目录
- 概述:
 
- spring 使用bean步骤:
 
- 一、配置形式:
 - 二、配置bean的方式:
 
- 全类名举例:
 - 工厂方法(静态工厂和实例工厂方法)
 - FactoryBean
 
- 三、依赖注入的方式
 
- 1.属性注入xml配置举例
 - 2.构造器注入xml配置举例
 - 3.属性注入和构造器注入在代码中的使用
 
- 四、ioc容器:
 
- 1.ApplicationContext:
 
- 五、配置bean的各种情况
 
- 1.如果参数或属性有特殊字符:使用
 - 2.如果参数或属性涉及到类的引用:
 - 3.赋值为null的情况
 - 4.更改级联属性
 - 5.如果参数或属性涉及到List
 - 6.如果参数或属性涉及到Map
 - 7.如果参数或属性涉及到properties
 - 8.配置单例的集合bean,以供多个bean进行引用
 - 9.标签的使用
 - 10.bean的作用域
 - 11.bean之间的关系
 - 12.外部文件
 - 13.spel
 
- 六、自动装配(不常用)
 
- 1.什么是自动装配?
 - 2.自动装配的常用形式
 
- 七、生命周期
 
概述:
spring 使用bean步骤:
步骤一、创建IOC容器(配置bean就发生在这里)
步骤二:从IOC容器获取bean:获取bean可以常用的两种方式:①利用id定位到IOC容器中的bean ②,利用运行时类 (利用类型返回IOC容器中的bean,要求容器中必须只能有一个该类型的bean)
①利用id定位到IOC容器中的bean
1 HelloWorld helloWorld2 = (HelloWorld) applicationContext.getBean("helloWorld2");// 利用id定位到IOC容器中的bean②利用运行时类
1 HelloWorld helloWorld3 = applicationContext.getBean(HelloWorld.class)步骤三:调用具体的方法;
一、配置形式:
- 基于xml形式(本篇):有配置文件,并且配置文件时xml形式;
 - 基于注解的方式
 
二、配置bean的方式:
- 通过全类名(反射)(本篇)
 - 通过工厂方法(静态工厂和实例工厂方法)
 - FactoryBean
 
全类名举例:
<bean id="helloWorld2" class="com.lixm.configure.HelloWorld">
        <property name="name" value="Spring"></property>  <!-- name 为属性名 此处属性名为name value为属性的值  此处设置属性name的值为Spring  即属性注入-->
    </bean>com.lixm.configure.HelloWorld即为全类名
注意:该方式为通过反射来实现的,所以com.lixm.configure.HelloWorld必须提供空参构造器工厂方法(静态工厂和实例工厂方法)
- 静态方法:直接调用某一个类的静态方法就可以返回bean的实例
 
1 public class StaticCarFactory {
 2 
 3     private static Map<String, Car> cars = new HashMap<>();
 4 
 5     static {
 6         cars.put("audi", new Car("audi", 3000000, 80));
 7         cars.put("ford", new Car("audi", 4000000, 82));
 8     }
 9 
10 //静态工厂方法
11     public static Car getCar(String name) {
12         return cars.get(name);
13     }
14 
15 }- 实例工厂方法:创建工厂本身,再返回bean的实例
 
1 public class InstanceCarFactory {
 2 
 3     private static Map<String, Car> cars = null;
 4 
 5     public InstanceCarFactory() {
 6         cars = new HashMap<>();
 7         cars.put("audi", new Car("audi", 3000000, 80));
 8         cars.put("ford", new Car("ford", 4000000, 82));
 9     }
10 
11     public Car getCar(String brand) {
12         return cars.get(brand);
13     }
14 
15 }
- bean的配置
 
1 <?xml versinotallow="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
 2 <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
 3     xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
 4     xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"
 5     xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">
 6     <!-- 通过静态工厂方法来配置bean。注意不是配置静态工厂方法实例,而是配置bean实例 -->
 7     <!-- 
 8         factory-method:指向工厂方法的名字
 9         constructor-arg:若果工厂方法需要传入参数,则使用constructor-arg来配置参数
10      -->
11     <bean id="car1" class="com.lixm.factory.StaticCarFactory" factory-method="getCar">
12         <constructor-arg value="audi" index="0"></constructor-arg>
13     </bean>
14     <!-- 配置实例工厂方法 -->
15     
16     <!-- 
17         factory-bean:指向实例工厂方法的bean
18         factory-method:指向工厂方法的名字
19         constructor-arg:若果工厂方法需要传入参数,则使用constructor-arg来配置参数
20      -->
21     <bean id="instanceCarFactory" class="com.lixm.factory.InstanceCarFactory" >
22         
23     </bean>
24     <bean id="car2" factory-bean="instanceCarFactory" factory-method="getCar">
25         <constructor-arg value="ford" index="0"></constructor-arg>
26     </bean>
27 
28 </beans>- 分别调用工厂方法和实例方法配置的bean的toString方法;
 
