~~~~
- 前言
- mkdir
- rmdir
- rm
- stat
- man
- cp
- mv
- cat
- tac
- more
- less
- head
- tail
- 重定向
- 管道 |
- date
- cal
- find
- whereis
- wc
- grep
- sort
- zip/unzip
- tar
- bc
- uname
- lscpu
- lsmem
- df
- 热键相关
- 关机指令
- echo
- printf
- who
- which
- alias/unalias
- 结语
前言
本节继续基本指令的学习！
mkdir
基本语法
mkdir [选项] dirname
功能
创建目录举例
[root@VM-4-17-centos dir]# pwd
/root/dir
[root@VM-4-17-centos dir]# ls
test1.txt test2.txt test3.txt
[root@VM-4-17-centos dir]# mkdir dir1
[root@VM-4-17-centos dir]# mkdir dir2
[root@VM-4-17-centos dir]# mkdir dir3
[root@VM-4-17-centos dir]# ls
dir1 dir2 dir3 test1.txt test2.txt test3.txt
选项 -p
功能
[root@VM-4-17-centos dir]# pwd
/root/dir
[root@VM-4-17-centos dir]# ls
test1.txt test2.txt test3.txt
[root@VM-4-17-centos dir]# mkdir -p dir1/dir2/dir3/dir4
[root@VM-4-17-centos dir]# ls
dir1 test1.txt test2.txt test3.txt
[root@VM-4-17-centos dir]# tree
.
|-- dir1
| `-- dir2
| `-- dir3
| `-- dir4
|-- test1.txt
|-- test2.txt
`-- test3.txt
4 directories, 3 files
rmdir
基本语法
rmdir [选项] dirname
功能
[root@VM-4-17-centos dir]# mkdir dir1
[root@VM-4-17-centos dir]# mkdir -p dir2/dir3
[root@VM-4-17-centos dir]# tree .
.
|-- dir1
|-- dir2
| `-- dir3
|-- test1.txt
|-- test2.txt
`-- test3.txt
3 directories, 3 files
[root@VM-4-17-centos dir]# rmdir dir1
[root@VM-4-17-centos dir]# tree
.
|-- dir2
| `-- dir3
|-- test1.txt
|-- test2.txt
`-- test3.txt
2 directories, 3 files
[root@VM-4-17-centos dir]# tree
.
|-- dir2
| `-- dir3
|-- test1.txt
|-- test2.txt
`-- test3.txt
2 directories, 3 files
[root@VM-4-17-centos dir]# rmdir dir2
rmdir: failed to remove ‘dir2’: Directory not empty
-p选项
[root@VM-4-17-centos dir]# mkdir -p a/b/c
[root@VM-4-17-centos dir]# tree .
.
|-- a
| `-- b
| `-- c
|-- test1.txt
|-- test2.txt
`-- test3.txt
3 directories, 3 files
[root@VM-4-17-centos dir]# rmdir -p a/b/c
[root@VM-4-17-centos dir]# tree .
.
|-- test1.txt
|-- test2.txt
`-- test3.txt
0 directories, 3 files
rm
基本语法
rm [选项] name
功能
[root@VM-4-17-centos dir]# tree .
.
|-- dir1
|-- dir2
| `-- dir3
|-- test1.txt
|-- test2.txt
`-- test3.txt
3 directories, 3 files
[root@VM-4-17-centos dir]# rm test1.txt
rm: remove regular empty file ‘test1.txt’? y
[root@VM-4-17-centos dir]# rm test2.txt
rm: remove regular empty file ‘test2.txt’? y
[root@VM-4-17-centos dir]# rm test3.txt
rm: remove regular empty file ‘test3.txt’? y
[root@VM-4-17-centos dir]# tree .
.
|-- dir1
`-- dir2
`-- dir3
3 directories, 0 files
选项 -r
[root@VM-4-17-centos dir]# tree
.
|-- dir1
`-- dir2
`-- dir3
`-- dir4
4 directories, 0 files
[root@VM-4-17-centos dir]# rm -r dir1
rm: remove directory ‘dir1’? y
[root@VM-4-17-centos dir]# rm -r dir2
rm: descend into directory ‘dir2’? y
rm: descend into directory ‘dir2/dir3’? y
rm: remove directory ‘dir2/dir3/dir4’? y
rm: remove directory ‘dir2/dir3’? y
rm: remove directory ‘dir2’? y
[root@VM-4-17-centos dir]# tree .
