一.版本准备

1. Spring Boot的版本

2. Spring Cloud的版本

3. 其它版本

JDK8及以上、Maven3.6及以上、Mysql5.7及以上

4. Cloud组件现状

二.项目搭建

1.新建父工程Project空间

1.1 新建项目

1.2 环境确认

1）、项目编码集

2）、Java编译版本选择JDK8

3）、注解激活生效

4）、File Types过滤（ 将项目的一些.iml .idea等文件过滤掉 ）

1.3 父工程项目结构

删除src文件夹，修改pom.xml文件，加上pom，到此完成父工程的创建。

2.父工程pom.xml文件

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
  xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
  <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

  <groupId>com.igeek.cloud</groupId>
  <artifactId>clouddemo</artifactId>
  <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
  <packaging>pom</packaging>

  <!-- 统一管理jar包版本 -->
  <properties>
    <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
    <maven.compiler.source>1.8</maven.compiler.source>
    <maven.compiler.target>1.8</maven.compiler.target>
    <junit.version>4.12</junit.version>
    <log4j.version>1.2.17</log4j.version>
    <lombok.version>1.18.22</lombok.version>
    <mysql.version>5.1.38</mysql.version>
    <druid.version>1.1.17</druid.version>
    <mybatis.spring.boot.version>2.2.1</mybatis.spring.boot.version>
  </properties>

  <!-- 子模块继承之后，提供作用：锁定版本+子Module不用写groupId和version  -->
  <dependencyManagement>
    <dependencies>
      <!--spring boot 2.6.1-->
      <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-dependencies</artifactId>
        <version>2.6.1</version>
        <type>pom</type>
        <scope>import</scope>
      </dependency>
      <!--spring cloud 2021.0.0-->
      <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
        <version>2021.0.0</version>
        <type>pom</type>
        <scope>import</scope>
      </dependency>
      <!--spring cloud alibaba 2.2.6.RELEASE-->
      <dependency>
        <groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-cloud-alibaba-dependencies</artifactId>
        <version>2.2.6.RELEASE</version>
        <type>pom</type>
        <scope>import</scope>
      </dependency>

      <dependency>
        <groupId>mysql</groupId>
        <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
        <version>${mysql.version}</version>
      </dependency>
      <dependency>
        <groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
        <artifactId>druid</artifactId>
        <version>${druid.version}</version>
      </dependency>
      <dependency>
        <groupId>org.mybatis.spring.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>mybatis-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
        <version>${mybatis.spring.boot.version}</version>
      </dependency>
      <dependency>
        <groupId>junit</groupId>
        <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
        <version>${junit.version}</version>
      </dependency>
      <dependency>
        <groupId>log4j</groupId>
        <artifactId>log4j</artifactId>
        <version>${log4j.version}</version>
      </dependency>
      <dependency>
        <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
        <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
        <version>${lombok.version}</version>
        <optional>true</optional>
      </dependency>
    </dependencies>
  </dependencyManagement>

  <build>
    <plugins>
      <plugin>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
        <configuration>
          <fork>true</fork>
          <addResources>true</addResources>
        </configuration>
      </plugin>
    </plugins>
  </build>

</project>

2.1 dependencyManagement

​ Maven使用dependencyManagement元素来提供了一种管理依赖版本号的方式。通常会在一个组织或者项目的最顶层的父POM中看到dependencyManagement元素。

​ 使用pom.xml中的dependencyManagement元素能让所有在子项目中引用一个依赖，而不用显式的列出版本号。Maven会沿着父子层次向上走，直到找到一个拥有dependencyManagement元素的项目，然后它就会使用这个dependencyManagement元素中指定的版本号。

​ 这样做的好处就是，如果有多个子项目都引用同一样的依赖，则可以避免在每个使用的子项目里都声明一个版本号，这样当想升级或切换到另一个版本时只需要在顶层父容器里更新，而不需要一个一个子项目的修改；另外如果某个子项目需要另外的一个版本，只需要声明version即可。