1 public static void main(String[] args) {
2         ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("bean-factory.xml");
3 
4         Car car1 = (Car) context.getBean("car1");
5         System.out.println(car1);
6         Car car2 = (Car) context.getBean("car2");
7         System.out.println(car2);
8         ((ConfigurableApplicationContext) context).close();
9     }运行结果为:
Car [brand=audi, price=3000000.0, tyrePerimeter=80.0]
Car [brand=ford, price=4000000.0, tyrePerimeter=82.0
FactoryBean
自定义的FactoryBean 需要实现FactoryBean
1 public static void main(String[] args) {
2         ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("bean-factorybean.xml");
3 
4         Car car1 = (Car) context.getBean("car");
5         System.out.println(car1);
6 
7         ((ConfigurableApplicationContext) context).close();
8     }1 public class CarFactoryBean implements FactoryBean<Car> {
 2 
 3     private String brand;
 4 
 5     public String getBrand() {
 6         return brand;
 7     }
 8 
 9     public void setBrand(String brand) {
10         this.brand = brand;
11     }
12 
13     // 返回bean 的对象
14     @Override
15     public Car getObject() throws Exception {
16         // TODO Auto-generated method stub
17         return new Car("bmw", 5000000, 80);
18     }
19 
20     // 返回bean的类型
21     @Override
22     public Class<?> getObjectType() {
23         // TODO Auto-generated method stub
24         return Car.class;
25     }
26 
27 }1 <?xml versinotallow="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
 2 <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
 3     xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
 4     xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"
 5     xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">
 6     <!-- 通过FactroyBean 来配置bean的shi'l -->
 7     <!-- 
 8         class:指向FactoryBean的全类名
 9         property :配置FactoryBean的属性
10         但是实际返回的却是 FactoryBean的getObject() 返回的实例
11      -->
12     <bean id="car" class="com.lixm.factorybean.CarFactoryBean" p:brand="benz">
13     </bean>
14     
15 </beans>运行结果为:
Car [brand=bmw, price=5000000.0, tyrePerimeter=80.0]
返回的结果为getObject中的配置的值;
三、依赖注入的方式
- 属性注入
 - 构造器注入
 
附上com.lixm.configure.HelloWorld类
1 package com.lixm.configure;
 2 
 3 public class HelloWorld {
 4 
 5     private String name;
 6     private int age;
 7 
 8     public String getName() {
 9         return name;
10     }
11 
12     public void setName(String name) {
13         this.name = name;
14     }
15 
16     public void hello() {
17         System.out.println("hello " + name);
18     }
19 
20     public int getAge() {
21         return age;
22     }
23 
24     public void setAge(int age) {
25         this.age = age;
26     }
27 
28     public HelloWorld() {
29         super();
30     }
31 
32     public HelloWorld(String name, int age) {
33         super();
34         this.name = name;
35         this.age = age;
36     }
37 
38     @Override
39     public String toString() {
40         return "HelloWorld [name=" + name + ", age=" + age + "]";
41     }
42 
43 }1.属性注入xml配置举例
使用property name为属性名称,value为属性值;
1 <bean id="helloWorld2" class="com.lixm.configure.HelloWorld">
2         <property name="name" value="Spring"></property>  <!-- name 为属性名 此处属性名为name value为属性的值  此处设置属性name的值为Spring  即属性注入-->
3     </bean>2.构造器注入xml配置举例
使用constructor-arg 标签 配置 参数值,使用index设置参数位置;使用type 限定属性类型。有的时候只通过参数位置很难确定具体的构造器,因为构造器重载就是根据参数列表(数量、类型),所以还需要参数类型;
<!-- 通过构造器方法来配置bean 属性可以指定参数的类型和位置  !  以区分重载的构造器 -->
    <bean id="helloWorld3" class="com.lixm.configure.HelloWorld">
        <constructor-arg value="lixm" index="0"></constructor-arg>
        <constructor-arg value="30" type="int"></constructor-arg>
    </bean>
        <!-- 通过构造器方法来配置bean -->
    <bean id="helloWorld4" class="com.lixm.configure.HelloWorld">
        <constructor-arg value="qianzd" index="0"></constructor-arg>
        <constructor-arg value="1" index="1"></constructor-arg>
    </bean>属性也可以使用value子节点注入1 <bean id="helloWorld5" class="com.lixm.configure.HelloWorld">
2         <!-- 如果有特殊字符 的情况可以使用<![CDATA[]]> -->
3         <!-- 属性可以使用value子节点注入-->
4         <constructor-arg  index="0">
5             <value> <![CDATA[<qianzd>]]></value>
6         </constructor-arg>
7         <constructor-arg value="1" index="1"></constructor-arg>
8     </bean>
3.属性注入和构造器注入在代码中的使用
1 public class Main {
 2     public static void main(String[] args) {
 3 
 4         // 采用spring 方式
 5         // 1.创建spring的IOC容器对象
 6         ApplicationContext applicationContext = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml");
 7         // 2.从IOC容器中获取bean实例
 8         HelloWorld helloWorld2 = (HelloWorld) applicationContext.getBean("helloWorld2");// 利用id定位到IOC容器中的bean
 9         // 3.调用hello方法
10         System.out.println(helloWorld2.toString());
11 
12         HelloWorld helloWorld3 = (HelloWorld) applicationContext.getBean("helloWorld3");// 利用id定位到IOC容器中的bean
13         System.out.println(helloWorld3.toString());
14         HelloWorld helloWorld4 = (HelloWorld) applicationContext.getBean("helloWorld4");// 利用id定位到IOC容器中的bean
15         System.out.println(helloWorld4.toString());
16         ((ConfigurableApplicationContext) applicationContext).close();
17     }
18 
19 }属性注入和构造器注入配置的bean的两种方式的xml文件
1 <?xml versinotallow="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
 2 <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
 3     xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
 4     xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-4.3.xsd">
 5     
 6     <!-- id 用来标识class -->
 7     
 8     <!-- 配置bean 
 9     class:bean的全类名,通过反射的方式在IOC容器中创建bean,所以要求bean中必须有无参数的构造器
10     id:标识容器中的bean,id唯一;
11      -->
12     <bean id="helloWorld2" class="com.lixm.configure.HelloWorld">
13         <property name="name" value="Spring"></property>  <!-- name 为属性名 此处属性名为name value为属性的值  此处设置属性name的值为Spring  即属性注入-->
14     </bean>
15     
16     
17     <!-- 通过构造器方法来配置bean 属性可以指定参数的类型和位置  !  以区分重载的构造器 -->
18     <bean id="helloWorld3" class="com.lixm.configure.HelloWorld">
19         <constructor-arg value="lixm" index="0"></constructor-arg>
20         <constructor-arg value="30" type="int"></constructor-arg>
21     </bean>
22         <!-- 通过构造器方法来配置bean -->
23     <bean id="helloWorld4" class="com.lixm.configure.HelloWorld">
24         <constructor-arg value="qianzd" index="0"></constructor-arg>
25         <constructor-arg value="1" index="1"></constructor-arg>
26     </bean>
27     
28 </beans>运行结果:
HelloWorld [name=Spring, age=0]
HelloWorld [name=lixm, age=30]
HelloWorld [name=qianzd, age=1]
四、ioc容器:
ioc容器的作用就是管理这些个时而被需要,时而被抛弃的bean;
常用的ioc容器有:
- ApplicationContext(一般使用这个)(本篇)
 - BeanFactory
 