.
0 directories, 0 files
选项 -f
[root@VM-4-17-centos dir]# tree
.
|-- dir1
| `-- dir2
| `-- dir3
|-- dir4
`-- test.txt
4 directories, 1 file
[root@VM-4-17-centos dir]# rm -f test.txt
[root@VM-4-17-centos dir]# rm -rf dir1
[root@VM-4-17-centos dir]# tree .
.
`-- dir4
1 directory, 0 files
[root@VM-4-17-centos dir]# rm -rf dir4
[root@VM-4-17-centos dir]# tree
.
0 directories, 0 files
选项 -i
防止用户的误操作导致某些文件或目录被删除
[root@VM-4-17-centos dir]# tree .
.
|-- dir1
|-- dir2
| `-- dir3
| `-- dir4
`-- test.txt
4 directories, 1 file
[root@VM-4-17-centos dir]# rm -ri test.txt
rm: remove regular empty file ‘test.txt’? y
[root@VM-4-17-centos dir]# rm -r -i dir1
rm: remove directory ‘dir1’? y
[root@VM-4-17-centos dir]# tree
.
`-- dir2
`-- dir3
`-- dir4
3 directories, 0 files
stat
man
基本语法
man [选项] 命令
功能
查询C语言printf函数
[root@VM-4-17-centos ~]# man printf
在线手册介绍
查询man命令
[root@VM-4-17-centos dir]# man man
在线手册分为9章，每一章包含不同功能的文档；
1号手册包含可执行程序和命令
2号手册包含系统调用
3号手册包含库函数，是C语言的库函数
4号手册包含特别文件
5号手册文件格式
6号手册游戏相关
7号手册杂项，包括附件和一些变量
8号手册系统管理相关
9号手册内核例程
选项 number
已知pwd在1号手册，那么在其他手册中将找不到pwd命令
[root@VM-4-17-centos dir]# man pwd
[root@VM-4-17-centos dir]# man 1 pwd
[root@VM-4-17-centos dir]# man 2 pwd
No manual entry for pwd in section 2
[root@VM-4-17-centos dir]# man 3 pwd
No manual entry for pwd in section 3
选项 -k
[root@VM-4-17-centos dir]# man -k pwd
lckpwdf (3) - get shadow password file entry
pwd (1) - print name of current/working directory
pwd (1p) - return working directory name
pwd (n) - Return the absolute path of the current working directory
pwd.h (0p) - password structure
pwdx (1) - report current working directory of a process
ulckpwdf (3) - get shadow password file entry
unix_chkpwd (8) - Helper binary that verifies the password of the current user
选项 -a
[root@VM-4-17-centos dir]# man -a printf
--Man-- next: printf(1p) [ view (return) | skip (Ctrl-D) | quit (Ctrl-C) ]
cp
基本语法
cp [选项] 源文件/目录 目标文件/目录
功能
[root@VM-4-17-centos dir]# tree .
.
|-- dir1
|-- dir2
`-- test.txt
2 directories, 1 file
[root@VM-4-17-centos dir]# cp test.txt ./dir1
[root@VM-4-17-centos dir]# cp test.txt ./dir2
[root@VM-4-17-centos dir]# tree .
.
