项目初始化
DRF框架文档链接：
http://www.sinodocs.cn/
安装
使用pip安装, 包括任何你想要安装的可选的包…
pip install djangorestframework
pip install markdown # Markdown support for the browsable API.
pip install django-filter # Filtering support
...或者从github上克隆项目
git clone https://github.com/encode/django-rest-framework
添加’rest_framework’ 到你的 INSTALLED_APPS 设置中
INSTALLED_APPS = (
...
'rest_framework',
)
如果你想要使用可浏览的API, 或许你也想使用REST framework的登录和登出功能。 添加以下内容到你的项目根目录的 urls.py 文件中
urlpatterns = [
...
url(r'^api-auth/', include('rest_framework.urls'))
]
注意 URL可以设置成任何你想要的路径
示例：
让我们来看一个使用 REST framework 构建简单的基于模型的 API的快速示例。
我们将要构建一个可以读写的API，用于访问我们项目中的用户信息。
所有对于REST framework API的全局配置，都被保存在一个单独的字典对象中： REST_FRAMEWORK。 首先，将下面的内容添加到settings.py 模块中:
REST_FRAMEWORK = {
# Use Django's standard `django.contrib.auth` permissions,
# or allow read-only access for unauthenticated users.
'DEFAULT_PERMISSION_CLASSES': [
'rest_framework.permissions.DjangoModelPermissionsOrAnonReadOnly'
]
}不要忘记确保你已经把 rest_framework 添加到 INSTALLED_APPS中。
现在，我们要开始构建API了。 这是我们项目里根目录下的 urls.py 模块的内容:
from django.conf.urls import url, include
from django.contrib.auth.models import User
from rest_framework import routers, serializers, viewsets
# Serializers define the API representation.
class UserSerializer(serializers.HyperlinkedModelSerializer):
class Meta:
model = User
fields = ('url', 'username', 'email', 'is_staff')
# ViewSets define the view behavior.
class UserViewSet(viewsets.ModelViewSet):
queryset = User.objects.all()
serializer_class = UserSerializer
# Routers provide an easy way of automatically determining the URL conf.
router = routers.DefaultRouter()
router.register(r'users', UserViewSet)
# Wire up our API using automatic URL routing.
# Additionally, we include login URLs for the browsable API.
urlpatterns = [
url(r'^', include(router.urls)),
url(r'^api-auth/', include('rest_framework.urls', namespace='rest_framework'))
]
现在，在浏览器中打开 http://127.0.0.1:8000/, 访问新构建的 ‘users’ API. 使用右上角的登录控制，便可以直接实现添加、创建和删除用户了。
项目整体目录结构
** 格式化文件夹类型：**
配置settings文件
# 项目路径配置
BASE_DIR = os.path.dirname(os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__)))
sys.path.insert(0, BASE_DIR)
sys.path.insert(0, os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'apps')) # 自定义文件夹
sys.path.insert(0, os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'extra_apps'))
# 数据库配置
DATABASES = {
'default': {
'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.mysql',
'NAME': "mxshop",
'USER': 'root',
'PASSWORD': "123456",
'HOST': "59.110.163.113",
'OPTIONS': { 'init_command': 'SET default_storage_engine=INNODB;' } # 防止默认的migrate出现字符问题
}
}
python库配置
django
pillow
# 此处代替原来的pymysql包，原有的包不支持py3
mysqlclient
djangorestframework-jwt
djangorestframework
markdown
django-filter
django-crispy-forms
django-reversion
django-formtools
future
httplib2
six
requests
coreapi
django-cors-headers
xlwt
xlsxwriter
drf-extensions
django-redis
pycryptodome
raven
user models设计
app创建：
python3 manage.py startapp app名称
models文件：
class UserProfile(AbstractUser):
"""
用户
"""
name = models.CharField(max_length=30, null=True, blank=True, verbose_name="姓名")
birthday = models.DateField(null=True, blank=True, verbose_name="出生年月")
gender = models.CharField(max_length=6, choices=(("male", u"男"), ("female", "女")), default="female", verbose_name="性别")
mobile = models.CharField(null=True, blank=True, max_length=11, verbose_name="电话")
email = models.EmailField(max_length=100, null=True, blank=True, verbose_name="邮箱")
class Meta:
verbose_name = "用户"
verbose_name_plural = verbose_name
def __str__(self):
return self.username
class VerifyCode(models.Model):
"""
短信验证码(可用redis数据库来代替)
"""
code = models.CharField(max_length=10, verbose_name="验证码")
mobile = models.CharField(max_length=11, verbose_name="电话")
