目录
贪吃蛇实现的技术前提:
c语言函数、枚举、结构体、动态内存管理、预处理指令、链表、Win32 API等。
Win32 API介绍
Win32 API(Windows API)是指微软公司为Windows操作系统提供的应用程序编程接口(Application Programming Interface)。它是一组函数、数据结构、常量和其他定义,用于开发Windows平台上的应用程序。
Win32 API提供了许多功能,涵盖了操作系统的各个方面,包括图形界面、输入输出、文件系统、网络通信、多线程、安全性等。开发者可以使用这些API来创建各种类型的应用程序,包括桌面应用程序、游戏、驱动程序、系统工具等。
Win32 API基于C语言编写,提供了一种与操作系统交互的标准接口。开发者可以通过调用API函数来访问操作系统的功能和资源,实现各种操作,例如创建窗口、绘制图形、处理用户输入、读写文件、访问网络等。
使用Win32 API进行开发需要一定的编程知识和理解操作系统的工作原理。开发者需要了解API函数的参数、返回值和使用方法,以及如何处理错误和异常情况。此外,开发者还可以利用各种开发工具和框架,简化Win32 API的使用过程,提高开发效率。
总之,Win32 API是Windows平台上开发应用程序的基础,通过使用这些API,开发者可以充分利用操作系统的功能,创建出各种强大、高效的应用程序。
宽字符的打印
#include <stdio.h>
#include<locale.h>
int main() {
 setlocale(LC_ALL, "");
 wchar_t ch1 = L'●'; 
wchar_t ch2 = L'中';
 wchar_t ch3 = L'国';
 wchar_t ch4 = L'★';
 printf("%c%c\n", 'a', 'b');
 
 wprintf(L"%c\n", ch1);
 wprintf(L"%c\n", ch2);
 wprintf(L"%c\n", ch3);
 wprintf(L"%c\n", ch4);
 return 0;
}

贪吃蛇的主要功能
游戏的初始化和适应本地环境
void GameStart(pSnake ps)
{
    //设置控制台的信息
    system("mode con cols=100 lines=30");
    system("title 贪吃蛇");
    //隐藏光标
    HANDLE handle=GetStdHandle(STD_OUTPUT_HANDLE);
    //获取控制台光标信息
    CONSOLE_CURSOR_INFO CursorInfo;
    GetConsoleCursorInfo(handle, &CursorInfo);
    CursorInfo.bVisible = false;
    SetConsoleCursorInfo(handle, &CursorInfo);
    //欢迎界面
    WelcomeToGame();
    //绘制地图
    CreateMap();
    //初始化蛇
    InitSnake(ps);
    //创建食物
    CreateFood(ps);
}//设置光标的坐标 
void SetPos(int x, int y)
{
    //获得设备句柄
    HANDLE handle = GetStdHandle(STD_OUTPUT_HANDLE);
    //根据句柄设置光标的位置
    COORD pos = { x, y };
    SetConsoleCursorPosition(handle, pos);
}void test()
{
	int ch = 0;
	do
	{
		//创建贪吃蛇
		Snake snake = { 0 };
		GameStart(&snake);
		GameRun(&snake);
		GameEnd(&snake);
		SetPos(20, 15);
		printf("再来一局吗?(Y/N)");
		ch=getchar();
		getchar();
	} while (ch=='Y'||ch=='y');
}
int main()
{
	//修改适配本地中文环境
	setlocale(LC_ALL,"");
	test();
	SetPos(0,27);
	return 0;
}打印欢迎界面
void WelcomeToGame()
{
    SetPos(38, 15);
    printf("欢迎来到贪吃蛇小游戏\n");
    SetPos(39, 23);
    system("pause");
    system("cls");
    SetPos(23, 10);
    printf("用↑. ↓. ←. →来控制蛇的移动,F3是加速,F4是减速\n");
    SetPos(23, 11);
    printf("加速能得到更高的分数");
    SetPos(39, 23);
    system("pause");
    system("cls");
}打印墙
void CreateMap()
{
    //上
    SetPos(0, 0);
    for (int i = 0; i <= 56; i += 2)
    {
        wprintf(L"%lc",L'□');
    }
    //下
    SetPos(0, 26);
    for (int i = 0; i <= 56; i += 2)
    {
        wprintf(L"%lc", L'□');
    }
    //左
    for (int i = 1; i <= 25; i ++)
    {
        SetPos(0, i);
        wprintf(L"%lc", L'□');
    }
    //右
    for (int i = 1; i <= 25; i++)
    {
        SetPos(56, i);
        wprintf(L"%lc", L'□');
    }
}创建蛇身
void InitSnake(pSnake ps)
{
    //创建5个蛇身的节点
    pSnakeNode cur = NULL;
    for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++)
    {
        cur = (pSnakeNode)malloc(sizeof(SnakeNode));
        if (cur == NULL)
        {