1.ApplicationContext:
主要实现类是:ClassPathXmlApplicationContext(从类路径下加载配置文件)、FileSystemXmlApplicationContext:从文件系统加载配置文件 和WebApplicationContext(专门为WEB应用而准备的,它允许从相对于web根目录的路径中完成初始化工作)
五、配置bean的各种情况
1.如果参数或属性有特殊字符:使用<![CDATA[]]>
1 public class Main {
 2     public static void main(String[] args) {
 3 
 4         // 采用spring 方式
 5         // 1.创建spring的IOC容器对象
 6         ApplicationContext applicationContext = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml");
 7         // 2.从IOC容器中获取bean实例
 8         HelloWorld helloWorld5 = (HelloWorld) applicationContext.getBean("helloWorld5");// 利用id定位到IOC容器中的bean
 9         System.out.println(helloWorld5.toString());
10         ((ConfigurableApplicationContext) applicationContext).close();
11     }
12 
13 }1 <?xml versinotallow="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
 2 <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
 3     xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
 4     xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-4.3.xsd">
 5     
 6     <!-- 通过构造器方法来配置bean 属性可以指定参数的类型和位置  !  以区分重载的构造器 -->
 7     <bean id="helloWorld5" class="com.lixm.configure.HelloWorld">
 8         <!-- 如果有特殊字符 的情况可以使用<![CDATA[]]> -->
 9         <!-- 属性可以使用value子节点注入-->
10         <constructor-arg  index="0">
11             <value> <![CDATA[<qianzd>]]></value>
12         </constructor-arg>
13         <constructor-arg value="1" index="1"></constructor-arg>
14     </bean>
15     
16 </beans>运行结果为:
HelloWorld [name= <qianzd>, age=1]
2.如果参数或属性涉及到类的引用:
①可以使用property的 ref 建立bean直接的引用关系;
②可以使用内部类的方式,内部bean只能在内部使用,不能被外部引用Person类:
1 package com.lixm.configure;
 2 
 3 public class Person {
 4     private String name;
 5     private String sex;
 6 
 7     public String getName() {
 8         return name;
 9     }
10 
11     public void setName(String name) {
12         this.name = name;
13     }
14 
15     public String getSex() {
16         return sex;
17     }
18 
19     public void setSex(String sex) {
20         this.sex = sex;
21     }
22 
23     @Override
24     public String toString() {
25         return "Person [name=" + name + ", sex=" + sex + "]";
26     }
27 
28 }Helloworld做出调整:
1 package com.lixm.configure;
 2 
 3 public class HelloWorld {
 4 
 5     private String name;
 6     private int age;
 7     private Person person;
 8 
 9     public String getName() {
10         return name;
11     }
12 
13     public void setName(String name) {
14         this.name = name;
15     }
16 
17     public void hello() {
18         System.out.println("hello " + name);
19     }
20 
21     public int getAge() {
22         return age;
23     }
24 
25     public void setAge(int age) {
26         this.age = age;
27     }
28 
29     public Person getPerson() {
30         return person;
31     }
32 
33     public void setPerson(Person person) {
34         this.person = person;
35     }
36 
37     public HelloWorld() {
38         super();
39     }
40 
41     public HelloWorld(String name, int age) {
42         super();
43         this.name = name;
44         this.age = age;
45     }
46 
47     public HelloWorld(String name, int age, Person person) {
48         super();
49         this.name = name;
50         this.age = age;
51         this.person = person;
52     }
53 
54     @Override
55     public String toString() {
56         return "HelloWorld [name=" + name + ", age=" + age + ", person=" + person + "]";
57     }
58 
59     
60 }方式一,使用property的 ref 建立bean直接的引用关系;
1  public static void main(String[] args) {
 2 
 3         // 采用spring 方式
 4         // 1.创建spring的IOC容器对象
 5         ApplicationContext applicationContext = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml");
 6         // 2.从IOC容器中获取bean实例
 7         HelloWorld helloWorld6 = (HelloWorld) applicationContext.getBean("helloWorld6");// 利用id定位到IOC容器中的bean
 8         System.out.println(helloWorld6.toString());
 9         ((ConfigurableApplicationContext) applicationContext).close();
10     }1 <?xml versinotallow="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
 2 <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-4.3.xsd">
 3 
 4     <!-- 类的引用 -->
 5     <bean id="person" class="com.lixm.configure.Person">
 6         <property name="name" value="lixiuming"></property>
 7         <property name="sex" value="女"></property>
 8     </bean>
 9     <bean id="helloWorld6" class="com.lixm.configure.HelloWorld">
10         <property name="name" value="Spring"></property>
11         <property name="age" value="10"></property>
12         <!-- 可以使用property的 ref 建立bean直接的引用关系 -->
13         <property name="person" ref="person"></property>
14     </bean>
15 
16 </beans>运行结果为:
HelloWorld [name=Spring, age=10, persnotallow=Person [name=lixiuming, sex=女]]
方式二,使用内部bean的方式,内部bean只能在内部使用,不能被外部引用
1    public static void main(String[] args) {
 2 
 3         // 采用spring 方式
 4         // 1.创建spring的IOC容器对象
 5         ApplicationContext applicationContext = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml");
 6         // 2.从IOC容器中获取bean实例
 7         HelloWorld helloWorld8 = (HelloWorld) applicationContext.getBean("helloWorld8");// 利用id定位到IOC容器中的bean
 8         System.out.println(helloWorld8.toString());
 9         ((ConfigurableApplicationContext) applicationContext).close();
10     }1 <?xml versinotallow="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
 2 <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-4.3.xsd">
 3 
 4     <!-- 类的引用 -->
 5     <bean id="helloWorld8" class="com.lixm.configure.HelloWorld">
 6         <constructor-arg value="Spring" type="java.lang.String"></constructor-arg>
 7         <constructor-arg value="10" index="1"></constructor-arg>
 8         <!--内部bean只能在内部使用,不能被外部引用 -->
 9         <constructor-arg index="2">
10             <bean id="person1" class="com.lixm.configure.Person">
11                 <property name="name" value="Qianzd"></property>
12                 <property name="sex" value="男"></property>
13             </bean>
14         </constructor-arg>
15     </bean>
16 
17 </beans>运行结果为
HelloWorld [name=Spring, age=10, persnotallow=Person [name=Qianzd, sex=男]]
属性注入方式的内部类可以:
1     <bean id="helloWorld7" class="com.lixm.configure.HelloWorld">
 2         <property name="name" value="Spring"></property>  
 3         <property name="age" value="10"></property>
 4         <!--内部bean只能在内部使用,不能被外部引用-->
 5         <property name="person">
 6             <bean id="person1" class="com.lixm.configure.Person">
 7                 <property name="name" value="Qianzd"></property> 
 8                 <property name="sex" value="男"></property>
 9             </bean>
10         </property>
11     </bean>
3.赋值为null的情况
1    public static void main(String[] args) {
 2 
 3         // 采用spring 方式
 4         // 1.创建spring的IOC容器对象
 5         ApplicationContext applicationContext = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml");
 6         // 2.从IOC容器中获取bean实例
 7         HelloWorld helloWorld9 = (HelloWorld) applicationContext.getBean("helloWorld9");// 利用id定位到IOC容器中的bean
 8         System.out.println(helloWorld9.toString());
 9         ((ConfigurableApplicationContext) applicationContext).close();
10     }1 <?xml versinotallow="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
 2 <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-4.3.xsd">
 3 
 4     <!-- 测试赋值null -->
 5     <bean id="helloWorld9" class="com.lixm.configure.HelloWorld">
 6         <constructor-arg value="Spring" type="java.lang.String"></constructor-arg>
 7         <constructor-arg value="10" index="1"></constructor-arg>
 8         <constructor-arg index="2">
 9             <null />
10         </constructor-arg>
11     </bean>
12 
13 </beans>运行结果为:
HelloWorld [name=Spring, age=10, persnotallow=null]
4.更改级联属性
给级联属性赋值<property name="person.sex" value="11222"></property>1  public static void main(String[] args) {
 2 
 3         // 采用spring 方式