add_time = models.DateTimeField(default=datetime.now, verbose_name="添加时间")
class Meta:
verbose_name = "短信验证码"
verbose_name_plural = verbose_name
def __str__(self):
return self.code
注：同时需修改settings文件：
AUTH_USER_MODEL = 'users.UserProfile' # 重写原有的用户model类
goods的model设计
class GoodsCategory(models.Model):
"""
商品类别
"""
CATEGORY_TYPE = (
(1, "一级类目"),
(2, "二级类目"),
(3, "三级类目"),
)
name = models.CharField(default="", max_length=30, verbose_name="类别名", help_text="类别名")
code = models.CharField(default="", max_length=30, verbose_name="类别code", help_text="类别code")
desc = models.TextField(default="", verbose_name="类别描述", help_text="类别描述")
category_type = models.IntegerField(choices=CATEGORY_TYPE, verbose_name="类目级别", help_text="类目级别")
parent_category = models.ForeignKey("self", null=True, blank=True, verbose_name="父类目级别", help_text="父目录",
related_name="sub_cat")
is_tab = models.BooleanField(default=False, verbose_name="是否导航", help_text="是否导航")
add_time = models.DateTimeField(default=datetime.now, verbose_name="添加时间")
class Meta:
verbose_name = "商品类别"
verbose_name_plural = verbose_name
def __str__(self):
return self.name
class GoodsCategoryBrand(models.Model):
"""
品牌名
"""
category = models.ForeignKey(GoodsCategory, related_name='brands', null=True, blank=True, verbose_name="商品类目")
name = models.CharField(default="", max_length=30, verbose_name="品牌名", help_text="品牌名")
desc = models.TextField(default="", max_length=200, verbose_name="品牌描述", help_text="品牌描述")
image = models.ImageField(max_length=200, upload_to="brands/")
add_time = models.DateTimeField(default=datetime.now, verbose_name="添加时间")
class Meta:
verbose_name = "品牌"
verbose_name_plural = verbose_name
db_table = "goods_goodsbrand"
def __str__(self):
return self.name
class Goods(models.Model):
"""
商品
"""
category = models.ForeignKey(GoodsCategory, verbose_name="商品类目")
goods_sn = models.CharField(max_length=50, default="", verbose_name="商品唯一货号")
name = models.CharField(max_length=100, verbose_name="商品名")
click_num = models.IntegerField(default=0, verbose_name="点击数")
sold_num = models.IntegerField(default=0, verbose_name="商品销售量")
fav_num = models.IntegerField(default=0, verbose_name="收藏数")
goods_num = models.IntegerField(default=0, verbose_name="库存数")
market_price = models.FloatField(default=0, verbose_name="市场价格")
shop_price = models.FloatField(default=0, verbose_name="本店价格")
goods_brief = models.TextField(max_length=500, verbose_name="商品简短描述")
goods_desc = UEditorField(verbose_name=u"内容", imagePath="goods/images/", width=1000, height=300,
filePath="goods/files/", default='')
ship_free = models.BooleanField(default=True, verbose_name="是否承担运费")
goods_front_image = models.ImageField(upload_to="goods/images/", null=True, blank=True, verbose_name="封面图")
is_new = models.BooleanField(default=False, verbose_name="是否新品")
is_hot = models.BooleanField(default=False, verbose_name="是否热销")
add_time = models.DateTimeField(default=datetime.now, verbose_name="添加时间")
class Meta:
verbose_name = '商品'
verbose_name_plural = verbose_name
def __str__(self):
return self.name
class IndexAd(models.Model):
category = models.ForeignKey(GoodsCategory, related_name='category',verbose_name="商品类目")
goods =models.ForeignKey(Goods, related_name='goods')
class Meta:
verbose_name = '首页商品类别广告'
verbose_name_plural = verbose_name
def __str__(self):
return self.goods.name
class GoodsImage(models.Model):
"""
商品轮播图
"""
goods = models.ForeignKey(Goods, verbose_name="商品", related_name="images")
image = models.ImageField(upload_to="", verbose_name="图片", null=True, blank=True)
add_time = models.DateTimeField(default=datetime.now, verbose_name="添加时间")
class Meta:
verbose_name = '商品图片'
verbose_name_plural = verbose_name
def __str__(self):
return self.goods.name
class Banner(models.Model):
"""
轮播的商品
"""
goods = models.ForeignKey(Goods, verbose_name="商品")
