awesome PyQt5 的奇技淫巧

• 本篇文章主要记录笔者在使用PyQt5的过程中，一些常用的代码技巧，以及好用可复用的代码

• 如何实现软件只能启动单应用

def is_running(start_name: str):
    """
    判断程序是否运行
    """
    out_socket = QtNetwork.QLocalSocket()
    out_socket.connectToServer(start_name)
    is_running = out_socket.waitForConnected()
    print(is_running)
    return is_running

if is_running(start_name="test"):
    print("程序在运行")
else:
    localServer = QtNetwork.QLocalServer()
    localServer.listen("test")

• 软件打包的spec文件的编写

# -*- mode: python ; coding: utf-8 -*-


block_cipher = None


a = Analysis(['main.py'],
             pathex=['xxx'],
             binaries=[],
             datas=[('resource','resource')],
             hiddenimports=[],
             hookspath=[],
             hooksconfig={},
             runtime_hooks=[],
             excludes=[],
             win_no_prefer_redirects=False,
             win_private_assemblies=False,
             cipher=block_cipher,
             noarchive=False)
pyz = PYZ(a.pure, a.zipped_data,
             cipher=block_cipher)

exe = EXE(pyz,
          a.scripts,
          a.binaries,
          a.zipfiles,
          a.datas,  
          [],
          name='main',
          debug=False,
          bootloader_ignore_signals=False,
          strip=False,
          upx=True,
          upx_exclude=[],
          runtime_tmpdir=None,
          console=False,
          disable_windowed_traceback=False,
          target_arch=None,
          codesign_identity=None,
          entitlements_file=None,
          icon= "music.ico")

• 自定义边框的程序
  实现效果：

import enum
from PyQt5 import QtGui, QtCore
from PyQt5.QtWidgets import QApplication, QWidget, QLineEdit
from PyQt5.QtWidgets import QPushButton, QTextEdit, QGridLayout, QHBoxLayout, QFrame, QStyle, QStyleOption
from PyQt5.QtGui import QPainter, QPainterPath, QPen, QBrush, QColor, QPalette, QRegion, QMouseEvent, QHoverEvent
from PyQt5.QtCore import QRect, QRectF, QSize, QPoint, QEvent, QMargins

from widgets.components.custom_border_draggers import LeftDragger, RightDragger, TopDragger, BottomDragger
from widgets.components.custom_border_draggers import TopLeftDragger, TopRightDragger, BottomLeftDragger, BottomRightDragger
from PyQt5.QtCore import *
from PyQt5.QtWidgets import QWidget, QApplication
from PyQt5.QtGui import *
from PyQt5.QtGui import *
from PyQt5.QtCore import *
from PyQt5.QtWidgets import *


class TitleToolButton(QPushButton):
    def __init__(self):
        super().__init__()
        self.init_all()

    def init_all(self):
        self.setFixedSize(QSize(24,24))
        pass

    def set_icon(self, icon_path:str):
        icon_ = QIcon()
        icon_.addFile(icon_path)
        self.setIcon(icon_)


class TitleBarWidget(QWidget):
    resize_window_signal = pyqtSignal()
    min_window_signal = pyqtSignal()
    close_window_signal = pyqtSignal()

    def __init__(self):
        super().__init__()
        self.init_all()

    def init_all(self):
        self.setAttribute(Qt.WA_TranslucentBackground)  # 场景透明
        self.setAttribute(Qt.WA_StyledBackground, True)
        self.hbox_layout = QHBoxLayout()
        self.setLayout(self.hbox_layout)
        self.hbox_layout.setSpacing(0)
        self.hbox_layout.setContentsMargins(0,0,0,0)
        self.setFixedHeight(40)
        self.setStyleSheet(self.styleSheet() + "QWidget {background-color: rgb(232, 222, 248);} QPushButton { background-color: rgb(232, 222, 248); border: 0px; }"
                                               "QPushButton:hover{background-color: rgb(216, 207, 232);} QPushButton:pressed{background-color: rgb(207, 198, 223);}")

        self.hbox_layout.addStretch()
        # set min max close buttons
        self.min_button = TitleToolButton()
        self.min_button.set_icon("resource/image/window/min_btn.png")
        self.min_button.clicked.connect(self.slots_min_button_clicked)
        self.hbox_layout.addWidget(self.min_button)

        self.max_button = TitleToolButton()
        self.max_button.set_icon("resource/image/window/max_btn.png")
        self.max_button.clicked.connect(self.slots_max_button_clicked)
        self.hbox_layout.addWidget(self.max_button)