 4         // 1.创建spring的IOC容器对象
 5         ApplicationContext applicationContext = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml");
 6         // 2.从IOC容器中获取bean实例
 7         HelloWorld helloWorld10 = (HelloWorld) applicationContext.getBean("helloWorld10");// 利用id定位到IOC容器中的bean
 8         System.out.println(helloWorld10.toString());
 9         ((ConfigurableApplicationContext) applicationContext).close();
10     }1 <?xml versinotallow="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
 2 <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-4.3.xsd">
 3 
 4     <bean id="person" class="com.lixm.configure.Person">
 5         <property name="name" value="lixiuming"></property>
 6         <property name="sex" value="女"></property>
 7     </bean>
 8     <!-- 测试级联属性 -->
 9     <bean id="helloWorld10" class="com.lixm.configure.HelloWorld">
10         <property name="name" value="Spring"></property>
11         <property name="age" value="10"></property>
12         <property name="person" ref="person"></property>
13         <!-- 为级联属性值。注意:属性需要先初始化后才可以为级联属性赋值,否则会有异常 -->
14         <property name="person.sex" value="11222"></property>
15     </bean>
16 </beans>运行结果为:
HelloWorld [name=Spring, age=10, persnotallow=Person [name=lixiuming, sex=11222]]
5.如果参数或属性涉及到List
使用list节点为list类型的属性赋值; 在标签里面包含一些元素可以通过<value> 指定简单的常量值,<ref> 指定对其他Bean的引用 通过<bean> 指定内置bean定义 通过<null/> 指定空元素.HelloWorld调整
1   public static void main(String[] args) {
 2 
 3         // 采用spring 方式
 4         // 1.创建spring的IOC容器对象
 5         ApplicationContext applicationContext = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml");
 6         // 2.从IOC容器中获取bean实例
 7         HelloWorld helloWorld11 = (HelloWorld) applicationContext.getBean("helloWorld11");// 利用id定位到IOC容器中的bean
 8         System.out.println(helloWorld11.toString());
 9         ((ConfigurableApplicationContext) applicationContext).close();
10     }1 <?xml versinotallow="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
 2 <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-4.3.xsd">
 3     <bean id="person" class="com.lixm.configure.Person">
 4         <property name="name" value="lixiuming"></property>
 5         <property name="sex" value="女"></property>
 6     </bean>
 7     <bean id="person1" class="com.lixm.configure.Person">
 8         <property name="name" value="tom"></property>
 9         <property name="sex" value="男"></property>
10     </bean>
11     <bean id="person2" class="com.lixm.configure.Person">
12         <property name="name" value="joy"></property>
13         <property name="sex" value="女"></property>
14     </bean>
15     <bean id="person3" class="com.lixm.configure.Person">
16         <property name="name" value="lucy"></property>
17         <property name="sex" value="女"></property>
18     </bean>
19     <!-- 测试list -->
20     <bean id="helloWorld11" class="com.lixm.configure.HelloWorld">
21         <property name="name" value="Spring"></property>
22         <property name="age" value="10"></property>
23         <property name="person" ref="person"></property>
24         <!-- 为级联属性值。注意:属性需要先初始化后才可以为级联属性赋值,否则会有异常 -->
25         <property name="person.sex" value="11222"></property>
26         <property name="persons">
27             <!-- 使用list节点为list类型的属性赋值 在标签里面包含一些元素可以通过<value> 指定简单的常量值,<ref> 指定对其他Bean的引用 通过<bean> 指定内置bean定义 通过<null/> 指定空元素 -->
28             <list>
29                 <ref bean="person1"></ref>
30                 <ref bean="person2"></ref>
31                 <ref bean="person3"></ref>
32                 <null />
33                 <bean id="person1" class="com.lixm.configure.Person">
34                     <property name="name" value="Jerry"></property>
35                     <property name="sex" value="男"></property>
36                 </bean>
37             </list>
38         </property>
39     </bean>
40 </beans>运行结果为:
HelloWorld [name=Spring, age=10, persnotallow=Person [name=lixiuming, sex=11222], persnotallow=[Person [name=tom, sex=男], Person [name=joy, sex=女], Person [name=lucy, sex=女], null, Person [name=Jerry, sex=男]]]
6.如果参数或属性涉及到Map
1  public static void main(String[] args) {
 2 
 3         // 采用spring 方式
 4         // 1.创建spring的IOC容器对象
 5         ApplicationContext applicationContext = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml");
 6         // 2.从IOC容器中获取bean实例
 7         HelloWorld helloWorld12 = (HelloWorld) applicationContext.getBean("helloWorld12");// 利用id定位到IOC容器中的bean
 8         System.out.println(helloWorld12.toString());
 9         ((ConfigurableApplicationContext) applicationContext).close();
10     }1 <?xml versinotallow="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
 2 <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-4.3.xsd">
 3     <bean id="person" class="com.lixm.configure.Person">
 4         <property name="name" value="lixiuming"></property>
 5         <property name="sex" value="女"></property>
 6     </bean>
 7     <!-- 测试Map -->
 8     <bean id="helloWorld12" class="com.lixm.configure.HelloWorld">
 9         <property name="name" value="Spring"></property>
10         <property name="age" value="10"></property>
11         <property name="person" ref="person"></property>
12         <!-- 为级联属性值。注意:属性需要先初始化后才可以为级联属性赋值,否则会有异常 -->
13         <property name="person.sex" value="11222"></property>
14         <property name="testMap">
16             <map>
17                 <entry key="aaa" value="123123"></entry>
18                 <entry key="bbb" value-ref="person"></entry>
19                 <entry key="ccc" value-ref="person"></entry>
20             </map>
21         </property>
22     </bean>
23 </beans>运行结果为:
HelloWorld [name=Spring, age=10, persnotallow=Person [name=lixiuming, sex=11222], persnotallow=null, testMap={aaa=123123, bbb=Person [name=lixiuming, sex=11222], ccc=Person [name=lixiuming, sex=11222]}]
7.如果参数或属性涉及到properties
使用props 和prop子节点来为 Properties 属性赋值
对HelloWorld进行调整
1 package com.lixm.configure;
  2 
  3 import java.util.List;
  4 import java.util.Map;
  5 import java.util.Properties;
  6 
  7 public class HelloWorld {
  8 
  9     private String name;
 10     private int age;
 11     private Person person;
 12     private List<Person> persons;
 13     private Map<String, Object> testMap;
 14     private Properties properties;
 15 
 16     public String getName() {
 17         return name;
 18     }
 19 
 20     public void setName(String name) {
 21         this.name = name;
 22     }
 23 
 24     public void hello() {
 25         System.out.println("hello " + name);
 26     }
 27 
 28     public int getAge() {
 29         return age;
 30     }
 31 
 32     public void setAge(int age) {
 33         this.age = age;
 34     }
 35 
 36     public Person getPerson() {
 37         return person;
 38     }
 39 
 40     public void setPerson(Person person) {
 41         this.person = person;
 42     }
 43 
 44     public List<Person> getPersons() {
 45         return persons;
 46     }
 47 
 48     public void setPersons(List<Person> persons) {
 49         this.persons = persons;
 50     }
 51 
 52     public Map<String, Object> getTestMap() {
 53         return testMap;
 54     }
 55 
 56     public void setTestMap(Map<String, Object> testMap) {
 57         this.testMap = testMap;
 58     }
 59 
 60     public Properties getProperties() {
 61         return properties;
 62     }
 63 
 64     public void setProperties(Properties properties) {
 65         this.properties = properties;
 66     }
 67 
 68     public HelloWorld() {
 69         super();
 70     }
 71 
 72     public HelloWorld(String name, int age) {
 73         super();
 74         this.name = name;
 75         this.age = age;
 76     }
 77 
 78     public HelloWorld(String name, int age, Person person) {
 79         super();
 80         this.name = name;
 81         this.age = age;
 82         this.person = person;
 83     }