image = models.ImageField(upload_to='banner', verbose_name="轮播图片")
index = models.IntegerField(default=0, verbose_name="轮播顺序")
add_time = models.DateTimeField(default=datetime.now, verbose_name="添加时间")
class Meta:
verbose_name = '轮播商品'
verbose_name_plural = verbose_name
def __str__(self):
return self.goods.name
trade交易的model设计
from django.db import models
from django.contrib.auth import get_user_model
from goods.models import Goods
User = get_user_model()
class ShoppingCart(models.Model):
"""
购物车
"""
user = models.ForeignKey(User, verbose_name=u"用户")
goods = models.ForeignKey(Goods, verbose_name=u"商品")
nums = models.IntegerField(default=0, verbose_name="购买数量")
add_time = models.DateTimeField(default=datetime.now, verbose_name=u"添加时间")
class Meta:
verbose_name = '购物车'
verbose_name_plural = verbose_name
unique_together = ("user", "goods")
def __str__(self):
return "%s(%d)".format(self.goods.name, self.nums)
class OrderInfo(models.Model):
"""
订单
"""
ORDER_STATUS = (
("TRADE_SUCCESS", "成功"),
("TRADE_CLOSED", "超时关闭"),
("WAIT_BUYER_PAY", "交易创建"),
("TRADE_FINISHED", "交易结束"),
("paying", "待支付"),
)
user = models.ForeignKey(User, verbose_name="用户")
order_sn = models.CharField(max_length=30, null=True, blank=True, unique=True, verbose_name="订单号")
trade_no = models.CharField(max_length=100, unique=True, null=True, blank=True, verbose_name=u"交易号")
pay_status = models.CharField(choices=ORDER_STATUS, default="paying", max_length=30, verbose_name="订单状态")
post_script = models.CharField(max_length=200, verbose_name="订单留言")
order_mount = models.FloatField(default=0.0, verbose_name="订单金额")
pay_time = models.DateTimeField(null=True, blank=True, verbose_name="支付时间")
# 用户信息
address = models.CharField(max_length=100, default="", verbose_name="收货地址")
signer_name = models.CharField(max_length=20, default="", verbose_name="签收人")
singer_mobile = models.CharField(max_length=11, verbose_name="联系电话")
add_time = models.DateTimeField(default=datetime.now, verbose_name="添加时间")
class Meta:
verbose_name = u"订单"
verbose_name_plural = verbose_name
def __str__(self):
return str(self.order_sn)
class OrderGoods(models.Model):
"""
订单的商品详情
"""
order = models.ForeignKey(OrderInfo, verbose_name="订单信息", related_name="goods")
goods = models.ForeignKey(Goods, verbose_name="商品")
goods_num = models.IntegerField(default=0, verbose_name="商品数量")
add_time = models.DateTimeField(default=datetime.now, verbose_name="添加时间")
class Meta:
verbose_name = "订单商品"
verbose_name_plural = verbose_name
def __str__(self):
return str(self.order.order_sn)
用户操作的model设计
from django.contrib.auth import get_user_model
from goods.models import Goods
# Create your models here.
User = get_user_model()
class UserFav(models.Model):
"""
用户收藏
"""
user = models.ForeignKey(User, verbose_name="用户")
goods = models.ForeignKey(Goods, verbose_name="商品", help_text="商品id")
add_time = models.DateTimeField(default=datetime.now, verbose_name=u"添加时间")
class Meta:
verbose_name = '用户收藏'
verbose_name_plural = verbose_name
unique_together = ("user", "goods")
def __str__(self):
return self.user.username
class UserLeavingMessage(models.Model):
"""
用户留言
"""
MESSAGE_CHOICES = (
(1, "留言"),
(2, "投诉"),
(3, "询问"),
(4, "售后"),
(5, "求购")
)
user = models.ForeignKey(User, verbose_name="用户")
message_type = models.IntegerField(default=1, choices=MESSAGE_CHOICES, verbose_name="留言类型",
help_text=u"留言类型: 1(留言),2(投诉),3(询问),4(售后),5(求购)")
subject = models.CharField(max_length=100, default="", verbose_name="主题")
message = models.TextField(default="", verbose_name="留言内容", help_text="留言内容")
file = models.FileField(upload_to="message/images/", verbose_name="上传的文件", help_text="上传的文件")
add_time = models.DateTimeField(default=datetime.now, verbose_name="添加时间")
class Meta:
verbose_name = "用户留言"