|-- dir1
| `-- test.txt
|-- dir2
| `-- test.txt
`-- test.txt
选项 - i
[root@VM-4-17-centos dir]# ls
dir1 dir2 text1.txt text2.txt text3.txt
[root@VM-4-17-centos dir]# cp -i text1.txt text2.txt
cp: overwrite ‘text2.txt’? y
选项 -f/–force
[root@VM-4-17-centos dir]# cp -f text1.txt cp1.txt
[root@VM-4-17-centos dir]# ls
cp1.txt dir1 dir2 text1.txt text2.txt text3.txt
[root@VM-4-17-centos dir]# cp --force text1.txt cp2.txt
[root@VM-4-17-centos dir]# ls
cp1.txt cp2.txt dir1 dir2 text1.txt text2.txt text3.txt
选项 -r/-R/–recursive
[root@VM-4-17-centos dir]# cp -r dir1 dircp
[root@VM-4-17-centos dir]# ls
cp1.txt cp2.txt dir1 dir2 dircp text1.txt text2.txt text3.txt
[root@VM-4-17-centos dir]# cp -R dir1 dircp2
[root@VM-4-17-centos dir]# ls
dir1 dir2 dircp dircp2 text1.txt text2.txt text3.txt
[root@VM-4-17-centos dir]# cp --recursive dir1 dircp3
[root@VM-4-17-centos dir]# ls
dir1 dir2 dircp dircp2 dircp3 text1.txt text2.txt text3.txt
mv
基本语法
mv [选项] 源文件/目录 目标文件/目录
功能
重命名
[root@VM-4-17-centos dir]# ls
dir1 dir2 text1.txt text2.txt text3.txt
[root@VM-4-17-centos dir]# mv text1.txt name.txt
[root@VM-4-17-centos dir]# ls
dir1 dir2 name.txt text2.txt text3.txt
[root@VM-4-17-centos dir]# mv dir1 newdir1
[root@VM-4-17-centos dir]# ls
dir2 name.txt newdir1 text2.txt text3.txt
移动文件或目录
[root@VM-4-17-centos dir]# ls
dir1 dir2 text1.txt text2.txt text3.txt
[root@VM-4-17-centos dir]# mv text1.txt text2.txt
mv: overwrite ‘text2.txt’? y
[root@VM-4-17-centos dir]# ls
dir1 dir2 text2.txt text3.txt
[root@VM-4-17-centos dir]# ls
dir1 dir2 text1.txt text2.txt text3.txt
[root@VM-4-17-centos dir]# mv text1.txt dir1
[root@VM-4-17-centos dir]# tree
.
|-- dir1
| `-- text1.txt
|-- dir2
|-- text2.txt
`-- text3.txt
2 directories, 3 file
选项 -f
[root@VM-4-17-centos dir]# tree .
.
|-- dir1
|-- dir2
|-- text1.txt
|-- text2.txt
`-- text3.txt
2 directories, 3 files
[root@VM-4-17-centos dir]# mv -f text1.txt text2.txt
[root@VM-4-17-centos dir]# ls
dir1 dir2 text2.txt text3.txt
选项 -i
[root@VM-4-17-centos dir]# tree .
.
|-- dir1
|-- dir2
|-- text2.txt
`-- text3.txt
2 directories, 2 files
[root@VM-4-17-centos dir]# mv -i text2.txt text3.txt
mv: overwrite ‘text3.txt’? y
[root@VM-4-17-centos dir]# ls
dir1 dir2 text3.txt
cat
基本语法
cat [选项] 文件
功能
[root@VM-4-17-centos dir]# cat text1.txt
hello world!
hello world!
选项 -n
[root@VM-4-17-centos dir]# cat -n text1.txt
1 hello world!
2 hello world!
3 hello world!
4
5 hello world!
6 hello world!
7 hello world!
8
9
10 hello world!
11 hello world!
12
13 hello world!
14 hello world!
15 hello world!
16 hello world!
17 hello
选项 -b
[root@VM-4-17-centos dir]# cat -b text1.txt
1 hello world!
2 hello world!
3 hello world!
4 hello world!
5 hello world!
6 hello world!
7 hello world!
8 hello world!
9 hello world!
10 hello world!
11 hello world!
12 hello world!
13 hello
选项 -s
[root@VM-4-17-centos dir]# cat -s text1.txt
hello world!
hello world!
hello world!
hello world!
hello world!
hello world!
hello world!
hello world!
hello world!
hello world!
hello world!
hello world!
hello
tac
基本语法
tac [选项] 文件
功能
[root@VM-4-17-centos dir]# tac text1.txt
hello
hello world!
hello world!
hello world!
hello world!
hello world!
hello world!
hello world!
hello world!
hello world!
hello world!
hello world!
hello world!
more
基本语法
more [选项] 文件
功能
[root@VM-4-17-centos dir]# more text1.txt
按enter键可以向下翻阅文件内容，但是不能向上翻阅，还是不太方便
在查看文件内容时还可以搜索某一内容以/开始的文本内容
hello world!
hello world!
hello world!
hello world!
/weihe
选项 -n
[root@VM-4-17-centos dir]# more -5 text1.txt
hello world!
hello world!
hello world!
hello world!
