PageObject

• 老马关于PageObject的定义

• PageObject到底是个啥

• E2E的几个痛点

  • 前端调整引起元素定位不到，如
  • 相同的页面操作，要在不同的地方使用，写N次，代码冗余，很不利于后期维护

• 使用PageObject都可以解决

  • 如果元素定位不到，只需要修改对应的页面的PageObject就好，一处改动，关联的地方都OK了
  • 将相同的页面操作，进行抽离至PageObject中，大大减少代码的冗余

分离PageObject

原始代码

public class ExampleInstrumentedTest {


    public static final String STRING_TO_BE_TYPED_EMAIL = "EspressoDemo@mail.com";
    public static final String STRING_TO_BE_TYPED_EMAIL_PASSWORD = "123456";

    @Rule
    public ActivityTestRule<LoginActivity> mActivityRule = new ActivityTestRule<>(
            LoginActivity.class);

    @Test
    public void testAttemptLogin() {
        // Type text and then press the button.
        onView(withId(demo.test.espressodemo.R.id.email))
                .perform(typeText(STRING_TO_BE_TYPED_EMAIL), closeSoftKeyboard());
        onView(withId(demo.test.espressodemo.R.id.email))
                .check(matches(withText(STRING_TO_BE_TYPED_EMAIL)));

        onView(withId(demo.test.espressodemo.R.id.password))
                .perform(typeText(STRING_TO_BE_TYPED_EMAIL_PASSWORD), closeSoftKeyboard());
        onView(withId(demo.test.espressodemo.R.id.password))
                .check(matches(withText(STRING_TO_BE_TYPED_EMAIL_PASSWORD)));

        onView(withId(demo.test.espressodemo.R.id.email_sign_in_button))
                .perform(click());

    }
}

从testAttemptLogin中可以看出测试流程是这样

• 第一步: R.id.email输入内容STRING_TO_BE_TYPED_EMAIL，再验证输入内容是否为STRING_TO_BE_TYPED_EMAIL
• 第二步: R.id.password输入内容STRING_TO_BE_TYPED_EMAIL_PASSWORD，再验证输入内容是否为STRING_TO_BE_TYPED_EMAIL_PASSWORD
• 第三步: 点击R.id.email_sign_in_button按钮

分离手术

• 提取登录PageObject: LoginPageObject

public class LoginPageObject {

    public static void inputEmail(String email){
        onView(withId(demo.test.espressodemo.R.id.email))
                .perform(typeText(email), closeSoftKeyboard());
        onView(withId(demo.test.espressodemo.R.id.email))
                .check(matches(withText(email)));
    }

    public static void inputPassword(String password){
        onView(withId(demo.test.espressodemo.R.id.password))
                .perform(typeText(password), closeSoftKeyboard());
        onView(withId(demo.test.espressodemo.R.id.password))
                .check(matches(withText(password)));
    }

    public static void clickLogin(){
        onView(withId(demo.test.espressodemo.R.id.email_sign_in_button))
                .perform(click());
    }
}

• 使用登录PageObject来实现之前的测试功能

public class ExampleInstrumentedTest {
    public static final String email = "EspressoDemo@mail.com";
    public static final String password = "123456";

    @Rule
    public ActivityTestRule<LoginActivity> mActivityRule = new ActivityTestRule<>(
            LoginActivity.class);

    @Test
    public void testAttemptLogin() {
        // Type text and then press the button.

        LoginPageObject.inputEmail(email);

        LoginPageObject.inputPassword(password);

        LoginPageObject.clickLogin();

    }
}

• 提取用户数据: UserInfo

public class UserInfo {
    public static final String email = "EspressoDemo@mail.com";
    public static final String password = "123456";

}

• 再次调整测试代码

public class ExampleInstrumentedTest {

    @Rule
    public ActivityTestRule<LoginActivity> mActivityRule = new ActivityTestRule<>(
            LoginActivity.class);

    @Test
    public void testAttemptLogin() {
        // Type text and then press the button.

        LoginPageObject.inputEmail(UserInfo.email);

        LoginPageObject.inputPassword(UserInfo.password);

        LoginPageObject.clickLogin();

    }
}

测试仅有三步骤

• Login输入邮箱地址
• Login输入密码
• Login点击登录按钮

总结

• 使用PageObject模型后，测试代码更加便于维护，大大增加了可读性,减少了冗余代码
• PageObject就是将页面的操作行为，进行单独分离和维护，统一管理

• PageObject/测试数据/测试脚本的关系

  
  

  

• 完整代码: https://github.com/aimer1124/EspressoDemo

参考

• PageObject
• Tutorial: Sustainable Android Tests with Page Objects