pragma.go 文件
文件位于: https://github.com/protocolbuffers/protobuf-go/blob/master/internal/pragma/pragma.go
该文件核心思想: 利用 Golang 语法机制,扩展 Golang 语言特性
目前,该文件提供以下 4 个功能:
| 功能 | 说明 | 
|---|---|
| NoUnkeyedLiterals | 禁止非 {Key: Value} 方式,初始化结构体 | 
| DoNotImplement | 禁止第三方扩展实现其接口 | 
| DoNotCompare | 禁止结构体做比较运算 | 
| DoNotCopy | 禁止结构体值拷贝 | 
下面依次说明实现原理
NoUnkeyedLiterals
定义如下:
// NoUnkeyedLiterals can be embedded in a struct to prevent unkeyed literals.
type NoUnkeyedLiterals struct{}
使用例子如下(原理见注释):
package main
import (
    "fmt"
    "unsafe"
)
type NoUnkeyedLiterals struct{}
type A1 struct {
    _  NoUnkeyedLiterals // 不影响 A1 结构体大小
    F1 int
    F2 string
}
type A2 struct {
    F1 int
    F2 string
}
func TestNoUnkeyedLiterals() {
    _ = A1{F1: 1, F2: "2"}
    _ = A2{1, "2"}                                          // 如果 A2 增加字段,可能会导致这里的初始化列表错误,而不知
    _ = A1{1, "2"}                                          // error: too few values in struct literal of type A1compilerInvalidStructLit
    fmt.Println(unsafe.Sizeof(A1{}) == unsafe.Sizeof(A2{})) // true
}
func main() {
    TestNoUnkeyedLiterals()
}
DoNotImplement
定义如下:
// DoNotImplement can be embedded in an interface to prevent trivial
// implementations of the interface.
//
// This is useful to prevent unauthorized implementations of an interface
// so that it can be extended in the future for any protobuf language changes.
type DoNotImplement interface{ ProtoInternal(DoNotImplement) }
这个接口定义要结合internal目录,达成DoNotImplement接口对外部包不可见
比如protobuf-go中的FileImports接口,除了protobuf-go自己,其他第 3 方是没办法实现FileImports接口的
看下面代码:
import "google.golang.org/protobuf/internal/pragma"
type doNotImplement pragma.DoNotImplement
// FileImports is a list of file imports.
type FileImports interface {
    // Len reports the number of files imported by this proto file.
    Len() int
    // Get returns the ith FileImport. It panics if out of bounds.
    Get(i int) FileImport
    doNotImplement
}
因为DoNotImplement 定义在internal目录下,对第 3 方不可见
FileImports又需要实现ProtoInternal(DoNotImplement)方法
因为第 3 方没有办法实现ProtoInternal(DoNotImplement),进而阻止了FileImports接口的第 3 方扩展实现
DoNotCompare
定义如下:
// DoNotCompare can be embedded in a struct to prevent comparability.
type DoNotCompare [0]func()
- 用法和NoUnkeyedLiterals一样,内嵌到结构体内
- 同样不占空间,不影响结构体大小(因为定义的是 0 长度数组)
- 因为 func 类型不能比较大小,因此被内嵌的结构体也无法比较大小
例子略
DoNotCopy
定义如下:
// DoNotCopy can be embedded in a struct to help prevent shallow copies.
// This does not rely on a Go language feature, but rather a special case
// within the vet checker.
//
// See https://golang.org/issues/8005.
type DoNotCopy [0]sync.Mutex
例子如下:
package main
import (
	"fmt"
	"sync"
	"unsafe"
)
type DoNotCopy [0]sync.Mutex
type A1 struct {
	_  DoNotCopy // 不影响 A1 结构体大小
	F1 int
	F2 string
}
type A2 struct {
	F1 int
	F2 string
}
func TestDoNotCopy(a A1) {  // line 22
	fmt.Println(unsafe.Sizeof(A1{}) == unsafe.Sizeof(A2{})) // true
}
var a = A1{}
func main() {
	TestDoNotCopy(a)  // line 29
}
执行go vet,会有提示:
./main.go:22:22: TestDoNotCopy passes lock by value: pragma.A1 contains sync.Mutex
./main.go:29:16: call of TestDoNotCopy copies lock value: pragma.A1 contains sync.Mutex