            perror("InitSnake():malloc()");
            return;
        }
        cur->x = POS_X + 2 * i;
        cur->y = POS_Y;
        cur->next = NULL;
        if (ps->pSnake == NULL)
        {
            ps->pSnake = cur;
        }
        else
        {
            cur->next = ps->pSnake;
            ps->pSnake = cur;
        }
    }
    //打印蛇身
    cur = ps->pSnake;
    while (cur)
    {
        SetPos(cur->x, cur->y);
        wprintf(L"%lc", L'●');
        cur = cur->next;
    }
    //贪吃蛇的其他信息初始化
    ps->dir = RIGHT;
    ps->foodweight = 10;
    ps->pFood = NULL;
    ps->Score = 0;
    ps->SleepTime = 200;
    ps->status = OK;
  
}创建打印食物
void CreateFood(pSnake ps)
{
    int x = 0;
    int y = 0;
 again:
    do
    {
        x = rand() % 53 + 2;
        y = rand() % 24 + 1;
    } while (x % 2 != 0);
    //坐标和蛇的身体的每个节点的坐标比较
    pSnakeNode cur = ps->pSnake;
    while (cur)
    {
        if (x == cur->x && y == cur->y)
        {
            goto again;
        }
        cur = cur->next;
    }
    //创建食物
    pSnakeNode pFood=(pSnakeNode)malloc(sizeof(SnakeNode));
    if (pFood == NULL)
    {
        perror("CreateFood()::mallloc()");
        return;
    }
    
    pFood->x = x;
    pFood->y = y;
    ps->pFood = pFood;
    SetPos(x, y);
    wprintf(L"%lc", L'¥');
}控制移动
void SnakeMove(pSnake ps)
{
    pSnakeNode pNext=malloc(sizeof(SnakeNode));
    if (pNext == NULL)
    {
        perror("SnakeMove()::malloc()");
        return;
    }
    pNext->next = NULL;
    switch (ps->dir)
    {
    case UP:
        pNext->x = ps->pSnake->x;
        pNext->y = ps->pSnake->y - 1;
        break;
    case DOWN:
        pNext->x = ps->pSnake->x;
        pNext->y = ps->pSnake->y + 1;
        break;
    case LEFT:
        pNext->x = ps->pSnake->x - 2;
        pNext->y = ps->pSnake->y;
        break;
    case RIGHT:
        pNext->x = ps->pSnake->x + 2;
        pNext->y = ps->pSnake->y;
        break;
    }
        //下一个坐标是否是食物
        if (NextIsFood(ps, pNext))
        {
            //是食物就吃掉
            EatFood(ps,pNext);
        }
        else
        {
            //不是食物就正常走一步
            NotEatFood(ps, pNext);
        }
        //检测撞墙
        KillByWall(ps);
        //检测撞到自己
        KillBySelf(ps);
    }
void GameRun(pSnake ps)
{
    //打印帮助信息
    PrintHelpInfo();
    //检测按键
    do
    {
        //当前的分数情况
        SetPos(65, 12);
        printf("总分:%5d\n", ps->Score);
        SetPos(65, 13);
        printf("食物的分数:%02d\n", ps->foodweight);
        //检测按键
        //上下左右,ESC,空格,F3,F4
        if (KEY_PRESS(VK_UP) && ps->dir != DOWN)
        {
            ps->dir = UP;
        }
        else if (KEY_PRESS(VK_DOWN) && ps->dir != UP)
        {
            ps->dir = DOWN;
        }
        else if (KEY_PRESS(VK_LEFT) && ps->dir != RIGHT)
        {
            ps->dir = LEFT;
        }
        else if (KEY_PRESS(VK_RIGHT) && ps->dir != LEFT)
        {
            ps->dir = RIGHT;
        }