        self.close_button = TitleToolButton()
        self.close_button.set_icon("resource/image/window/close_btn.png")
        self.close_button.clicked.connect(self.slots_close_button_clicked)
        self.hbox_layout.addWidget(self.close_button)
        self.hbox_layout.addItem(QSpacerItem(10, 10, QSizePolicy.Fixed, QSizePolicy.Fixed))

    def slots_min_button_clicked(self):
        """
        明明规则： 槽函数 + 对象 + 事件类型
        :return:
        """
        self.min_window_signal.emit()

    def slots_max_button_clicked(self):
        """
        明明规则： 槽函数 + 对象 + 事件类型
        :return:
        """
        self.resize_window_signal.emit()

    def slots_close_button_clicked(self):
        """
        明明规则： 槽函数 + 对象 + 事件类型
        :return:
        """
        self.close_window_signal.emit()






    def paintEvent(self, a0: QtGui.QPaintEvent) -> None:
        painter = QPainter(self)
        painter.setRenderHint(QPainter.Antialiasing)
        brush = QBrush(Qt.SolidPattern)
        color = QColor()
        color.setRgb(232, 222, 248)
        brush.setColor(color)
        painter.setBrush(brush)
        painter.setPen(Qt.transparent)
        rect = self.rect()
        rect.setWidth(rect.width() )
        rect.setHeight(rect.height() )
        painter.drawRoundedRect(rect, 10, 10)

    def mouseDoubleClickEvent(self, a0: QtGui.QMouseEvent) -> None:
        self.resize_window_signal.emit()


class BaseFramelessWidget(QWidget):
    class State(enum.Enum):
        Init = 0
        Moving = 1
        Resizing = 2

    def __init__(self, target=None):
        super().__init__()

        # 最小700 * 700 最大和界面一样大
        self.setMinimumSize(900, 700)
        self.setMaximumSize(QDesktopWidget().availableGeometry().width(), QDesktopWidget().availableGeometry().height())


        self.state = BaseFramelessWidget.State.Init

        self.leftButtonPressed = False

        self.borderMargin = 5
        self.cornerMargin = 5
        self.activeBorderDragger = None
        self.borderDraggers = (LeftDragger(), RightDragger(), TopDragger(), BottomDragger())
        self.cornerDraggers = (TopLeftDragger(), TopRightDragger(), BottomLeftDragger(), BottomRightDragger())

        self.wholeWidgetDragPos = None

        self.setAttribute(Qt.WA_TranslucentBackground)  # 场景透明

        self.target = target
        if not target:
            self.target = self
        self.target.setMouseTracking(True)
        self.target.setWindowFlags(QtCore.Qt.WindowType.FramelessWindowHint)
        self.target.setAttribute(QtCore.Qt.WidgetAttribute.WA_Hover)
        self.target.installEventFilter(self)

        self.vbox_layout = QVBoxLayout()
        self.setLayout(self.vbox_layout)
        self.title_bar = TitleBarWidget()
        self.init_title_bar(self.title_bar)
        self.title_bar.resize_window_signal.connect(self.slots_resize_window)
        self.title_bar.close_window_signal.connect(self.slots_close_button_clicked)
        self.title_bar.min_window_signal.connect(self.slots_min_button_clicked)


    def init_title_bar(self, title_bar: QWidget):
        """
        初始化标题栏
        :param title_bar:
        :return:
        """
        self.vbox_layout.setSpacing(0)
        self.vbox_layout.setContentsMargins(0,0,0,0)
        self.vbox_layout.addWidget(title_bar, 0 , Qt.AlignTop)
        pass

    def setBorderMargin(self, margin):
        self.borderMargin = margin

    def setCornerMargin(self, margin):
        self.cornerMargin = margin

    def selectActiveBorderDragger(self, pos):
        activeDragger = None
        for dragger in self.borderDraggers:
            if dragger.isActive(pos, self.target.frameGeometry(), self.borderMargin):
                activeDragger = dragger

        for dragger in self.cornerDraggers:
            if dragger.isActive(pos, self.target.frameGeometry(), self.cornerMargin):
                activeDragger = dragger

        return activeDragger

    def eventFilter(self, o, e):
        if e.type() == QEvent.Type.MouseMove or \
                e.type() == QEvent.Type.HoverMove or \
                e.type() == QEvent.Type.Leave or \
                e.type() == QEvent.Type.MouseButtonPress or \
                e.type() == QEvent.Type.MouseButtonRelease:

