文件过滤命令

一、

1、“|"管道符

[root@yyds <sub>]# cat ./abc.txt
Steve Blenheim:238-923-7366:95 Latham Lane, Easton, PA83755:11/12/56:20300
Betty Boop:245-836-8357:635 Cutesy Lane, Hollywood, CA 91464:6/23/23:14500
Igor Chevsky:385-375-8395:3567 Populus Place, Caldwell, NJ 23875:6/18/68:23400
Norma Corder:397-857-2735:74 Pine Street, Dearborn, MI23874:3/28/45:245700

Jennifer Cowan:548-834-2348:583 Laurel Ave., Kingsville, TX 83745:10/1/35:58900
Jon DeLoach:408-253-3122:123 Park St., San Jose, CA 04086:7/25/53:85100
Karen Evich:284-758-2857:23 Edgecliff Place, Lincoln, NB 92086:7/25/53:85100
Karen Evich:284-758-2867:23 edgecliff Place, lincoln, NB 92743:11/3/35:58200
Karen Evich:284-758-2867:23 EdgEcliff Place, LinColn, NB 92743:11/3/35:58200
Fred Fardbarkle:674-843-1385:20 Parak Lane, DeLuth, MN 23850:4/12/23:780900
[root@yyds </sub>]# cat ./abc.txt | grep '.' -n  ./abc.txt 
1:Steve Blenheim:238-923-7366:95 Latham Lane, Easton, PA83755:11/12/56:20300
2:Betty Boop:245-836-8357:635 Cutesy Lane, Hollywood, CA 91464:6/23/23:14500
3:Igor Chevsky:385-375-8395:3567 Populus Place, Caldwell, NJ 23875:6/18/68:23400
4:Norma Corder:397-857-2735:74 Pine Street, Dearborn, MI23874:3/28/45:245700
6:Jennifer Cowan:548-834-2348:583 Laurel Ave., Kingsville, TX 83745:10/1/35:58900
7:Jon DeLoach:408-253-3122:123 Park St., San Jose, CA 04086:7/25/53:85100
8:Karen Evich:284-758-2857:23 Edgecliff Place, Lincoln, NB 92086:7/25/53:85100
9:Karen Evich:284-758-2867:23 edgecliff Place, lincoln, NB 92743:11/3/35:58200
10:Karen Evich:284-758-2867:23 EdgEcliff Place, LinColn, NB 92743:11/3/35:58200
11:Fred Fardbarkle:674-843-1385:20 Parak Lane, DeLuth, MN 23850:4/

2、grep:过滤输出内容

（1）要过滤的标注部分

^ ;以...开头，如：^a,以a开头
_$:以..结尾， 如：b$,以结尾
*：匹配*前面内容至少0次或多少。
.:匹配任意字符

（2）选项

#选项：
-n：打印行号 number
-A：after 查看过滤内容的后N行
-B：before 查看过滤内容的前N行
-C：center 查看过滤内容的前、后N行
-v：取反
-E：可以过滤多个结果
-o：只打印出过滤内容
-i：不区分大小写

# ① -n number 打印行号
[root@yyds <sub>]# grep '^[a-Z]' -n  ./abc.txt 
1:Steve Blenheim:238-923-7366:95 Latham Lane, Easton, PA83755:11/12/56:20300
2:Betty Boop:245-836-8357:635 Cutesy Lane, Hollywood, CA 91464:6/23/23:14500
3:Igor Chevsky:385-375-8395:3567 Populus Place, Caldwell, NJ 23875:6/18/68:23400
4:Norma Corder:397-857-2735:74 Pine Street, Dearborn, MI23874:3/28/45:245700
6:Jennifer Cowan:548-834-2348:583 Laurel Ave., Kingsville, TX 83745:10/1/35:58900
7:Jon DeLoach:408-253-3122:123 Park St., San Jose, CA 04086:7/25/53:85100
8:Karen Evich:284-758-2857:23 Edgecliff Place, Lincoln, NB 92086:7/25/53:85100
9:Karen Evich:284-758-2867:23 edgecliff Place, lincoln, NB 92743:11/3/35:58200
10:Karen Evich:284-758-2867:23 EdgEcliff Place, LinColn, NB 92743:11/3/35:58200
11:Fred Fardbarkle:674-843-1385:20 Parak Lane, DeLuth, MN 23850:4/12/23:780900
12:fengdatianliang
13:smile of life
  
#^... 以..开头
[root@yyds </sub>]# grep '^K' abc.txt
Karen Evich:284-758-2857:23 Edgecliff Place, Lincoln, NB 92086:7/25/53:85100
Karen Evich:284-758-2867:23 edgecliff Place, lincoln, NB 92743:11/3/35:58200
Karen Evich:284-758-2867:23 EdgEcliff Place, LinColn, NB 92743:11/3/35:58200

