题记：实现这个功能也是遇到各自坑，各自查资料，从昨天到今天早上，也算是理通了，实现了交互与下载excel表小功能，这个下载功能也算是比较常用的，也感谢那些免费提供资料的网上的小伙伴们，我也把问题记录下来，大家有需要都可以查阅。
坑一：出现403（Forbidden）的错误。
问题解决：可以在django项目的setting.py下注释‘‘django.middleware.csrf.CsrfViewMiddleware’’。
坑二：用ajax请求不能异步下载文件，这是小点，一点进去了，就是无底洞。
django后台代码:
from django.http import HttpResponse
from django.shortcuts import render
import openpyxl
from io import BytesIO
#显示界面
def index(request):
return render(request,'index.html')
#生成所需方法
base = [str(x) for x in range(10)] + [ chr(x) for x in range(ord('A'),ord('A')+6)]
# bin2dec
# 二进制 to 十进制: int(str,n=10)
def bin2dec(string_num):
return str(int(string_num, 2))
# dec2bin
# 十进制 to 二进制: bin()
def dec2bin(string_num):
num = int(string_num)
mid = []
while True:
if num == 0: break
num,rem = divmod(num, 2)
mid.append(base[rem])
return ''.join([str(x) for x in mid[::-1]])
# dec2hex
# 十进制 to 十六进制: hex()
def dec2hex(string_num):
num = int(string_num)
mid = []
while True:
if num == 0: break
num,rem = divmod(num, 16)
mid.append(base[rem])
return ''.join([str(x) for x in mid[::-1]])
#二进制 to 十六进制
def bin2hex(string_num):
return dec2hex(bin2dec(string_num))
# hex2dec
# 十六进制 to 十进制
def hex2dec(string_num):
return str(int(string_num.upper(), 16))
# 十六进制 to 二进制: bin(int(str,16))
def hex2bin(string_num):
return dec2bin(hex2dec(string_num.upper()))
#为字符串按照输入长度补'0'
def add_zero(str,gd_length):
if (str.__len__() < gd_length):
add_zero = '0'
for i in range(gd_length - str.__len__() - 1):
add_zero += '0'
str = add_zero + str
return str
def EPC(request):
#获取数据
CompanyPrefixLength = int(request.POST.get('CompanyPrefixLength', 0))
FilterValue = request.POST.get('FilterValue', 0)
UPC = request.POST.get('UPC', 0)
SerialNumber = int(request.POST.get('SerialNumber', 0)) - 1
StartSerialNumber = SerialNumber + 1
AllNumber = int(request.POST.get('AllNumber', 0))
#创建excel表
wb = openpyxl.Workbook()
wa = wb.active
wa.column_dimensions['B'].width = 15
wa.column_dimensions['C'].width = 20
wa.column_dimensions['D'].width = 30
wa.append(['ID', 'SerialNumber', 'BarCode', 'EPC'])
ID = 0
ExcelIndex = 1 # excel插入行数据索引
#Header 二进制8bits
Header_bits = '00110000'
#filter过滤值3bits
if FilterValue == '0':
Filter_bits = '000'
elif FilterValue == '1':
Filter_bits = '001'
elif FilterValue == '2':
Filter_bits = '010'
elif FilterValue == '3':
Filter_bits = '011'
elif FilterValue == '4':
Filter_bits = '100'
elif FilterValue == '5':
Filter_bits = '101'
elif FilterValue == '6':
Filter_bits = '110'
elif FilterValue == '7':
Filter_bits = '111'
else:
print('error')
# 根据GS1公司前缀长度进而判断
if CompanyPrefixLength == 6:
Cutoff_Point = 7
GS1_Company_Prefix_bitslen = 20
ID_IRN_bitslen = 24
Partition_bits = '110' # 6
elif CompanyPrefixLength == 7:
Cutoff_Point = 8
GS1_Company_Prefix_bitslen = 24
ID_IRN_bitslen = 20
Partition_bits = '101' # 5
elif CompanyPrefixLength == 8:
Cutoff_Point = 9
GS1_Company_Prefix_bitslen = 27
ID_IRN_bitslen = 17
Partition_bits = '100' # 4
elif CompanyPrefixLength == 9:
Cutoff_Point = 10
GS1_Company_Prefix_bitslen = 30
ID_IRN_bitslen = 14
Partition_bits = '011' # 3
elif CompanyPrefixLength == 10:
Cutoff_Point = 11
