Docker 基础 ( 一 ) 安装、镜像-CFANZ编程社区

安装

1.卸载旧版本

yum remove docker \
  docker-client \
  docker-client-latest \
  docker-common \
  docker-latest \
  docker-latest-logrotate \
  docker-logrotate \
  docker-engine

2.需要的安装包

yum install -y yum-utils

3.设置镜像的仓库

yum-config-manager \
   --add-repo \
   https://download.docker.com/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo

上述方法默认是从国外的，不推荐
推荐使用国内的

 yum-config-manager \
    --add-repo \
    https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo

更新yum软件包索引

yum makecache fast

4.安装docker相关的docker-ce 社区版而ee是企业版

yum install docker-ce docker-ce-cli containerd.io

这里我们使用社区版即可

5.启动docker （重启 service docker restart）

[root@VM-0-6-centos ~]# systemctl start docker

[root@VM-0-6-centos ~]# service docker restart    // 重启docker
Redirecting to /bin/systemctl restart docker.service

使用docker version查看是否安装成功

docker version

测试

docker run hello-world

8.查看已经下载的镜像 (从这里可以查看已有镜像的id)

[root@VM-0-6-centos /]# docker images
REPOSITORY    TAG       IMAGE ID       CREATED        SIZE
hello-world   latest    d1165f221234   3 months ago   13.3kB

卸载 docker

卸载依赖

yum remove docker-ce docker-ce-cli containerd.io

删除资源

rm -rf /var/lib/docker

/var/lib/docker是docker的默认工作路径！

Docker 的常用命令

帮助命令

docker version  # 显示docker的版本信息。
docker info  # 显示docker的系统信息，包括镜像和容器的数量
docker 命令 --help  # 帮助命令

镜像命令

docker images  # 查看所有本地主机上的镜像 可以使用docker image ls代替
docker search  # 搜索镜像
docker pull  # 下载镜像 docker image pull
docker rmi  # 删除镜像 docker image rm

docker images 查看所有本地的主机上的镜像

[root@VM-0-6-centos /]# docker images
REPOSITORY    TAG       IMAGE ID       CREATED        SIZE
hello-world   latest    d1165f221234   3 months ago   13.3kB

# 解释
# REPOSITORY # 镜像的仓库源
# TAG # 镜像的标签(版本) ---lastest 表示最新版本
# IMAGE ID # 镜像的id
# CREATED # 镜像的创建时间
# SIZE # 镜像的大小
# 可选项
Options:
-a, --all Show all images (default hides intermediate images) # 列出所有镜像
-q, --quiet Only show numeric IDs # 只显示镜像的id

[root@VM-0-6-centos ~]# docker images -a  # 列出所有镜像详细信息
REPOSITORY    TAG       IMAGE ID       CREATED        SIZE
hello-world   latest    d1165f221234   3 months ago   13.3kB
[root@VM-0-6-centos ~]# docker images -aq # 列出所有镜像的id
d1165f221234

docker search 搜索镜像

[root@VM-0-6-centos ~]# docker search mysql  # 搜索镜像
NAME                              DESCRIPTION                                     STARS     OFFICIAL   AUTOMATED
mysql                             MySQL is a widely used, open-source relation…   11013     [OK]       
mariadb                           MariaDB Server is a high performing open sou…   4173      [OK]       
mysql/mysql-server                Optimized MySQL Server Docker images. Create…   819                  [OK]
centos/mysql-57-centos7           MySQL 5.7 SQL database server                   88                   
mysql/mysql-cluster               Experimental MySQL Cluster Docker images. Cr…   87                   
centurylink/mysql                 Image containing mysql. Optimized to be link…   59                   [OK]
bitnami/mysql                     Bitnami MySQL Docker Image                      52                   [OK]
databack/mysql-backup             Back up mysql databases to... anywhere!         44                   
deitch/mysql-backup               REPLACED! Please use http://hub.docker.com/r…   41                   [OK]

--filter=STARS=3000 # 过滤，搜索镜像收藏STARS数量大于3000的

Options:
-f, --filter filter Filter output based on conditions provided
--format string Pretty-print search using a Go template
--limit int Max number of search results (default 25)
--no-trunc Don't truncate output

[root@VM-0-6-centos ~]# docker search mysql --filter=STARS=3000
NAME      DESCRIPTION                                     STARS     OFFICIAL   AUTOMATED
mysql     MySQL is a widely used, open-source relation…   11013     [OK]       
mariadb   MariaDB Server is a high performing open sou…   4173      [OK]

docker pull 下载镜像

# 下载镜像 docker pull 镜像名[:tag]
[root@VM-0-6-centos ~]# docker pull node:lts-alpine3.13
lts-alpine3.13: Pulling from library/node  # 如果不写tag，默认就是latest
540db60ca938: Pull complete   #分层下载： docker image 的核心 联合文件系统
d1d4e8cc8684: Pull complete 
0ed82e007932: Pull complete 
a888d19c6548: Pull complete 
Digest: sha256:6a5aad5c5a56fdce1303bd622426818d2a767b6179be0fba62e0e5f45ea6604e     # 签名防伪
Status: Downloaded newer image for node:lts-alpine3.13
docker.io/library/node:lts-alpine3.13    #真实地址

docker pull node:lts-alpine3.13
// 等价于
docker pull docker.io/library/node:lts-alpine3.13

docker rmi 删除镜像

docker rmi -f 镜像id # 删除指定id的镜像
[root@VM-0-6-centos ~]# docker rmi a0aa4dac325b
Untagged: tomcat:8
Untagged: tomcat@sha256:cc0466b0009605b8059684afd04eecd008dd911bbb65e5b06a2423791856c4d8
Deleted: sha256:a0aa4dac325ba805f9772de4c2601c10d84378a847620a17749ef89094d57f8b
Deleted: sha256:7789ffa41c0d233daf1b5360277b1e458020a1bb5c629f5b1ffecc5cd40e43f3
Deleted: sha256:1ae6e6f428ce08ad87ca052502bc39c2a4d103654c029663855502d35391cebe
Deleted: sha256:ca33f3ac112feff53226c7779c5dcf6d9228d243a8003112af6e97b1cbe8adf9
Deleted: sha256:a1ebb61f926c6adb4be953d5fa465ad632e0f280d666290131c40402869da050
Deleted: sha256:8322a18d091807c0b67edd4c8b80a8302e55c538427a5350e626f13fe111553b
Deleted: sha256:7d9015a7e7cc4ffda4712793436cecdd5572df6e80ee67912a76a6442c448b2d
Deleted: sha256:1405602eb1a912ad0bef3b35fc79f4a1eb332cd3ff05b36b560dad11e8d8ca7f
Deleted: sha256:1a126caa7f2df8ccb95a4a08242b527fe3268eebf55cdd72b5b6a7aafd908519
Deleted: sha256:b639806ab48953fe53941bccbaaecc99d82e693585e7b818ff9a6413ef519f25
Deleted: sha256:688e187d6c79c46e8261890f0010fd5d178b8faa178959b0b46b2635aa1eeff3

删除全部的镜像

docker rmi -f $(docker images -aq)   # 删除全部的镜像