verbose_name_plural = verbose_name
def __str__(self):
return self.subject
class UserAddress(models.Model):
"""
用户收货地址
"""
user = models.ForeignKey(User, verbose_name="用户" )
province = models.CharField(max_length=100, default="", verbose_name="省份")
city = models.CharField(max_length=100, default="", verbose_name="城市")
district = models.CharField(max_length=100, default="", verbose_name="区域")
address = models.CharField(max_length=100, default="", verbose_name="详细地址")
signer_name = models.CharField(max_length=100, default="", verbose_name="签收人")
signer_mobile = models.CharField(max_length=11, default="", verbose_name="电话")
add_time = models.DateTimeField(default=datetime.now, verbose_name="添加时间")
class Meta:
verbose_name = "收货地址"
verbose_name_plural = verbose_name
def __str__(self):
return self.address
migrations原理及表生成
settings配置文件：
INSTALLED_APPS = [
'users.apps.UsersConfig',
'DjangoUeditor',
'goods.apps.GoodsConfig',
'trade.apps.TradeConfig',
'user_operation.apps.UserOperationConfig',
]
# 完成数据库表的生成
python manage.py makemigrations
python manage.py migrate
xadmin后台管理系统的配置
xadmin源码下载：
https://github.com/sshwsfc/xadmin
settings文件配置：
INSTALLED_APPS = [
'crispy_forms',
'django_filters',
'xadmin',
]
注：使用官方的xadmin存在一些bug，建议使用修复后的xadmin源码
将model注册到adminx.py文件:
goods模块中的adminx文件：
import xadmin
from .models import Goods, GoodsCategory, GoodsImage, GoodsCategoryBrand, Banner, HotSearchWords
from .models import IndexAd
class GoodsAdmin(object):
list_display = ["name", "click_num", "sold_num", "fav_num", "goods_num", "market_price",
"shop_price", "goods_brief", "goods_desc", "is_new", "is_hot", "add_time"]
search_fields = ['name', ]
list_editable = ["is_hot", ]
list_filter = ["name", "click_num", "sold_num", "fav_num", "goods_num", "market_price",
"shop_price", "is_new", "is_hot", "add_time", "category__name"]
style_fields = {"goods_desc": "ueditor"}
class GoodsImagesInline(object):
model = GoodsImage
exclude = ["add_time"]
extra = 1
style = 'tab'
inlines = [GoodsImagesInline]
class GoodsCategoryAdmin(object):
list_display = ["name", "category_type", "parent_category", "add_time"]
list_filter = ["category_type", "parent_category", "name"]
search_fields = ['name', ]
class GoodsBrandAdmin(object):
list_display = ["category", "image", "name", "desc"]
def get_context(self):
context = super(GoodsBrandAdmin, self).get_context()
if 'form' in context:
context['form'].fields['category'].queryset = GoodsCategory.objects.filter(category_type=1)
return context
class BannerGoodsAdmin(object):
list_display = ["goods", "image", "index"]
class HotSearchAdmin(object):
list_display = ["keywords", "index", "add_time"]
class IndexAdAdmin(object):
list_display = ["category", "goods"]
xadmin.site.register(Goods, GoodsAdmin)
xadmin.site.register(GoodsCategory, GoodsCategoryAdmin)
xadmin.site.register(Banner, BannerGoodsAdmin)
xadmin.site.register(GoodsCategoryBrand, GoodsBrandAdmin)
xadmin.site.register(HotSearchWords, HotSearchAdmin)
xadmin.site.register(IndexAd, IndexAdAdmin)
trade模块中的adminx文件：
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
__author__ = 'bobby'
import xadmin
from .models import ShoppingCart, OrderInfo, OrderGoods
class ShoppingCartAdmin(object):
list_display = ["user", "goods", "nums", ]
class OrderInfoAdmin(object):
list_display = ["user", "order_sn", "trade_no", "pay_status", "post_script", "order_mount",
"order_mount", "pay_time", "add_time"]
class OrderGoodsInline(object):
model = OrderGoods
exclude = ['add_time', ]
extra = 1
style = 'tab'
inlines = [OrderGoodsInline, ]
xadmin.site.register(ShoppingCart, ShoppingCartAdmin)
xadmin.site.register(OrderInfo, OrderInfoAdmin)
user_operation模块中的adminx文件：
import xadmin
from .models import UserFav, UserLeavingMessage, UserAddress
class UserFavAdmin(object):