--More--(6%)
less
基本语法
less [选项] 文件
功能
[root@VM-4-17-centos dir]# less text1.txt
选项 -N
[root@VM-4-17-centos dir]# less -N text1.txt
选项 -i
[root@VM-4-17-centos dir]# less -i text1.txt
选项 /字符串
选项 ?字符串
n
N
head
基本语法
head [选项] 文件
功能
[root@VM-4-17-centos dir]# head text1.txt
hello world!
HELLO WORLD!
HELLO WORLD!
hello world!
hello world!
hello world!
hello world!
haha
HAHA
选项 -n
[root@VM-4-17-centos dir]# head -5 text1.txt
hello world!
HELLO WORLD!
HELLO WORLD!
hello world!
tail
基本语法
tail [选项] 文件
功能
[root@VM-4-17-centos dir]# tail text1.txt
hello world!
hello world!
hello world!
hello world!
hello world!
hello world!
hello world!
hello world!
hello world!
hello world!
选项 -n<行数>
[root@VM-4-17-centos dir]# tail -n5 text1.txt
hello world!
hello world!
hello world!
hello world!
hello world!
选项 -f
[root@VM-4-17-centos dir]# tail -f text1.txt
hello world!
hello world!
hello world!
hello world!
hello world!
hello world!
hello world!
hello world!
hello world!
hello world!
重定向
输出重定向 >
基本语法
命令 > 文件
功能
[root@VM-4-17-centos dir]# echo "you can see me" > newfile.txt
输入重定向 <
基本语法
命令 < 文件
功能
[root@VM-4-17-centos dir]# echo "you can not see me" < newfile.txt
you can not see me
追加 >>
基本语法
命令 >> 文件
功能
[root@VM-4-17-centos dir]# echo hello world! >> newfile.txt
[root@VM-4-17-centos dir]# cat newfile.txt
you can see me
hello world!
标准输入/标准输出/标准错误
Linux运行时会默认打开三个文件：
>将stdout重定向到文件，<将stdin重定向到文件；
管道 |
功能
对于文件中的内容输出前五行
[root@VM-4-17-centos dir]# cat text1.txt | head -5
hello world!
HELLO WORLD!
HELLO WORLD!
hello world!
date
基本语法
date [选项] [+格式]
功能
[root@VM-4-17-centos dir]# date
Sun Oct 23 12:36:06 CST 2022
指定格式显示时间
[root@VM-4-17-centos dir]# date +%Y/%m/%d-%H:%M:%S
2022/10/23-12:40:21
[root@VM-4-17-centos dir]# date +%F--%X
2022-10-23--12:41:22 PM
时间戳
获取时间戳
[root@VM-4-17-centos dir]# date +%s
1666500176
时间戳转换为具体日期 -d
[root@VM-4-17-centos dir]# date -d @1666500176
Sun Oct 23 12:42:56 CST 2022
时间戳转换指定格式
[root@VM-4-17-centos dir]# date -d @1666500176 +%Y/%m/%d-%H:%M:%S
2022/10/23-12:42:56
设置时间 -s
[root@VM-4-17-centos dir]# date -s"2022-10-24 12:56:01"
Mon Oct 24 12:56:01 CST 2022
cal
基本语法
cal [选项][月份][年份]
功能
[root@VM-4-17-centos ~]# cal
October 2022
Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa
1
2 3 4 5 6 7 8
9 10 11 12 13 14 15
16 17 18 19 20 21 22
23 24 25 26 27 28 29
30 31
[root@VM-4-17-centos ~]# cal 2022
2022
January February March
Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa
1 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
9 10 11 12 13 14 15 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 13 14 15 16 17 18 19
16 17 18 19 20 21 22 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 20 21 22 23 24 25 26
23 24 25 26 27 28 29 27 28 27 28 29 30 31
30 31
April May June
Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa
1 2 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 1 2 3 4
3 4 5 6 7 8 9 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
10 11 12 13 14 15 16 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 12 13 14 15 16 17 18
17 18 19 20 21 22 23 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 19 20 21 22 23 24 25
24 25 26 27 28 29 30 29 30 31 26 27 28 29 30
July August September
Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa
1 2 1 2 3 4 5 6 1 2 3
3 4 5 6 7 8 9 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
10 11 12 13 14 15 16 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 11 12 13 14 15 16 17