​

2.2 maven中跳过单元测试

2.3 mvn:install & mvn:clean 命令

3.Rest微服务工程构建

3.1 cloud-provider-payment-8001微服务提供者支付Module模块

第一步：建cloud-provider-payment-8001子Module模块

[外链图片转存失败,源站可能有防盗链机制,建议将图片保存下来直接上传

第二步：改pom.xml文件

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <parent>
        <artifactId>clouddemo</artifactId>
        <groupId>com.igeek.cloud</groupId>
        <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
    </parent>
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <!-- 由于父工程使用dependencyManagement ， 子模块继承之后，提供作用：锁定版本+子Module不用写groupId和version  -->
    <artifactId>cloud-provider-payment8001</artifactId>

    <dependencies>
        <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework.boot/spring-boot-starter-web -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>

        <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework.boot/spring-boot-starter-web -->
        <!-- actuator 可以用于检测系统的健康情况、当前的Beans、系统的缓存等 -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId>
        </dependency>

        <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework.boot/spring-boot-starter-web -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.mybatis.spring.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>mybatis-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
        </dependency>

        <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/com.alibaba/druid -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
            <artifactId>druid-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
             <!-- 就近原则，会使用子模块中指定的版本 -->
            <version>1.1.17</version>
        </dependency>
        <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/mysql/mysql-connector-java -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>mysql</groupId>
            <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
        </dependency>

        <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework.boot/spring-boot-starter-jdbc -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-jdbc</artifactId>
        </dependency>

        <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework.boot/spring-boot-devtools -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-devtools</artifactId>
            <scope>runtime</scope>
            <optional>true</optional>
        </dependency>

        <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.projectlombok/lombok -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
            <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
            <optional>true</optional>
        </dependency>

        <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework.boot/spring-boot-starter-test -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>


    </dependencies>


</project>

第三步：写YML配置文件

#配置服务端口号
server:
  port: 8001

#配置服务名称
spring:
  application:
    name: cloud-payment-service
  #配置数据源信息
  datasource:
    type: com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSource
    driver-class-name: com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
    url: jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/test?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf-8&useSSL=false
    username: root
    password: 123456

#配置MyBatis
mybatis:
  mapperLocations: classpath:mapper/*.xml
  type-aliases-package: com.igeek.springcloud.pojo
  configuration:
    map-underscore-to-camel-case: true

第四步：新建主配置类启动

第五步：编写业务类

1）、编写SQL

CREATE TABLE payment (
 id BIGINT(20) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT COMMENT ID,
 'serial' VARCHAR(200) DEFAULT,
 PRIMARY KEY(id)
) ENGINE=INNODB AUTO_INCREMENT=1 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8

2）、创建实体类

主实体Payment类

package com.igeek.springcloud.pojo;

import lombok.AllArgsConstructor;
import lombok.Data;
import lombok.NoArgsConstructor;

import java.io.Serializable;

@Data
@AllArgsConstructor
@NoArgsConstructor
public class Payment implements Serializable {
    //支付主键
    private Long id;
    //支付流水号
    private String serial;
}

Json封装体CommonResult

package com.igeek.springcloud.pojo;

import lombok.AllArgsConstructor;
import lombok.Data;
import lombok.NoArgsConstructor;

@Data
@AllArgsConstructor
@NoArgsConstructor
public class CommonResult <T>{
    //结果的代码
    private Integer code;
    //结果的信息
    private String message;
    //结果中的数据
    private T data;

    public CommonResult(Integer code,String message){
        this(code,message,null);
    }
}

3）、创建dao数据层

接口PaymentDao

package com.igeek.springcloud.dao;

import com.igeek.springcloud.pojo.Payment;
import org.apache.ibatis.annotations.Param;

@Mapper
public interface PaymentDao {

    public int create(Payment payment);

    public Payment getPaymentById(@Param("id") Long id);
    
}

mybatis的映射文件PaymentMapper.xml

在src\main\resources\mapper\PaymentMapper.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE mapper PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Mapper 3.0//EN" "http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd">

<mapper namespace="com.igeek.springcloud.dao.PaymentDao">

    <insert id="create" parameterType="Payment" useGeneratedKeys="true" keyProperty="id">
            insert into payment(serial) values(#{serial});
    </insert>