#'..$' 以..结尾
[root@yyds ~]# grep '0$' abc.txt
Steve Blenheim:238-923-7366:95 Latham Lane, Easton, PA83755:11/12/56:20300
Betty Boop:245-836-8357:635 Cutesy Lane, Hollywood, CA 91464:6/23/23:14500
Igor Chevsky:385-375-8395:3567 Populus Place, Caldwell, NJ 23875:6/18/68:23400
Norma Corder:397-857-2735:74 Pine Street, Dearborn, MI23874:3/28/45:245700
Jennifer Cowan:548-834-2348:583 Laurel Ave., Kingsville, TX 83745:10/1/35:58900
Jon DeLoach:408-253-3122:123 Park St., San Jose, CA 04086:7/25/53:85100
Karen Evich:284-758-2857:23 Edgecliff Place, Lincoln, NB 92086:7/25/53:85100
Karen Evich:284-758-2867:23 edgecliff Place, lincoln, NB 92743:11/3/35:58200
Karen Evich:284-758-2867:23 EdgEcliff Place, LinColn, NB 92743:11/3/35:58200
$Fred Fardbarkle:674-843-1385:20 Parak Lane, DeLuth, MN 23850:4/12/23:780900

# \的用法，含$的内容高亮显示

对比：

[root@yyds ~]# cat abc.txt 
Steve Blenheim:238-923-7366:95 Latham Lane, Easton, PA83755:11/12/56:20300
Betty Boop:245-836-8357:635 Cutesy Lane, Hollywood, CA 91464:6/23/23:14500
Igor Chevsky:385-375-8395:3567 Populus Place, Caldwell, NJ 23875:6/18/68:23400
Norma Corder:397-857-2735:74 Pine Street, Dearborn, MI23874:3/28/45:245700

Jennifer Cowan:548-834-2348:583 Laurel Ave., Kingsville, TX 83745:10/1/35:58900
Jon DeLoach:408-253-3122:123 Park St., San Jose, CA 04086:7/25/53:85100
Karen Evich:284-758-2857:23 Edgecliff Place, Lincoln, NB 92086:7/25/53:85100
Karen Evich:284-758-2867:23 edgecliff Place, lincoln, NB 92743:11/3/35:58200
Karen Evich:284-758-2867:23 EdgEcliff Place, LinColn, NB 92743:11/3/35:58200
$Fred Fardbarkle:674-843-1385:20 Parak Lane, DeLuth, MN 23850:4/12/23:780900
fengdatia$nliang
smile of$ life

⑤ -E 筛选多个

4、文件查找命令

# which 只能查找命令
[root@yyds <sub>]# which grep
alias grep='grep --color=auto'
  /usr/bin/grep
  
# type -a 查找内置命令
[root@yyds </sub>]# type -a ls
ls is aliased to `ls --color=auto'
ls is /usr/bin/ls

5、sort-字符处理命令-排序

\## 注意：默认按照每一行的第一个字符进行排序,如果字符相同就往后推，字母按照a-z的顺序排序，排序不修改原 文件内容

#选项：
-t：指定分隔符
-k：指定按照某一列，进行排序
-n：按照阿拉伯数字排序
-r：reverse 倒叙排序

① -t 指定分割符

[root@yyds <sub>]# sort -n -t '.' ./moon.txt 
0.2.8.122:45
1.0.0.100:45
1.00.58
2.5.3.520:87
9.4.9.789:99
112.4.1:57 185
4543.4:22
[root@yyds </sub>]# cat ./moon.txt 
112.4.1:57 185
4543.4:22
1.00.58
1.0.0.100:45
2.5.3.520:87
9.4.9.789:99
0.2.8.122:45

② -k 按指定某一列，进行排序

[root@yyds ~]# sort -k 3 -n -t '.' ./moon.txt 
4543.4:22
1.0.0.100:45
112.4.1:57 185
2.5.3.520:87
0.2.8.122:45
9.4.9.789:99
1.00.58

③ -n ,按阿拉伯数字排列

[root@yyds ~]# sort -n -t '.' ./xx.txt 
0.2.8.122:45
0.2.8.122:45
1.00.58
1.00.58
2.5.3.520:87
2.5.3.520:87
9.4.9.789:99
9.4.9.789:99

④-r , reverse 倒叙排列

[root@yyds ~]# sort -r -t '.' ./xx.txt 
9.4.9.789:99
9.4.9.789:99
2.5.3.520:87
2.5.3.520:87
1.00.58
1.00.58
0.2.8.122:45
0.2.8.122:45

组合用法 -t 放最后

[root@yyds ~]# sort -rnk 2  -t '.' ./xx.txt 
2.5.3.520:87
2.5.3.520:87
9.4.9.789:99
9.4.9.789:99
0.2.8.122:45
0.2.8.122:45
1.00.58
1.00.58