17 18 19 20 21 22 23 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
24 25 26 27 28 29 30 28 29 30 31 25 26 27 28 29 30
31
October November December
Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa
1 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
9 10 11 12 13 14 15 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 11 12 13 14 15 16 17
16 17 18 19 20 21 22 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
23 24 25 26 27 28 29 27 28 29 30 25 26 27 28 29 30 31
30 31
[root@VM-4-17-centos ~]# cal 10 2022
October 2022
Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa
1
2 3 4 5 6 7 8
9 10 11 12 13 14 15
16 17 18 19 20 21 22
23 24 25 26 27 28 29
30 31
选项 -3
[root@VM-4-17-centos ~]# cal -3
September 2022 October 2022 November 2022
Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa
1 2 3 1 1 2 3 4 5
4 5 6 7 8 9 10 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
11 12 13 14 15 16 17 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 13 14 15 16 17 18 19
18 19 20 21 22 23 24 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 20 21 22 23 24 25 26
25 26 27 28 29 30 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 27 28 29 30
30 31
选项 -j
[root@VM-4-17-centos ~]# cal -j
October 2022
Sun Mon Tue Wed Thu Fri Sat
274
275 276 277 278 279 280 281
282 283 284 285 286 287 288
289 290 291 292 293 294 295
296 297 298 299 300 301 302
303 304
选项 -y
[root@VM-4-17-centos ~]#cal -y 2022
find
基本语法
find 文件名 选项
功能
[root@VM-4-17-centos dir]# find -name test.txt
./test.txt
./dir2/test.txt
./dir1/test.txt
[root@VM-4-17-centos dir]# find /root/dir/ -name test.txt
/root/dir/test.txt
/root/dir/dir2/test.txt
/root/dir/dir1/test.txt
whereis
基本语法
whereis [选项] 指令名或文件名
功能
[root@VM-4-17-centos dir]# whereis test.txt
test: /usr/bin/test /usr/share/man/man1/test.1.gz /usr/share/man/man1p/test.1p.gz
wc
基本语法
wc [选项] 文件名
功能
[root@VM-4-17-centos dir]# cat test.txt
1111
22221111
1111
1111
hello
HELLO
heLLo
[root@VM-4-17-centos dir]# wc -l test.txt
7 test.txt
grep
基本语法
grep [选项] 某个字符串 待查找文件
功能
[root@VM-4-17-centos dir]# grep '1111' test.txt
1111
1111
1111
1111
1111
1111
1111
1111
选项 -i
[root@VM-4-17-centos dir]# grep -i 'hello' test.txt
hello
HELLO
heLLo
选项 -n
[root@VM-4-17-centos dir]# grep -i -n 'hello' test.txt
21:hello
22:HELLO
23:heLLo
选项 -v
[root@VM-4-17-centos dir]# grep -v -n 'hello' test.txt
1:1111
2:22221111
3:1111
4:1111
6:HELLO
7:heLLo
与 | 结合使用
[root@VM-4-17-centos dir]# cat test.txt
1111
22221111
1111
1111
hello
HELLO
heLLo
[root@VM-4-17-centos dir]# grep '1111' test.txt | wc -l
4
#uniq
基本语法
nuiq [选项] 文件
功能
[root@VM-4-17-centos dir]# cat test.txt
1111
2222
2222
1111
1111
4444
4444
1111
4444
[root@VM-4-17-centos dir]# uniq test.txt
1111
2222
1111
4444
1111
4444
sort
基本语法
sort [选项] 文件
功能
[root@VM-4-17-centos dir]# sort test.txt
1111
1111
1111
1111
1234
1324
2222
2222
4444
4444
4444
abcd
bcde
于是我们可以先排序再去重
[root@VM-4-17-centos dir]# cat test.txt
1111
2222
2222
1111
1111
4444
4444
1111
4444
1234
1324
abcd
bcde
[root@VM-4-17-centos dir]# sort test.txt | uniq
1111
1234
1324
2222
4444
abcd
bcde
zip/unzip
打包和压缩的目的
zip
基本语法
tar [选项] 压缩后文件名.zip 待压缩文件
功能
[root@VM-4-17-centos dir]# ls
dir1 dir2 test.txt
[root@VM-4-17-centos dir]# zip dir1.zip dir1
adding: dir1/ (stored 0%)
[root@VM-4-17-centos dir]# ls
dir1 dir1.zip dir2 test.txt
[root@VM-4-17-centos dir]# zip test.zip test.txt
adding: test.txt (deflated 29%)
[root@VM-4-17-centos dir]# ls
dir1 dir1.zip dir2 dir3 dir4 test.txt test.zip
选项 -r