 84 
 85     public HelloWorld(String name, int age, Person person, List<Person> persons) {
 86         super();
 87         this.name = name;
 88         this.age = age;
 89         this.person = person;
 90         this.persons = persons;
 91     }
 92 
 93     public HelloWorld(String name, int age, Person person, List<Person> persons, Map<String, Object> testMap) {
 94         super();
 95         this.name = name;
 96         this.age = age;
 97         this.person = person;
 98         this.persons = persons;
 99         this.testMap = testMap;
100     }
101 
102     public HelloWorld(String name, int age, Person person, List<Person> persons, Map<String, Object> testMap,
103             Properties properties) {
104         super();
105         this.name = name;
106         this.age = age;
107         this.person = person;
108         this.persons = persons;
109         this.testMap = testMap;
110         this.properties = properties;
111     }
112 
113     @Override
114     public String toString() {
115         return "HelloWorld [name=" + name + ", age=" + age + ", person=" + person + ", persons=" + persons
116                 + ", testMap=" + testMap + ", properties=" + properties + "]";
117     }
118 
119 }1   public static void main(String[] args) {
 2 
 3         // 采用spring 方式
 4         // 1.创建spring的IOC容器对象
 5         ApplicationContext applicationContext = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml");
 6         // 2.从IOC容器中获取bean实例
 7         HelloWorld helloWorld13 = (HelloWorld) applicationContext.getBean("helloWorld13");// 利用id定位到IOC容器中的bean
 8         System.out.println(helloWorld13.toString());
 9         ((ConfigurableApplicationContext) applicationContext).close();
10     }1 <?xml versinotallow="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
 2 <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-4.3.xsd">
 3     <bean id="person" class="com.lixm.configure.Person">
 4         <property name="name" value="lixiuming"></property>
 5         <property name="sex" value="女"></property>
 6     </bean>
 7     <!-- 测试Properties -->
 8     <bean id="helloWorld13" class="com.lixm.configure.HelloWorld">
 9         <property name="name" value="Spring"></property>
10         <property name="age" value="10"></property>
11         <property name="person" ref="person"></property>
12         <!-- 为级联属性值。注意:属性需要先初始化后才可以为级联属性赋值,否则会有异常 -->
13         <property name="person.sex" value="11222"></property>
14         <!-- 使用props 和prop子节点来为 Properties 属性赋值 -->
15         <property name="properties">
16             <props>
17                 <prop key="user">root</prop>
18                 <prop key="password">1234</prop>
19                 <prop key="jdbcUrl">jdbc:mysql:///test</prop>
20                 <prop key="drivceClass">com.mysql.jdbc.driver</prop>
21             </props>
22         </property>
23     </bean>
24 </beans>运行结果为:
HelloWorld [name=Spring, age=10, persnotallow=Person [name=lixiuming, sex=11222], persnotallow=null, testMap=null, properties={user=root, password=1234, jdbcUrl=jdbc:mysql:///test, drivceClass=com.mysql.jdbc.driver}]
8.配置单例的集合bean,以供多个bean进行引用
需要引入命名空间util,其他不展开了写了;
1 <?xml versinotallow="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
 2 <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:util="http://www.springframework.org/schema/util" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-4.3.xsd
 3         http://www.springframework.org/schema/util http://www.springframework.org/schema/util/spring-util-4.3.xsd">
 4     <!-- 配置单例的集合bean,以供多个bean进行引用 引入命名空间util -->
 5     <util:list id="persons">
 6         <ref bean="person1"></ref>
 7         <ref bean="person2"></ref>
 8         <ref bean="person3"></ref>
 9         <null />
10         <bean id="person1" class="com.lixm.configure.Person">
11             <property name="name" value="Jerry"></property>
12             <property name="sex" value="男"></property>
13         </bean>
14     </util:list>
15     <util:map id="testMaps">
16         <entry key="aaa" value="123123"></entry>
17         <entry key="bbb" value-ref="person"></entry>
18         <entry key="ccc" value-ref="person"></entry>
19     </util:map>
20     <util:properties id="properties">
21         <prop key="user">root</prop>
22         <prop key="password">1234</prop>
23         <prop key="jdbcUrl">jdbc:mysql:///test</prop>
24         <prop key="drivceClass">com.mysql.jdbc.driver</prop>
25     </util:properties>
26     
27     <bean id="person1" class="com.lixm.configure.Person">
28         <property name="name" value="tom"></property>  
29         <property name="sex" value="男"></property>
30     </bean>
31     <bean id="person2" class="com.lixm.configure.Person">
32         <property name="name" value="joy"></property>  
33         <property name="sex" value="女"></property>
34     </bean>
35     <bean id="person3" class="com.lixm.configure.Person">
36         <property name="name" value="lucy"></property>  
37         <property name="sex" value="女"></property>
38     </bean>
39     <bean id="person" class="com.lixm.configure.Person">
40         <property name="name" value="lixiuming"></property>  
41         <property name="sex" value="女"></property>
42     </bean>
43 </beans>9.标签的使用
通过P命名空间为bean的属性赋值,需要先导入P命名空间,相对于传统的配置更加简洁,配置如下
1 <bean id="person4" class="com.lixm.configure.Person" p:name="aaaaaaaaa" p:sex="aaa">
2         
3     </bean>10.bean的作用域
使用bean 的scope 属性来配置bean的作用域;
作用域常用的有两种:singleton(单例,也是是默认值) 和prototype(原型的);singleton是容器初始化创建bean实例时,在整个容器的生命周期内,只创建了这一个bean;prototype 是容器初始化时不创建bean的实例,而是在每次请求创建bean实例时创建,并且把bean返回;
这里加个Car类
1 package com.lixm.scopes;
 2 
 3 public class Car {
 4 
 5     private String brand;
 6     private double price;
 7 
 8     private double tyrePerimeter;
 9 
10     public String getBrand() {
11         return brand;
12     }
13 
14     public void setBrand(String brand) {
15         this.brand = brand;
16     }
17 
18     public double getPrice() {
19         return price;
20     }
21 
22     public void setPrice(double price) {
23         this.price = price;
24     }
25 
26     public double getTyrePerimeter() {
27         return tyrePerimeter;
28     }
29 
30     public void setTyrePerimeter(double tyrePerimeter) {
31         this.tyrePerimeter = tyrePerimeter;
32     }
33 
34     public Car() {
35         System.out.println("constructor....");
36     }
37 
38     public Car(String brand, double price, double tyrePerimeter) {
39         super();
40         this.brand = brand;
41         this.price = price;
42         this.tyrePerimeter = tyrePerimeter;
43     }
44 
45     @Override
46     public String toString() {
47         return "Car [brand=" + brand + ", price=" + price + ", tyrePerimeter=" + tyrePerimeter + "]";
48     }
49 
50 }1 public static void main(String[] args) {
2         ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("bean-scope.xml");
3         Car car1 = (Car) context.getBean("car");
4         Car car2 = (Car) context.getBean("car");
5         System.out.println(car1 == car2);
6 
7         ((ConfigurableApplicationContext) context).close();
8     }1 <?xml versinotallow="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
2 <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
3     xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
4     xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"
5     xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">
6 
7 <bean id="car" class="com.lixm.autowire.Car" scope="singleton" p:brand="bmw" p:price="300000">
8 </bean>
9 </beans>constructor....
true
返回结果是true ,也就是说car1 和car2的地址值不相同;容器创建了两个。
如果scope设置为prototype,如下
1 <bean id="car" class="com.lixm.autowire.Car" scope="prototype" p:brand="bmw" p:price="300000">
2 </bean>运行结果为:
constructor....
constructor....
false
man方法运行结果时false;也就是说car1 和car2的地址值相同;也就是说car1和car2是同一个
11.bean之间的关系
- bean的继承(parent属性)
 