        else if (KEY_PRESS(VK_ESCAPE))
        {
            ps->status = ESC;
            break;
        }
        else if (KEY_PRESS(VK_SPACE))
        {
            //游戏暂停
            pause();
        }
        else if (KEY_PRESS(VK_F3))
        {
            if (ps->SleepTime >= 80)
            {
                ps->SleepTime -= 30;
                ps->foodweight += 2;
            }
        }
        else if (KEY_PRESS(VK_F4))
        {
            if (ps->SleepTime <= 200)
            {
                ps->SleepTime += 30;
                ps->foodweight -= 2;
            }
        }
        //走一下
        SnakeMove(ps);
        //睡眠一下
        Sleep(ps->SleepTime);
    } while(ps->status==OK);
}吃到食物
void EatFood(pSnake ps, pSnakeNode pNext)
{
    pNext->next = ps->pSnake;
    ps->pSnake = pNext;
    //打印蛇
    pSnakeNode cur = ps->pSnake;
    while (cur)
    {
        SetPos(cur->x, cur->y);
        wprintf(L"%lc", L'●');
        cur = cur->next;
    }
    ps->Score += ps->foodweight;
    //释放旧的食物
    free(ps->pFood);
    //新建食物
    CreateFood(ps);
}没吃到食物
void NotEatFood(pSnake ps, pSnakeNode pNext)
{
    pNext->next = ps->pSnake;
    ps->pSnake = pNext;
    pSnakeNode cur = ps->pSnake;
    while (cur->next->next )
    {
        SetPos(cur->x, cur->y);
        wprintf(L"%lc", L'●');
        cur = cur->next;
    }
    
    //将尾节点的位置打印成空白字符
    SetPos(cur->next->x, cur->next->y);
    printf("  ");
    free(cur->next);
    cur->next = NULL;
}撞墙
//检测撞墙
void KillByWall(pSnake ps)
{
    if (ps->pSnake->x == 0 || ps->pSnake->x == 56||ps->pSnake->y==0||ps->pSnake->y==26)
    {
        ps->status = KILL_BY_WALL;
    }
}撞到蛇身
//检测撞到自己
void KillBySelf(pSnake ps)
{
    pSnakeNode cur = ps->pSnake->next;
    while (cur)
    {
        if (cur->x == ps->pSnake->x && cur->y == ps->pSnake->y)
        {
            ps->status = KILL_BY_SELF;
            return;
        }
        cur = cur->next;
    }
}结束界面
void GameEnd(pSnake ps)
{
    SetPos(20, 15);
    switch (ps->status)
    {
    case ESC:
        printf("主动退出游戏,正常退出\n");
        break;
    case KILL_BY_WALL:
        printf("很遗憾,撞墙了,游戏结束\n");
        break;
    case KILL_BY_SELF:
        printf("很遗憾,撞到自己了,游戏结束\n");
        break;
    }
    //释放资源
    pSnakeNode cur = ps->pSnake;
    pSnakeNode del = ps->pSnake;
    while (cur)
    {
        del = cur;
        cur = cur->next;
        free(del);
    }
    free(ps->pFood);
    ps->pSnake = NULL;
}完整的代码
snake.h
#pragma once
#include<locale.h>
#include<stdlib.h>
#include<stdio.h>
#include<windows.h>
#include<stdbool.h>
//蛇默认的起始坐标
#define POS_X 24
#define POS_Y 5
#define KEY_PRESS(VK)   ( (GetAsyncKeyState(VK) & 0x1) ? 1 : 0 )
enum GAME_STAYUS
{
	OK=1,	
	ESC,
	KILL_BY_WALL,
	KILL_BY_SELF
};
enum DIRECTION
{
	UP=1,
	DOWN,
	LEFT,
	RIGHT
};
//蛇身节点的定义
typedef struct SnakeNode
{
	int x;
	int y;
	struct SnakeNode* next;
}SnakeNode,* pSnakeNode;
//整个蛇
typedef struct Snake
{
	//维护这条蛇的指针