[root@VM-4-17-centos dir]# zip -r dir2.zip dir2
adding: dir2/ (stored 0%)
adding: dir2/test.txt (deflated 29%)
unzip
基本语法
unzip 压缩文件名.zip 解压后文件名
功能
[root@VM-4-17-centos dir]# unzip dir2.zip
Archive: dir2.zip
creating: dir2/
inflating: dir2/test.txt
选项 -d
[root@VM-4-17-centos dir]# unzip dir2.zip -d ./dir3/
Archive: dir2.zip
creating: ./dir3/dir2/
inflating: ./dir3/dir2/test.txt
tar
基本语法
tar [选项] 文件/目录
功能
选项 -c
选项 -t
选项 -z
打包dir1目录并压缩打包后的文件为dir1.tgz
[root@VM-4-17-centos dir]# tar -czf dir1.tgz dir1
选项 -j
[root@VM-4-17-centos dir]# tar -cjf dir2.tgz dir2
选项 -v
[root@VM-4-17-centos dir]# tar -czvf dir2.tgz dir2
dir2/
dir2/test.txt
选项 -f
选项 -x
[root@VM-4-17-centos dir3]# tar -xzvf dir1.tgz
dir1/
dir1/test.txt
选项 -C
[root@VM-4-17-centos dir]# tar -xzvf dir2.tgz -C ./dir4
bc
功能
[root@VM-4-17-centos dir4]# bc
uname
基本语法
uname [选项]
功能
[root@VM-4-17-centos dir4]# uname
Linux
选项 -r
[root@VM-4-17-centos dir4]# uname -r
3.10.0-1160.71.1.el7.x86_64
选项 -a/–all
[root@VM-4-17-centos dir4]# uname -a
Linux VM-4-17-centos 3.10.0-1160.71.1.el7.x86_64 #1 SMP Tue Jun 28 15:37:28 UTC 2022 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux
[root@VM-4-17-centos dir4]# uname --all
Linux VM-4-17-centos 3.10.0-1160.71.1.el7.x86_64 #1 SMP Tue Jun 28 15:37:28 UTC 2022 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux
lscpu
[root@VM-4-17-centos dir]# lscpu
Architecture: x86_64
CPU op-mode(s): 32-bit, 64-bit
Byte Order: Little Endian
CPU(s): 2
On-line CPU(s) list: 0,1
Thread(s) per core: 1
Core(s) per socket: 2
Socket(s): 1
NUMA node(s): 1
Vendor ID: GenuineIntel
CPU family: 6
Model: 94
Model name: Intel(R) Xeon(R) Gold 6133 CPU @ 2.50GHz
Stepping: 3
CPU MHz: 2494.140
BogoMIPS: 4988.28
Hypervisor vendor: KVM
Virtualization type: full
L1d cache: 32K
L1i cache: 32K
L2 cache: 4096K
L3 cache: 28160K
NUMA node0 CPU(s): 0,1
Flags: fpu vme de pse tsc msr pae mce cx8 apic sep mtrr pge mca cmov pat pse36 clflush mmx fxsr sse sse2 ss ht syscall nx pdpe1gb rdtscp lm constant_tsc rep_good nopl eagerfpu pni pclmulqdq ssse3 fma cx16 pcid sse4_1 sse4_2 x2apic movbe popcnt tsc_deadline_timer aes xsave avx f16c rdrand hypervisor lahf_lm abm 3dnowprefetch invpcid_single fsgsbase bmi1 hle avx2 smep bmi2 erms invpcid rtm mpx rdseed adx smap clflushopt xsaveopt xsavec xgetbv1 arat
lsmem
[root@VM-4-17-centos dir]# lsmem
RANGE SIZE STATE REMOVABLE BLOCK
0x0000000000000000-0x000000007fffffff 2G online no 0-15
Memory block size: 128M
Total online memory: 2G
Total offline memory: 0B
df
基本语法
df [选项] 文件
功能
[root@VM-4-17-centos dir]# df test.txt
Filesystem 1K-blocks Used Available Use% Mounted on
/dev/vda1 41152716 3978024 35396868 11% /
[root@VM-4-17-centos dir]# df
Filesystem 1K-blocks Used Available Use% Mounted on
devtmpfs 1012336 0 1012336 0% /dev
tmpfs 1023340 24 1023316 1% /dev/shm
tmpfs 1023340 540 1022800 1% /run
tmpfs 1023340 0 1023340 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/vda1 41152716 3977912 35396980 11% /
tmpfs 204672 0 204672 0% /run/user/0
选项 -h
[root@VM-4-17-centos dir]# df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
devtmpfs 989M 0 989M 0% /dev
tmpfs 1000M 24K 1000M 1% /dev/shm
tmpfs 1000M 540K 999M 1% /run
tmpfs 1000M 0 1000M 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/vda1 40G 3.8G 34G 11% /
tmpfs 200M 0 200M 0% /run/user/0
热键相关
tab
CTRL+c
Ctrl+d
CTRL +r
关机指令
基本语法
shutdown [选项]
选项 -h
[root@VM-4-17-centos ~]# shutdown -h
Shutdown scheduled for Thu 2022-10-27 20:23:58 CST, use 'shutdown -c' to cancel.