存在一种情况,就是当一个bean配置完成后,配置第二个bean时,需要用到第一个bean的部分属性;如下
1 <?xml versinotallow="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
 2 <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
 3     xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
 4     xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"
 5     xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">
 6 
 7 <bean id="address1" class="com.lixm.autowire.Address" p:city="beijin" p:street="wangfujing"></bean>
 8  <bean id="address2" class="com.lixm.autowire.Address" p:city="beijin" p:street="wudaokou"></bean>
 9 
10 </beans>address1 和 address2中 city都为beijin;那么我们可以使用 bean的parent属性 来实现bean的继承
这里用到了Address类 和Person类View Code
View Code
1 public static void main(String[] args) {
 2         ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("bean-relations.xml");
 3         Address address1 = (Address) context.getBean("address1");
 4         Address address2 = (Address) context.getBean("address2");
 5         System.out.println(address1);
 6         System.out.println(address2);
 7         ((ConfigurableApplicationContext) context).close();
 8      
 9         
10     }1 <?xml versinotallow="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
2 <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
3     xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
4     xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"
5     xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">
6 
7 <bean id="address1" class="com.lixm.autowire.Address" p:city="beijin" p:street="wangfujing"></bean>
8  <bean id="address2" parent="address1" p:street="wudaokou"></bean>
9 </beans>运行结果都为
Address [city=beijin, street=wangfujing]
Address [city=beijin, street=wudaokou]
- 抽象bean(abstract属性)
 