    <resultMap id="BaseResultMap" type="Payment">
        <id column="id" property="id" jdbcType="BIGINT"></id>
        <id column="serial" property="serial" jdbcType="VARCHAR"></id>
    </resultMap>
    <select id="getPaymentById"  parameterType="Long" resultMap="BaseResultMap">
            select * from payment where id=#{id}
    </select>

</mapper>

4）、创建Service业务逻辑层

创建PaymentService接口

package com.igeek.springcloud.service;

import com.igeek.springcloud.pojo.Payment;
import org.apache.ibatis.annotations.Param;

public interface PaymentService {

    public int create(Payment payment);

    public Payment getPaymentById(@Param("id") Long id);

}

创建impl.PaymentServiceImpl实现类

package com.igeek.springcloud.dao.impl;

import com.igeek.springcloud.dao.PaymentDao;
import com.igeek.springcloud.pojo.Payment;
import com.igeek.springcloud.service.PaymentService;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;

@Service
public class PaymentServiceImpl implements PaymentService {

    @Autowired(required = false)
    private PaymentDao paymentDao;

    @Override
    public int create(Payment payment) {
        return paymentDao.create(payment);
    }

    @Override
    public Payment getPaymentById(Long id) {
        return paymentDao.getPaymentById(id);
    }
}

5）、创建Controller控制层

创建PaymentController类

package com.igeek.springcloud.controller;

import com.igeek.springcloud.pojo.CommonResult;
import com.igeek.springcloud.pojo.Payment;
import com.igeek.springcloud.service.PaymentService;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PostMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;

@RestController
@Slf4j
public class PaymentController {

    @Autowired
    private PaymentService paymentService;

    @PostMapping("/payment/create")
    public CommonResult<Payment> create(Payment payment){
        CommonResult<Payment> result = null;
        int i = paymentService.create(payment);
        log.info("----插入结果：----"+i);

        if(i>0){
            result = new CommonResult(200,"插入数据成功",Payment);
        }else{
            result = new CommonResult(444,"插入数据失败",null);
        }
        return result;
    }

    @GetMapping("/payment/get/{id}")
    public CommonResult getPaymentById(@PathVariable Long id){
        CommonResult<Payment> result = null;
        Payment payment = paymentService.getPaymentById(id);
        log.info("----插入结果：----"+payment);

        if(payment!=null){
            result = new CommonResult(200,"查询数据成功",payment);
        }else{
            result = new CommonResult(444,"查询数据失败，未查询到id = "+id,null);
        }
        return result;
    }
}

第六步：测试

1）、测试查询数据

先启动PaymentMain8001主配置类，在浏览器中直接输入访问地址：http://localhost:8001/payment/get/1

发起Get方式访问：

2）、测试插入数据

先启动PaymentMain8001主配置类，在postman工具中，输入访问地址：http://localhost:8001/payment/create?serial=AAA

发起Post方式访问：

3.2 热部署Devtools

第一步：在子模块的pom.xml中添加依赖

<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework.boot/spring-boot-devtools -->
<dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-boot-devtools</artifactId>
   <scope>runtime</scope>
    <optional>true</optional>
</dependency>

第二步：在父工程的pom.xml中添加插件

<build>
  <plugins>
    <plugin>
      <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
      <configuration>
        <fork>true</fork>
        <addResources>true</addResources>
      </configuration>
    </plugin>
  </plugins>
</build>

第三步：在Settings -> Build -> Compiler -> 勾选ADBC选项

第四步：设置

按住ctrl + shift + Alt + / ，弹出框：

第五步：测试热部署

注意：热部署只适合开发阶段，到实际生产环境关闭热部署。

3.3 cloud-consumer-order-80 微服务消费者订单Module模块

第一步：建cloud-consumer-order-80模块

第二步：改pom.xml文件

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <parent>
        <artifactId>clouddemo</artifactId>
        <groupId>com.igeek.cloud</groupId>
        <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
    </parent>
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <artifactId>cloud-consumer-order-80</artifactId>

    <dependencies>
        <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework.boot/spring-boot-starter-web -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>

        <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework.boot/spring-boot-starter-web  -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId>
        </dependency>

        <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework.boot/spring-boot-devtools -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-devtools</artifactId>
            <scope>runtime</scope>
            <optional>true</optional>
        </dependency>