	pSnakeNode pSnake;
	//指向食物的指针
	pSnakeNode pFood;
	int Score;//累计分数
	int foodweight;//一个食物的分数
	int SleepTime;//休眠的时间,休眠的时间越短,蛇的速度越快
	enum GAME_STATUS status;//游戏当前的状态
	enum DIRECTION dir;//蛇当前走的方向
}Snake,*pSnake;
//定位控制台的光标位置
void SetPos(int x, int y);
//游戏开始前的准备
void GameStart(pSnake ps);
//打印欢迎界面
void WelcomeToGame();
//绘制地图
void CreateMap();
//初始化贪吃蛇
void InitSnake(pSnake ps);
//创建食物
void CreateFood(pSnake ps);
//游戏运行的整个逻辑
void GameRun(pSnake ps);
//打印帮助信息
void PrintHelpInfo();
//蛇移动的函数—每次走一步
void SnakeMove(pSnake ps);
//判断蛇头的下一步要走的位置处是否是食物
int NextIsFood(pSnake ps, pSnakeNode pNext);
//下一步要走的位置是食物
void EatFood(pSnake ps, pSnakeNode pNext);
//下一步要走的位置不是食物
void NotEatFood(pSnake ps, pSnakeNode pNext);
//检测撞墙
void KillByWall(pSnake ps);
//检测撞到自己
void KillBySelf(pSnake ps);
//游戏结束的资源释放
void GameEnd(pSnake ps);snake.c
#define _CRT_SECURE_NO_WARNINGS 1
#include"snake.h"
//设置光标的坐标 
void SetPos(int x, int y)
{
    //获得设备句柄
    HANDLE handle = GetStdHandle(STD_OUTPUT_HANDLE);
    //根据句柄设置光标的位置
    COORD pos = { x, y };
    SetConsoleCursorPosition(handle, pos);
}
void WelcomeToGame()
{
    SetPos(38, 15);
    printf("欢迎来到贪吃蛇小游戏\n");
    SetPos(39, 23);
    system("pause");
    system("cls");
    SetPos(23, 10);
    printf("用↑. ↓. ←. →来控制蛇的移动,F3是加速,F4是减速\n");
    SetPos(23, 11);
    printf("加速能得到更高的分数");
    SetPos(39, 23);
    system("pause");
    system("cls");
}
void CreateMap()
{
    //上
    SetPos(0, 0);
    for (int i = 0; i <= 56; i += 2)
    {
        wprintf(L"%lc",L'□');
    }
    //下
    SetPos(0, 26);
    for (int i = 0; i <= 56; i += 2)
    {
        wprintf(L"%lc", L'□');
    }
    //左
    for (int i = 1; i <= 25; i ++)
    {
        SetPos(0, i);
        wprintf(L"%lc", L'□');
    }
    //右
    for (int i = 1; i <= 25; i++)
    {
        SetPos(56, i);
        wprintf(L"%lc", L'□');
    }
}
void InitSnake(pSnake ps)
{
    //创建5个蛇身的节点
    pSnakeNode cur = NULL;
    for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++)
    {
        cur = (pSnakeNode)malloc(sizeof(SnakeNode));
        if (cur == NULL)
        {
            perror("InitSnake():malloc()");
            return;
        }
        cur->x = POS_X + 2 * i;
        cur->y = POS_Y;
        cur->next = NULL;
        if (ps->pSnake == NULL)
        {
            ps->pSnake = cur;
        }
        else
        {
            cur->next = ps->pSnake;
            ps->pSnake = cur;
        }
    }
    //打印蛇身
    cur = ps->pSnake;
    while (cur)
    {
        SetPos(cur->x, cur->y);
        wprintf(L"%lc", L'●');
        cur = cur->next;
    }
    //贪吃蛇的其他信息初始化
    ps->dir = RIGHT;
    ps->foodweight = 10;
    ps->pFood = NULL;
    ps->Score = 0;
    ps->SleepTime = 200;
    ps->status = OK;
  
}
void CreateFood(pSnake ps)
{
    int x = 0;
    int y = 0;
 again:
    do
    {
        x = rand() % 53 + 2;
        y = rand() % 24 + 1;
    } while (x % 2 != 0);
    //坐标和蛇的身体的每个节点的坐标比较
    pSnakeNode cur = ps->pSnake;