            switcher = {
                QEvent.Type.MouseMove: self.mouseMove,
                QEvent.Type.HoverMove: self.mouseHover,
                QEvent.Type.Leave: self.mouseLeave,
                QEvent.Type.MouseButtonPress: self.mousePress,
                QEvent.Type.MouseButtonRelease: self.mouseRelease
            }

            switcher.get(e.type())(e)

            return True
        else:
            return super().eventFilter(o, e)

    def mousePress(self, event):
        if event.buttons() == QtCore.Qt.MouseButton.LeftButton:
            self.leftButtonPressed = True

            self.activeBorderDragger = self.selectActiveBorderDragger(event.globalPos())

            if self.activeBorderDragger is not None:
                self.state = BaseFramelessWidget.State.Resizing
                self.target.update()
            elif self.target.rect().marginsRemoved(QMargins(self.borderMargin, \
                                                            self.borderMargin, \
                                                            self.borderMargin, \
                                                            self.borderMargin)) \
                    .contains(event.pos()):
                self.state = BaseFramelessWidget.State.Moving
                self.target.update()
                self.wholeWidgetDragPos = event.pos()

    def mouseMove(self, event):
        if self.leftButtonPressed:
            if self.state == BaseFramelessWidget.State.Moving:
                self.target.move((event.globalPos() - self.wholeWidgetDragPos))
            elif self.state == BaseFramelessWidget.State.Resizing:
                rect = self.target.frameGeometry()
                self.activeBorderDragger.updateGeometry(rect, event.globalPos())

                if rect.width() <= self.target.minimumSize().width():
                    rect.setLeft(self.target.frameGeometry().x())
                if rect.height() <= self.target.minimumSize().height():
                    rect.setTop(self.target.frameGeometry().y())

                self.target.setGeometry(rect)

    def mouseHover(self, event):
        self.updateCursorShape(self.target.mapToGlobal(event.pos()))

    def mouseLeave(self, event):
        self.target.unsetCursor()
        self.target.update()

    def mouseRelease(self, event):
        if self.leftButtonPressed:
            self.leftButtonPressed = False
            self.state = BaseFramelessWidget.State.Init
            self.target.update()
            self.activeBorderDragger = None
            self.wholeWidgetDragPos = None

    def updateCursorShape(self, pos):
        if self.target.isFullScreen() or self.target.isMaximized():
            if self.cursorchanged:
                self.target.unsetCursor()
            return

        self.cursorchanged = True
        borderDragger = self.selectActiveBorderDragger(pos)
        if borderDragger is not None:
            self.target.setCursor(borderDragger.getCursorShape())
        else:
            self.target.unsetCursor()

        self.target.update()


    def paintEvent(self, a0: QtGui.QPaintEvent) -> None:
        painter = QPainter(self)
        painter.setRenderHint(QPainter.Antialiasing)
        brush = QBrush(Qt.SolidPattern)
        color = QColor()
        color.setRgb(243, 237, 247)
        brush.setColor(color)
        painter.setBrush(brush)
        painter.setPen(Qt.transparent)
        rect = self.rect()
        rect.setWidth(rect.width() )
        rect.setHeight(rect.height() )
        painter.drawRoundedRect(rect, 10, 10)

    def slots_resize_window(self):
        desktop = QDesktopWidget().availableGeometry()
        if self.size() == self.maximumSize():
            x =  (desktop.width() - self.minimumSize().width()) /2
            y = (desktop.height() - self.minimumSize().height()) /2
            self.setGeometry(int(x),int(y),self.minimumSize().width(),self.minimumSize().height())
        else:
            x =  (desktop.width() - self.maximumSize().width()) /2
            y = (desktop.height() - self.maximumSize().height()) /2
            self.setGeometry(x,y,self.maximumSize().width(),self.maximumSize().height())

    def slots_min_button_clicked(self):
        """
        明明规则： 槽函数 + 对象 + 事件类型
        :return:
        """
        self.showMinimized()

    def slots_close_button_clicked(self):
        """
        明明规则： 槽函数 + 对象 + 事件类型
        :return:
        """
        self.close()


import sys

if __name__ == '__main__':
    # 测试功能
    app = QApplication(sys.argv)
    widget = BaseFramelessWidget()
    widget.setMinimumSize(400, 400)
    widget.show()
    sys.exit(app.exec_())

依赖的文件：

from PyQt5 import QtGui, QtCore
from PyQt5.QtWidgets import QApplication, QWidget, QLineEdit
from PyQt5.QtWidgets import QPushButton, QTextEdit, QGridLayout, QHBoxLayout, QFrame, QStyle, QStyleOption
from PyQt5.QtGui import QPainter, QPainterPath, QPen, QBrush, QColor, QPalette, QRegion
from PyQt5.QtCore import QRect, QRectF, QSize, QPoint, QEvent