[root@VM-4-17-centos ~]#
Broadcast message from root@VM-4-17-centos (Thu 2022-10-27 20:22:58 CST):
The system is going down for power-off at Thu 2022-10-27 20:23:58 CST!
选项 -r
[root@VM-4-17-centos ~]# shutdown -r
Shutdown scheduled for Thu 2022-10-27 20:22:59 CST, use 'shutdown -c' to cancel.
[root@VM-4-17-centos ~]#
Broadcast message from root@VM-4-17-centos (Thu 2022-10-27 20:21:59 CST):
The system is going down for reboot at Thu 2022-10-27 20:22:59 CST!
选项 -t
[root@VM-4-17-centos ~]# shutdown -t 60
Shutdown scheduled for Thu 2022-10-27 20:21:12 CST, use 'shutdown -c' to cancel.
[root@VM-4-17-centos ~]#
Broadcast message from root@VM-4-17-centos (Thu 2022-10-27 20:20:12 CST):
The system is going down for power-off at Thu 2022-10-27 20:21:12 CST!
echo
语法
echo 内容
功能
[root@VM-4-17-centos dir]# echo "hello world"
hello world
[root@VM-4-17-centos dir]# echo "hello world"
hello world
[root@VM-4-17-centos dir]# echo hello world
hello world
[root@VM-4-17-centos dir]# echo hello world! > text.txt
[root@VM-4-17-centos dir]# cat text.txt
hello world!
printf
在命令行格式化输出内容，同C语言printf用法
[root@VM-4-17-centos ~]# printf "hello,%d\n" 100
hello,100
who
查看当前登录的所有的用户
[root@VM-4-17-centos ~]# who
root pts/0 2022-10-27 20:17 (221.176.187.238)
weihe pts/1 2022-10-27 20:27 (221.176.187.238)
which
基本语法
which [选项] 待查指令
命令
[root@VM-4-17-centos dir]# which pwd
/usr/bin/pwd
[root@VM-4-17-centos dir]# which ls
alias ls='ls --color=auto'
/usr/bin/ls
alias/unalias
alias
格式
alias 新名字==指令串
功能
[root@VM-4-17-centos dir]# alias weihe='ls -l --color=auto'
[root@VM-4-17-centos dir]# weihe
total 12
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Oct 27 17:26 dir1
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Oct 27 17:26 dir2
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 42 Oct 27 17:35 test.txt
[root@VM-4-17-centos dir]# alias
alias cp='cp -i'
alias egrep='egrep --color=auto'
alias fgrep='fgrep --color=auto'
alias grep='grep --color=auto'
alias l.='ls -d .* --color=auto'
alias ll='ls -l --color=auto'
alias ls='ls --color=auto'
alias mv='mv -i'
alias rm='rm -i'
alias weihe='ls -l --color=red'
alias weihe2='=ls -l'
alias which='alias | /usr/bin/which --tty-only --read-alias --show-dot --show-tilde'
其中--color=auto是啥？
其实是让指令执行的结果带上高亮的颜色；
unalias
格式
unalics 指令别名
功能
[root@VM-4-17-centos dir]# unalias weihe
[root@VM-4-17-centos dir]# unalias weihe2
结语
本节主要介绍了Linux中一些常用的指令，但还有着许多的指令没有涉及，以后用到时需要主动查找学习。
下次再见！
