */
    ;
    /* background-repeat: no-repeat; */
}

.shorthand-prototype {
    background-color: #ede0de;
    /* opacity: 0.8; */
    background:
        linear-gradient(225deg, hotpink 25%, transparent 25%) 23px 0/ 23px 23px,
        linear-gradient(45deg, rgb(105, 120, 255) 25%, transparent 25%) 23px 0/ 23px 23px,
        /* linear-gradient(45deg, hotpink 0% 25%,transparent 25%) */
        /* linear-gradient(135deg, #f76d45 25%, transparent 25%)23px 0/ 23px 23px,
        linear-gradient(315deg, #f76d45 25%, #ede0de 25%) 23px 0 /23px 23px */
        linear-gradient(135deg, hsla(106, 70%, 30%, 0.527) 25%, transparent 25%) 0px 0/ 23px 23px,
        linear-gradient(315deg, #180a06 25%, transparent 25%) 0px 0 /23px 23px
        /* bg-color */
        aqua
        /* sperate semicolon */
    ;
    /*颜色放在最后一层方可生效 */
    background-repeat: no-repeat;
    /* background-color: #be14b633; */
}

.shorthand-res {
    background-color: #ede0de;
    /* opacity: 0.8; */
    background:
        linear-gradient(225deg, hotpink 25%, transparent 25%) 23px 0/ 23px 23px,
        linear-gradient(45deg, rgb(105, 120, 255) 25%, transparent 25%) 23px 0/ 23px 23px,
        /* linear-gradient(45deg, hotpink 0% 25%,transparent 25%) */
        /* linear-gradient(135deg, #f76d45 25%, transparent 25%)23px 0/ 23px 23px,
        linear-gradient(315deg, #f76d45 25%, #ede0de 25%) 23px 0 /23px 23px */
        linear-gradient(135deg, hsla(106, 70%, 30%, 0.527) 25%, transparent 25%) 0px 0/ 23px 23px,
        linear-gradient(315deg, #180a06 25%, transparent 25%) 0px 0 /23px 23px
        /* bg-color */
        aqua
        /* sperate semicolon */
    ;
    /*颜色放在最后一层方可生效 */
    /* background-repeat: no-repeat; */
    background-color: #be14b633;
}
html
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">

<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <meta
        http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible"
        content="IE=edge"
    >
    <meta
        name="viewport"
        content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0"
    >
    <title>Document</title>
    <link
        rel="stylesheet"
        href="styles/general_box.css"
    >
    <link
        rel="stylesheet"
        href="styles/diamond_background.css"
    >
</head>

<body>
    <!-- <div class="box">
    </div> -->
    <section class="playground flex-wrap">

        <div class="diamond">test</div>
        <div class="shorthand">test shorthand version!😎</div>
        <div class="shorthand-prototype"></div>
        <div class="shorthand-res"></div>
    </section>
</body>

</html>

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