abstract 抽象bean:bean的abstract 属性为true 不能被IOC容器实例化,只能用来被继承;若一个bean的class属性没有指定,则该bean必须是一个抽象bean,如:
1 <bean id="address3" parent="address1" p:city="beijin" p:street="wudaokou" abstract="true"></bean>- 依赖(depends-on属性)
 
比如说要求再配置person时,必须有一个关联的car,也就说person这个bean依赖于Car这个bean
1  <bean id="person" class="com.lixm.autowire.Person" p:name="Tom" depends-on="car"></bean>此时若没有id=car的属性,那么,getBean时会报错( [bean-relations.xml]: 'person' depends on missing bean 'car'; nested exception is org.springframework.beans.factory.NoSuchBeanDefinitionException: No bean named ');
如果依赖多个 使用,或者空格来配置bean的名称
1 <bean id="person2" class="com.lixm.autowire.Person" p:name="Tom"  depends-on="car,address2" p:car-ref="car"></bean>12.外部文件
这里我们使用C3P0作为我们的数据源;所以需要引入3个jar包;c3p0-0.9.5.5; c3p0-oracle-thin-extras-0.9.5.5.jar ;mchange-commons-java-0.2.19.jar
需要在src下添加一个db.properties文件(演示的project为Java项目,所以在src下创建即可);
- 外部文件的一般配置方式;
 