        <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.projectlombok/lombok -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
            <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
            <optional>true</optional>
        </dependency>

        <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework.boot/spring-boot-starter-test -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

</project>

第三步：写YML配置文件

server:
  port: 80

第四步：新建主配置类启动

package com.igeek.springcloud;

import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;

@SpringBootApplication
public class OrderMain80 {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(OrderMain80.class,args);
    }

}

第五步：编写业务类

1）、创建实体类

Payment类

package com.igeek.springcloud.pojo;

import lombok.AllArgsConstructor;
import lombok.Data;
import lombok.NoArgsConstructor;

import java.io.Serializable;

@Data
@AllArgsConstructor
@NoArgsConstructor
public class Payment implements Serializable {
    //支付主键
    private Long id;
    //支付流水号
    private String serial;
}

CommonResult类

package com.igeek.springcloud.pojo;

import lombok.AllArgsConstructor;
import lombok.Data;
import lombok.NoArgsConstructor;

@Data
@AllArgsConstructor
@NoArgsConstructor
public class CommonResult <T>{
    //结果的代码
    private Integer code;
    //结果的信息
    private String message;
    //结果中的数据
    private T data;

    public CommonResult(Integer code,String message){
        this(code,message,null);
    }
}

2）、Config配置类

创建com.igeek.springcloud.config.ApplicationContextConfig类

package com.igeek.springcloud.config;

import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;

@Configuration
public class ApplicationContextConfig {

    @Bean
    public RestTemplate getRestTemplate(){
        return new RestTemplate();
    }

}

3）、创建Controller控制层

创建com.igeek.springcloud.controller.OrderController类

package com.igeek.springcloud.controller;

import com.igeek.springcloud.pojo.CommonResult;
import com.igeek.springcloud.pojo.Payment;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;

@RestController
@Slf4j
public class OrderController {

    private static final String PAYMENT_URL = "http://localhost:8001";

    @Autowired
    private RestTemplate restTemplate;

    @GetMapping("/consumer/payment/create")
    public CommonResult<Payment> create(Payment payment){
        //添加数据，选择post
        CommonResult commonResult = restTemplate.postForObject(PAYMENT_URL + "/payment/create", payment, CommonResult.class);
        return commonResult;
    }

    @GetMapping("/consumer/payment/get/{id}")
    public CommonResult<Payment> getPaymentById(@PathVariable Long id){
        CommonResult commonResult = restTemplate.getForObject(PAYMENT_URL + "/payment/get/"+id, CommonResult.class);
        return commonResult;
    }
}

第六步：测试

先启动PaymentMain8001主程序，再启动OrderMain80主程序

此时会弹出一个对话框

选择show run configurations in Services，此时会打开Services选项卡，会看到启动的微服务，方便观看及管理。

1）、测试查询，在浏览器中输入地址：http://localhost/consumer/payment/get/1

2）、测试插入，在postman中输入地址：http://localhost/consumer/payment/create?serial=BBB

3.4 工程重构

工程重构的原因：发现模块间有共同的代码

第一步：新建cloud-api-commons模块

第二步：修改pom.xml文件

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <parent>
        <artifactId>clouddemo</artifactId>
        <groupId>com.igeek.cloud</groupId>
        <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
    </parent>
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <artifactId>cloud-api-commons</artifactId>
    
    <dependencies>
        <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework.boot/spring-boot-devtools -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-devtools</artifactId>
            <scope>runtime</scope>
            <optional>true</optional>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
            <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
            <optional>true</optional>
        </dependency>

        <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/cn.hutool/hutool-all -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>cn.hutool</groupId>
            <artifactId>hutool-all</artifactId>
            <version>5.1.0</version>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

</project>

第三步：建实体类

将其它模块下的CommonResult类、Payment类，放置在cloud-api-commons模块中

PS:将cloud-api-commons模块clean & install

第四步：重构订单80和支付8001模块

1）、删除pojo实体类

2）、分别在pom.xml中引入cloud-api-commons模块

<dependency>
    <groupId>com.igeek.cloud</groupId>
    <artifactId>cloud-api-commons</artifactId>
    <version>${project.version}</version>
</dependency>

第五步：测试