    while (cur)
    {
        if (x == cur->x && y == cur->y)
        {
            goto again;
        }
        cur = cur->next;
    }
    //创建食物
    pSnakeNode pFood=(pSnakeNode)malloc(sizeof(SnakeNode));
    if (pFood == NULL)
    {
        perror("CreateFood()::mallloc()");
        return;
    }
    
    pFood->x = x;
    pFood->y = y;
    ps->pFood = pFood;
    SetPos(x, y);
    wprintf(L"%lc", L'¥');
}
void GameStart(pSnake ps)
{
    //设置控制台的信息
    system("mode con cols=100 lines=30");
    system("title 贪吃蛇");
    //隐藏光标
    HANDLE handle=GetStdHandle(STD_OUTPUT_HANDLE);
    //获取控制台光标信息
    CONSOLE_CURSOR_INFO CursorInfo;
    GetConsoleCursorInfo(handle, &CursorInfo);
    CursorInfo.bVisible = false;
    SetConsoleCursorInfo(handle, &CursorInfo);
    //欢迎界面
    WelcomeToGame();
    //绘制地图
    CreateMap();
    //初始化蛇
    InitSnake(ps);
    //创建食物
    CreateFood(ps);
}
void PrintHelpInfo()
{
    SetPos(65, 15);
    printf("不能穿墙,不能咬到自己");
    SetPos(65, 16);
    printf("用↑. ↓. ←. →来控制蛇的移动");
    SetPos(65, 17);
    printf("F3是加速,F4是减速");
    SetPos(65, 20);
    printf("版权@lanll");
}
void pause()
{
    while (1)
    {
        Sleep(100);
        if (KEY_PRESS(VK_SPACE))
        {
            break;
        }
    }
}
int NextIsFood(pSnake ps, pSnakeNode pNext)
{
    if (ps->pFood->x == pNext->x && ps->pFood->y == pNext->y)
        return 1;//下一个坐标初是食物
    else
        return 0;
}
void EatFood(pSnake ps, pSnakeNode pNext)
{
    pNext->next = ps->pSnake;
    ps->pSnake = pNext;
    //打印蛇
    pSnakeNode cur = ps->pSnake;
    while (cur)
    {
        SetPos(cur->x, cur->y);
        wprintf(L"%lc", L'●');
        cur = cur->next;
    }
    ps->Score += ps->foodweight;
    //释放旧的食物
    free(ps->pFood);
    //新建食物
    CreateFood(ps);
}
void NotEatFood(pSnake ps, pSnakeNode pNext)
{
    pNext->next = ps->pSnake;
    ps->pSnake = pNext;
    pSnakeNode cur = ps->pSnake;
    while (cur->next->next )
    {
        SetPos(cur->x, cur->y);
        wprintf(L"%lc", L'●');
        cur = cur->next;
    }
    
    //将尾节点的位置打印成空白字符
    SetPos(cur->next->x, cur->next->y);
    printf("  ");
    free(cur->next);
    cur->next = NULL;
}
//检测撞墙
void KillByWall(pSnake ps)
{
    if (ps->pSnake->x == 0 || ps->pSnake->x == 56||ps->pSnake->y==0||ps->pSnake->y==26)
    {
        ps->status = KILL_BY_WALL;
    }
}
//检测撞到自己
void KillBySelf(pSnake ps)
{
    pSnakeNode cur = ps->pSnake->next;
    while (cur)
    {
        if (cur->x == ps->pSnake->x && cur->y == ps->pSnake->y)
        {
            ps->status = KILL_BY_SELF;
            return;
        }
        cur = cur->next;
    }
}
void SnakeMove(pSnake ps)
{
    pSnakeNode pNext=malloc(sizeof(SnakeNode));
    if (pNext == NULL)
    {
        perror("SnakeMove()::malloc()");
        return;
    }
    pNext->next = NULL;
    switch (ps->dir)
    {
    case UP:
        pNext->x = ps->pSnake->x;
        pNext->y = ps->pSnake->y - 1;
        break;