1 <?xml versinotallow="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
 2 <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
 3     xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
 4     xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"
 5     xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
 6     xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
 7         http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.3.xsd">
 8 
 9 <!-- 外部文件的一般配置方式 -->
10  <bean id="dataSource" class="com.mchange.v2.c3p0.ComboPooledDataSource" p:user="lixm" p:password="123456" p:driverClass="com.mysql.jdbc.Driver" p:jdbcUrl="jdbc:mysql:///test">
11 </bean> 
12 </beans>- 加载properties文件的配置方式
 
需要额外加入 context 的命名空间
<?xml versinotallow="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"
    xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.3.xsd">
<!-- 加载properties 文件  -->
<context:property-placeholder location="classpath:db.properties" />
<bean id="dataSource" class="com.mchange.v2.c3p0.ComboPooledDataSource" p:user="${user}" p:password="${password}" p:driverClass="${driverclass}" p:jdbcUrl="${jdbcurl}">
</bean>
</beans>1 public static void main(String[] args) {
2         ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("bean-properties.xml");
3         ComboPooledDataSource dataSource = (ComboPooledDataSource) context.getBean("dataSource");
4         System.out.println(dataSource);
5         
6         ((ConfigurableApplicationContext) context).close();
7     }
13.spel
sple 可以为属性赋值,可以应用类的静态属性,可以做运算,可以医用其他bean及其属性等;
1 <?xml versinotallow="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
 2 <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
 3     xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
 4     xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"
 5     xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">
 6 <!-- 使用spe为属性赋值 (字面值) -->
 7 <bean id="address" class="com.lixm.autowire.Address" p:city="#{'上海'}" p:street="#{'南京路'}">
 8 </bean>
 9 <!-- 使用SPEL 引用类的静态属性 -->
10 <bean id="car" class="com.lixm.autowire.Car" p:brand="#{'bmw'}" p:price="300000" p:tyrePerimeter="#{T(java.lang.Math).PI*80}">
11 </bean>
12 
13 <bean id="personSpel" class="com.lixm.autowire.Person" >
14 <!-- 使用spel 引用其他Bean -->
15 <property name="car" value="#{car}"></property>
16 <!-- 使用spel中引用其他bean的属性 -->
17 <property name="city" value="#{address.city}"></property>
18 <!-- 使用spel中使用运算符 -->
19 <property name="into" value="#{car.price>=300000?'金领':'白领'}"></property>
20 <property name="name" value="#{'小明'}"></property>
21 </bean>
22 </beans>1 public static void main(String[] args) {
 2         ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("bean-spel.xml");
 3         Address address = (Address) context.getBean("address");
 4         Car car = (Car) context.getBean("car");
 5         Person personSpel = (Person) context.getBean("personSpel");
 6         System.out.println(address);
 7         System.out.println(car);
 8         System.out.println(personSpel);
 9         ((ConfigurableApplicationContext) context).close();
10     }运行结果为:
Address [city=上海, street=南京路]
Car [brand=bmw, price=300000.0, tyrePerimeter=251.32741228718345]
Person [name=小明, address=null, car=Car [brand=bmw, price=300000.0, tyrePerimeter=251.32741228718345], city=上海, into=金领]
六、自动装配(不常用)
1.什么是自动装配?
看一个例子:
1 <?xml versinotallow="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
 2 <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
 3     xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
 4     xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"
 5     xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">
 6 <bean id="car" class="com.lixm.autowire.Car" p:brand="bmw" p:price="300000"></bean>
 7 <bean id="address" class="com.lixm.autowire.Address" p:city="beijin" p:street="wangfujing"></bean>
 8 <bean id="person" class="com.lixm.autowire.Person" p:name="lixm" p:car-ref="car" p:address-ref="address"></bean><!-- 手动装配 -->
 9 <bean id="person1" class="com.lixm.autowire.Person" p:name="lixm" autowire="byName"></bean><!-- 自动装配 -->
10 <bean id="person2" class="com.lixm.autowire.Person" p:name="lixm" autowire="byType"></bean><!-- 自动装配 -->
11 </beans>手动装配就是 需要手动赋值p:car-ref="car" p:address-ref="address"
自动装配就是 自动的把 Person 中 car ,容器中存在的对应的car的bean装到Person 中的car中,同理address也是如此;
2.自动装配的常用形式
byName: 根据bean的名称(比如id="car" 或者id="address" )和当前bean(比如id="car" 或者id="address" )的setter风格的属性名进行自动装配,若有匹配的,则进行自动装配,若没有匹配的,则不装配;
1     public static void main(String[] args) {
2         ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("beans-autowired.xml");
3 
4         Person person1 = (Person) context.getBean("person1");// 自动装配(byName)
5         System.out.println(person1);
6 
7         ((ConfigurableApplicationContext) context).close();
8 
9     }<?xml versinotallow="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">
<bean id="car1" class="com.lixm.autowire.Car" p:brand="bmw" p:price="300000"></bean>
<bean id="address" class="com.lixm.autowire.Address" p:city="beijin" p:street="wangfujing"></bean>
<bean id="person1" class="com.lixm.autowire.Person" p:name="lixm" autowire="byName"></bean><!-- 自动装配 -->
</beans>此时运行结果为:
Person [name=lixm, address=Address [city=beijin, street=wangfujing], car=null]
这里的car没有值;也就是说,没有匹配上;
如果把配置文件修改成如下:
1 <?xml versinotallow="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
 2 <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
 3     xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
 4     xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"
 5     xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">
 6 <bean id="car" class="com.lixm.autowire.Car" p:brand="bmw" p:price="300000"></bean>
 7 <bean id="car1" class="com.lixm.autowire.Car" p:brand="benz" p:price="300000"></bean>
 8 <bean id="address" class="com.lixm.autowire.Address" p:city="beijin" p:street="wangfujing"></bean>
 9 <bean id="person1" class="com.lixm.autowire.Person" p:name="lixm" autowire="byName"></bean><!-- 自动装配 -->
10 
11 </beans>那么运行结果为:
Person [name=lixm, address=Address
[city=beijin, street=wangfujing], car=Car [brand=bmw, price=300000.0]]
此时,car自动装配成功;
byType:根据bean的类型和当前bean的属性的类型进行自动装配,若IOC容器中国有1个以上类型匹配的bean,则抛异常。也就是说:
1     public static void main(String[] args) {
2         ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("beans-autowired.xml");
3 
4         Person person2 = (Person) context.getBean("person2");// 自动装配(byName)
5         System.out.println(person2);
6 
7         ((ConfigurableApplicationContext) context).close();
8 
9     }1 <?xml versinotallow="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
 2 <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
 3     xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
 4     xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"
 5     xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">
 6 <bean id="car" class="com.lixm.autowire.Car" p:brand="bmw" p:price="300000"></bean>
 7 <bean id="car1" class="com.lixm.autowire.Car" p:brand="bmw" p:price="300000"></bean>
 8 <bean id="address" class="com.lixm.autowire.Address" p:city="beijin" p:street="wangfujing"></bean>
 9 <bean id="person2" class="com.lixm.autowire.Person" p:name="lixm" autowire="byType"></bean><!-- 自动装配 -->
10 </beans>配置文件配置了car 和 car1 那么,在main方法运行的时候 报错;
七、生命周期
bean的生命周期:构造器 --> set/get方法 (属性赋值) --> 初始化方法(创建bean调用初始化方法)-->使用bean方法-->销毁(关闭容器)
使用 init-method配置初始化方法 destory-method配置指定的销毁方法;
附上Car类1 public class Car {
 2 
 3     public Car() {
 4         super();
 5         System.out.println("Constor");
 6     }
 7 
 8     private String brand;
 9 
10     public void setBrand(String brand) {
11         System.out.println("setBrand");
12         this.brand = brand;
13     }
14 
15     public void init() {
16         System.out.println("init..");
17     }
18 
19     public void destory() {
20         System.out.println("destory..");
21     }
22 }1 <?xml versinotallow="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
2 <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
3     xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
4     xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"
5     xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">
6 <bean id="car" class="com.lixm.cycle.Car" p:brand="Audi" init-method="init" destroy-method="destory"></bean>
7 </beans>1 public static void main(String[] args) {
2         ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("bean-cyle.xml");
3 
4         Car car = (Car) context.getBean("car");
5         System.out.println(car);
6         ((ConfigurableApplicationContext) context).close();
7     }运行结果:
Constor
setBrand
init..
com.lixm.cycle.Car@87a85e1
destory..