list_display = ['user', 'goods', "add_time"]
class UserLeavingMessageAdmin(object):
list_display = ['user', 'message_type', "message", "add_time"]
class UserAddressAdmin(object):
list_display = ["signer_name", "signer_mobile", "district", "address"]
xadmin.site.register(UserFav, UserFavAdmin)
xadmin.site.register(UserAddress, UserAddressAdmin)
xadmin.site.register(UserLeavingMessage, UserLeavingMessageAdmin)
users模块中的adminx文件
import xadmin
from xadmin import views
from .models import VerifyCode
class BaseSetting(object):
enable_themes = True
use_bootswatch = True
class GlobalSettings(object):
site_title = "慕学生鲜后台"
site_footer = "mxshop"
# menu_style = "accordion"
class VerifyCodeAdmin(object):
list_display = ['code', 'mobile', "add_time"]
xadmin.site.register(VerifyCode, VerifyCodeAdmin)
xadmin.site.register(views.BaseAdminView, BaseSetting)
xadmin.site.register(views.CommAdminView, GlobalSettings)
配置app模块中的apps.py：
goods模块：
from django.apps import AppConfig
class GoodsConfig(AppConfig):
name = 'goods'
verbose_name = "商品"
trade模块：
from django.apps import AppConfig
class TradeConfig(AppConfig):
name = 'trade'
verbose_name = "交易管理"
useroperation模块：
from django.apps import AppConfig
class UserOperationConfig(AppConfig):
name = 'user_operation'
verbose_name = "用户操作管理"
def ready(self):
import user_operation.signals
user模块：
from django.apps import AppConfig
class UsersConfig(AppConfig):
name = 'users'
verbose_name = "用户管理"
def ready(self):
import users.signals
配置urls：
urlpatterns = [
url(r'^xadmin/', xadmin.site.urls),
]
创建超级用户
python manage.py create superuser
导入商品数据
数据导入可分为2种方式：
1、采用mysql数据库的sql文件导入
2、采用Django操作数据库来完成数据导入：
以商品数据导入举例：
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
__author__ = 'bobby'
#独立使用django的model
import sys
import os
pwd = os.path.dirname(os.path.realpath(__file__))
sys.path.append(pwd+"../")
os.environ.setdefault("DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE", "MxShop.settings")
import django
django.setup()
from goods.models import GoodsCategory
from db_tools.data.category_data import row_data
for lev1_cat in row_data: # 参考下一段落的代码
lev1_intance = GoodsCategory()
lev1_intance.code = lev1_cat["code"]
lev1_intance.name = lev1_cat["name"]
lev1_intance.category_type = 1
lev1_intance.save()
for lev2_cat in lev1_cat["sub_categorys"]:
lev2_intance = GoodsCategory()
lev2_intance.code = lev2_cat["code"]
lev2_intance.name = lev2_cat["name"]
lev2_intance.category_type = 2
lev2_intance.parent_category = lev1_intance
lev2_intance.save()
for lev3_cat in lev2_cat["sub_categorys"]:
lev3_intance = GoodsCategory()
lev3_intance.code = lev3_cat["code"]
lev3_intance.name = lev3_cat["name"]
lev3_intance.category_type = 3
lev3_intance.parent_category = lev2_intance
lev3_intance.save()
导入的数据文件row_data：
#!/usr/bin/env python
# encoding: utf-8
row_data = [
{
'sub_categorys': [
{
'sub_categorys': [
{
'code': 'yr',
'name': '羊肉'
},
{
'code': 'ql',
'name': '禽类'
},
{
'code': 'zr',
'name': '猪肉'
},
{
'code': 'nr',
'name': '牛肉'
}
],
'code': 'jprl',
'name': '精品肉类'
},
{
'sub_categorys': [
{
'code': 'cb',
'name': '参鲍'
},
{
'code': 'yu',
'name': '鱼'
},
{
'code': 'xia',
'name': '虾'
},
{
'code': 'xb',
'name': '蟹/贝'
}
],
'code': 'hxsc',
'name': '海鲜水产'
},
{
'sub_categorys': [
{
'code': 'xhd_xyd',
'name': '松花蛋/咸鸭蛋'
},
{
'code': 'jd',
'name': '鸡蛋'
}
],
'code': 'dzp',
'name': '蛋制品'
},
{
'sub_categorys': [
{
'code': 'sc',
'name': '生菜'
},
{
'code': 'bc',
'name': '菠菜'
},
{
'code': 'yj',
'name': '圆椒'
},
{
'code': 'xlh',
'name': '西兰花'
}
],
'code': 'ycl',
'name': '叶菜类'
},
{
'sub_categorys': [
],
'code': 'gjl',
'name': '根茎类'
},
{
'sub_categorys': [
],
'code': 'qgl',
'name': '茄果类'
},
{
'sub_categorys': [
],
'code': 'jgl',
'name': '菌菇类'
},
{
'sub_categorys': [
],
'code': 'jksx',
'name': '进口生鲜'
}
],
'code': 'sxsp',
'name': '生鲜食品'
},
]