    case DOWN:
        pNext->x = ps->pSnake->x;
        pNext->y = ps->pSnake->y + 1;
        break;
    case LEFT:
        pNext->x = ps->pSnake->x - 2;
        pNext->y = ps->pSnake->y;
        break;
    case RIGHT:
        pNext->x = ps->pSnake->x + 2;
        pNext->y = ps->pSnake->y;
        break;
    }
        //下一个坐标是否是食物
        if (NextIsFood(ps, pNext))
        {
            //是食物就吃掉
            EatFood(ps,pNext);
        }
        else
        {
            //不是食物就正常走一步
            NotEatFood(ps, pNext);
        }
        //检测撞墙
        KillByWall(ps);
        //检测撞到自己
        KillBySelf(ps);
    }
void GameRun(pSnake ps)
{
    //打印帮助信息
    PrintHelpInfo();
    //检测按键
    do
    {
        //当前的分数情况
        SetPos(65, 12);
        printf("总分:%5d\n", ps->Score);
        SetPos(65, 13);
        printf("食物的分数:%02d\n", ps->foodweight);
        //检测按键
        //上下左右,ESC,空格,F3,F4
        if (KEY_PRESS(VK_UP) && ps->dir != DOWN)
        {
            ps->dir = UP;
        }
        else if (KEY_PRESS(VK_DOWN) && ps->dir != UP)
        {
            ps->dir = DOWN;
        }
        else if (KEY_PRESS(VK_LEFT) && ps->dir != RIGHT)
        {
            ps->dir = LEFT;
        }
        else if (KEY_PRESS(VK_RIGHT) && ps->dir != LEFT)
        {
            ps->dir = RIGHT;
        }
        else if (KEY_PRESS(VK_ESCAPE))
        {
            ps->status = ESC;
            break;
        }
        else if (KEY_PRESS(VK_SPACE))
        {
            //游戏暂停
            pause();
        }
        else if (KEY_PRESS(VK_F3))
        {
            if (ps->SleepTime >= 80)
            {
                ps->SleepTime -= 30;
                ps->foodweight += 2;
            }
        }
        else if (KEY_PRESS(VK_F4))
        {
            if (ps->SleepTime <= 200)
            {
                ps->SleepTime += 30;
                ps->foodweight -= 2;
            }
        }
        //走一下
        SnakeMove(ps);
        //睡眠一下
        Sleep(ps->SleepTime);
    } while(ps->status==OK);
}
void GameEnd(pSnake ps)
{
    SetPos(20, 15);
    switch (ps->status)
    {
    case ESC:
        printf("主动退出游戏,正常退出\n");
        break;
    case KILL_BY_WALL:
        printf("很遗憾,撞墙了,游戏结束\n");
        break;
    case KILL_BY_SELF:
        printf("很遗憾,撞到自己了,游戏结束\n");
        break;
    }
    //释放资源
    pSnakeNode cur = ps->pSnake;
    pSnakeNode del = ps->pSnake;
    while (cur)
    {
        del = cur;
        cur = cur->next;
        free(del);
    }
    free(ps->pFood);
    ps->pSnake = NULL;
}test.c
#define _CRT_SECURE_NO_WARNINGS 1
#include"snake.h"
void test()
{
	int ch = 0;
	do
	{
		//创建贪吃蛇
		Snake snake = { 0 };
		GameStart(&snake);
		GameRun(&snake);
		GameEnd(&snake);
		SetPos(20, 15);
		printf("再来一局吗?(Y/N)");
		ch=getchar();
		getchar();
	} while (ch=='Y'||ch=='y');
}
int main()
{
	//修改适配本地中文环境
	setlocale(LC_ALL,"");
	test();
	SetPos(0,27);
	return 0;
}效果展示:

 

 