GS1_Company_Prefix_bitslen = 34
ID_IRN_bitslen = 10
Partition_bits = '010' # 2
elif CompanyPrefixLength == 11:
Cutoff_Point = 12
GS1_Company_Prefix_bitslen = 37
ID_IRN_bitslen = 7
Partition_bits = '001' # 1
elif CompanyPrefixLength == 12:
Cutoff_Point = 13
GS1_Company_Prefix_bitslen = 40
ID_IRN_bitslen = 4
Partition_bits = '000' # 0
GTIN_BITS_PRO = Header_bits + Filter_bits + Partition_bits
GS1_Company_Prefix = UPC[1:Cutoff_Point]
ID_IRN = UPC[0] + UPC[Cutoff_Point:13]
# GS1_Company_Prefix化为二进制，如果不够规定位数，前面加'0'
GS1_Company_Prefix_bits = add_zero(dec2bin(GS1_Company_Prefix), GS1_Company_Prefix_bitslen) # 24bits
# ID_IRN 化为二进制，如果不够规定位数，前面加'0'
ID_IRN_bits = add_zero(dec2bin(ID_IRN), ID_IRN_bitslen)
GTIN_BITS = GTIN_BITS_PRO + GS1_Company_Prefix_bits + ID_IRN_bits
for i in range(AllNumber):
ID += 1
ExcelIndex += 1
SerialNumber += 1
wa.cell(ExcelIndex, 1, str(ID))
wa.cell(ExcelIndex, 2, str(SerialNumber))
wa.cell(ExcelIndex, 3, str(UPC))
wa.cell(ExcelIndex, 4, bin2hex(GTIN_BITS + add_zero(dec2bin(SerialNumber), 38)))
output = BytesIO()
wb.save(output)
output.seek(0)
response = HttpResponse(output.getvalue(), content_type='application/vnd.ms-excel')
# ctime = datetime.datetime.now().strftime('%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S')
# file_name = 'export.xls' % ctime # 给文件名中添加日期时间
# file_name = urlquote(file_name) # 使用urlquote()方法解决中文无法使用的问题
response['Content-Disposition'] = 'attachment; filename=bug_info.xls'
# response.write(output.getvalue()) # 在设置HttpResponse的类型时，如果给了值，可以不写这句
return response
前端请求代码与返回结果：
if(CheckData() == true){
$.ajax({
url:'http://192.168.0.68:8000/conversion/EPC/',
data:{
CompanyPrefixLength:$(".CompanyPrefixLength").val(),
FilterValue:$(".FilterValue").val(),
UPC:$(".UPC").val(),
SerialNumber:$(".SerialNumber").val(),
AllNumber:$(".AllNumber").val()
},
type:'POST',
dataType:'json',
complete:function (data) {
console.log("complete");
console.log(data);
}
})
返回的数据应该都是存储在reponseTest，还有乱码，所以可以用XMLHttpRequest来请求。
前端用XMLHttpRequest请求代码：
let data = JSON.stringify({
"CompanyPrefixLength":$(".CompanyPrefixLength").val(),
"FilterValue":$(".FilterValue").val(),
"UPC":$(".UPC").val(),
"SerialNumber":$(".SerialNumber").val(),
"AllNumber":$(".AllNumber").val()
})
const req = new XMLHttpRequest();
req.open('POST','http://192.168.0.68:8000/conversion/EPC/', true);
req.responseType = 'blob';
req.setRequestHeader('Content-Type', 'application/json'); //设置请求头
req.send(data); //输入参数
req.onload = function() {
const data = req.response;
const a = document.createElement('a');
const blob = new Blob([data]);
const blobUrl = window.URL.createObjectURL(blob); //创建下载的链接
a.href = blobUrl;
a.download = 'EPC.xls'; //下载后文件名
// a.download = unescape(req.headers.filr)
a.click();
// self.download(blobUrl);
};
后端接收代码：
import json
def EPC(request):
data = json.loads(request.body)
#获取数据
CompanyPrefixLength = int(data['CompanyPrefixLength'])
FilterValue = data['FilterValue']
UPC = data['UPC']
SerialNumber = int(data['SerialNumber']) - 1
StartSerialNumber = SerialNumber + 1
AllNumber = int(data['AllNumber'])
运行有EPC文件：