# Hope this will not affect performance much.
class BorderDragger:
    def isActive(self, pos, framerect, borderWidth):
        raise Exception("Not implemented")

    def updateGeometry(self, framerect, pos):
        raise Exception("Not implemented")

    def getCursorShape(self):
        raise Exception("Not implemented")


class CornerDragger(BorderDragger):
    verDragger = BorderDragger()
    horDragger = BorderDragger()

    def isActive(self, pos, framerect, borderWidth):
        return self.verDragger.isActive(pos, framerect, borderWidth) and \
               self.horDragger.isActive(pos, framerect, borderWidth)

    def updateGeometry(self, framerect, pos):
        self.verDragger.updateGeometry(framerect, pos)
        self.horDragger.updateGeometry(framerect, pos)

    def getCursorShape(self):
        raise Exception("Not implemented")


class LeftDragger(BorderDragger):
    def isActive(self, pos, framerect, borderWidth):
        return framerect.contains(pos) and \
               pos.x() >= framerect.x() and \
               pos.x() <= framerect.x() + borderWidth

    def updateGeometry(self, framerect, pos):
        framerect.setLeft(pos.x())

    def getCursorShape(self):
        return QtCore.Qt.CursorShape.SizeHorCursor


class RightDragger(BorderDragger):
    def isActive(self, pos, framerect, borderWidth):
        return framerect.contains(pos) and \
               pos.x() >= framerect.x() + framerect.width() - borderWidth and \
               pos.x() <= framerect.x() + framerect.width()

    def updateGeometry(self, framerect, pos):
        framerect.setRight(pos.x())

    def getCursorShape(self):
        return QtCore.Qt.CursorShape.SizeHorCursor


class TopDragger(BorderDragger):
    def isActive(self, pos, framerect, borderWidth):
        return framerect.contains(pos) and \
               pos.y() >= framerect.y() and \
               pos.y() <= framerect.y() + borderWidth

    def updateGeometry(self, framerect, pos):
        framerect.setTop(pos.y())

    def getCursorShape(self):
        return QtCore.Qt.CursorShape.SizeVerCursor


class BottomDragger(BorderDragger):
    def isActive(self, pos, framerect, borderWidth):
        return framerect.contains(pos) and \
               pos.y() >= framerect.y() + framerect.height() - borderWidth and \
               pos.y() <= framerect.y() + framerect.height()

    def updateGeometry(self, framerect, pos):
        framerect.setBottom(pos.y())

    def getCursorShape(self):
        return QtCore.Qt.CursorShape.SizeVerCursor


class TopLeftDragger(CornerDragger):
    def __init__(self):
        self.verDragger = TopDragger()
        self.horDragger = LeftDragger()

    def getCursorShape(self):
        return QtCore.Qt.CursorShape.SizeFDiagCursor


class TopRightDragger(CornerDragger):
    def __init__(self):
        self.verDragger = TopDragger()
        self.horDragger = RightDragger()

    def getCursorShape(self):
        return QtCore.Qt.CursorShape.SizeBDiagCursor


class BottomLeftDragger(CornerDragger):
    def __init__(self):
        self.verDragger = BottomDragger()
        self.horDragger = LeftDragger()

    def getCursorShape(self):
        return QtCore.Qt.CursorShape.SizeBDiagCursor


class BottomRightDragger(CornerDragger):
    def __init__(self):
        self.verDragger = BottomDragger()
        self.horDragger = RightDragger()

    def getCursorShape(self):
        return QtCore.Qt.CursorShape.SizeFDiagCursor

• Python打包后配置资源文件访问

# 资源文件目录访问
def source_path(relative_path):
    # 是否Bundle Resource
    if getattr(sys, 'frozen', False):
        base_path = sys._MEIPASS
    else:
        base_path = os.path.abspath(".")
    return os.path.join(base_path, relative_path)


# 修改当前工作目录，使得资源文件可以被正确访问
cd = source_path('')
os.chdir(cd)

• PyQt5 创建程序基本流程

import sys
from PyQt6.QtGui import *
from PyQt6.QtWidgets import *
from PyQt6.QtCore import *

app = QApplication(sys.argv) # 窗体

# 窗体实现部分
widget = QWidget()
widget.show()

# 等待程序退出【阻塞】
ret = app.exec()
sys.exit(ret)

未完。。。待续