Netty——BootStrap源码分析-CFANZ编程社区

摘要

BootStrap在netty的应用程序中负责引导服务器和客户端。netty包含了两种不同类型的引导：

1. 使用服务器的ServerBootStrap，用于接受客户端的连接以及为已接受的连接创建子通道。
2. 用于客户端的BootStrap，不接受新的连接，并且是在父通道类完成一些操作。

服务端的代码

SimpleServer.java

/**
 * Created by xjl on 2021/1/9.
 */
public final class SimpleServer {

    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        EventLoopGroup bossGroup = new NioEventLoopGroup(1);
        EventLoopGroup workerGroup = new NioEventLoopGroup();

        try {
            ServerBootstrap b = new ServerBootstrap();
            b.group(bossGroup, workerGroup)
                    .channel(NioServerSocketChannel.class)
                    .handler(new SimpleServerHandler())
                    .childHandler(new SimpleServerInitializer())
                    .option(ChannelOption.SO_BACKLOG, 128)
                    .childOption(ChannelOption.SO_KEEPALIVE, true);

            ChannelFuture f = b.bind(8888).sync();

            f.channel().closeFuture().sync();
        } finally {
            bossGroup.shutdownGracefully();
            workerGroup.shutdownGracefully();
        }
    }
}

SimpleServerHandler.java

private static class SimpleServerHandler extends ChannelInboundHandlerAdapter {
    @Override
    public void channelActive(ChannelHandlerContext ctx) throws Exception {
        System.out.println("channelActive");
    }

    @Override
    public void channelRegistered(ChannelHandlerContext ctx) throws Exception {
        System.out.println("channelRegistered");
    }

    @Override
    public void handlerAdded(ChannelHandlerContext ctx) throws Exception {
        System.out.println("handlerAdded");
    }
}

SimpleServerInitializer.java

public class SimpleServerInitializer extends ChannelInitializer<SocketChannel>{

    @Override
    protected void initChannel(SocketChannel ch) throws Exception {
        ChannelPipeline pipeline = ch.pipeline();

        pipeline.addLast("framer", new DelimiterBasedFrameDecoder(8192, Delimiters.lineDelimiter()));
        pipeline.addLast("decoder", new StringDecoder());
        pipeline.addLast("encoder", new StringEncoder());
        pipeline.addLast("handler", new SimpleChatServerHandler());

        System.out.println("SimpleChatClient:" + ch.remoteAddress()+"连接上");
    }
}

ServerBootstrap类分析

//使用了链式编程方式

ServerBootstrap b = new ServerBootstrap();
            b.group(bossGroup, workerGroup)
                .channel(NioServerSocketChannel.class)
                .handler(new SimpleServerHandler())
                .childHandler(new SimpleServerInitializer())
                .option(ChannelOption.SO_BACKLOG, 128)
                .childOption(ChannelOption.SO_KEEPALIVE, true);

ServerBootstrap类的继承结构如下：

Netty——BootStrap源码分析_父类

该类的参数，有必要列出：

private final Map<ChannelOption<?>, Object> childOptions = new LinkedHashMap<ChannelOption<?>, Object>();
private final Map<AttributeKey<?>, Object> childAttrs = new LinkedHashMap<AttributeKey<?>, Object>();
private volatile EventLoopGroup childGroup;
private volatile ChannelHandler childHandler;

其父类AbstractBootstrap的参数

private volatile EventLoopGroup group;
private volatile ChannelFactory<? extends C> channelFactory;
private volatile SocketAddress localAddress;
private final Map<ChannelOption<?>, Object> options = new LinkedHashMap<ChannelOption<?>, Object>();
private final Map<AttributeKey<?>, Object> attrs = new LinkedHashMap<AttributeKey<?>, Object>();
private volatile ChannelHandler handler;

group(bossGroup, workerGroup)

// 即将workerGroup保存在 ServerBootstrap对象的childGroup属性上。 bossGroup保存在ServerBootstrap对象的group属性上

public ServerBootstrap group(EventLoopGroup parentGroup, EventLoopGroup childGroup) {
    super.group(parentGroup);
    if (childGroup == null) {
        throw new NullPointerException("childGroup");
    }
    if (this.childGroup != null) {
        throw new IllegalStateException("childGroup set already");
    }
    this.childGroup = childGroup;
    return this;
}

channel(NioServerSocketChannel.class)

//设置父类属性channelFactory 为： BootstrapChannelFactory类的对象。其中这里BootstrapChannelFactory对象中包括一个clazz属性为：NioServerSocketChannel.class，

public B channel(Class<? extends C> channelClass) {
    if (channelClass == null) {
        throw new NullPointerException("channelClass");
    }
    return channelFactory(new BootstrapChannelFactory<C>(channelClass));
} 
public B channelFactory(ChannelFactory<? extends C> channelFactory) {
    if (channelFactory == null) {
        throw new NullPointerException("channelFactory");
    }
    if (this.channelFactory != null) {
        throw new IllegalStateException("channelFactory set already");
    }

    this.channelFactory = channelFactory;
    return (B) this;
}

//channel该类的构造函数
private static final class BootstrapChannelFactory<T extends Channel> implements ChannelFactory<T> {
    private final Class<? extends T> clazz;

    BootstrapChannelFactory(Class<? extends T> clazz) {
        this.clazz = clazz;
    }

    @Override
    public T newChannel() {
        try {
            //并且BootstrapChannelFactory中提供 newChannel()方法，我们可以看到 clazz.newInstance()，主要是通过反射来实例化NioServerSocketChannel.class
            return clazz.newInstance();
        } catch (Throwable t) {
            throw new ChannelException("Unable to create Channel from class " + clazz, t);
        }
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return StringUtil.simpleClassName(clazz) + ".class";
    }
}

handler(new SimpleServerHandler())

public B handler(ChannelHandler handler) {
    if (handler == null) {
        throw new NullPointerException("handler");
    }
    this.handler = handler;
    return (B) this;
}

注意：这里的handler函数的入参类是我们自己提供的。如下，后面的博文中将会分析这个handler将会在哪里以及何时被调用，这里只需要记住这一点即可

private static class SimpleServerHandler extends ChannelInboundHandlerAdapter {
    @Override
    public void channelActive(ChannelHandlerContext ctx) throws Exception {
        System.out.println("channelActive");
    }

    @Override
    public void channelRegistered(ChannelHandlerContext ctx) throws Exception {
        System.out.println("channelRegistered");
    }

    @Override
    public void handlerAdded(ChannelHandlerContext ctx) throws Exception {
        System.out.println("handlerAdded");
    }
}

childHandler(new SimpleServerInitializer())

public ServerBootstrap childHandler(ChannelHandler childHandler) {
    if (childHandler == null) {
        throw new NullPointerException("childHandler");
    }
    this.childHandler = childHandler;
    return this;
}

由最后一句可知，其实就是讲传入的childHandler赋值给ServerBootstrap的childHandler属性。该函数的主要作用是设置channelHandler来处理客户端的请求的channel的IO。这里我们一般都用ChannelInitializer这个类的实例或则继承自这个类的实例这里我是通过新建类SimpleChatServerInitializer继承自ChannelInitializer。

public class SimpleChatServerInitializer extends ChannelInitializer<SocketChannel>{

    @Override
    protected void initChannel(SocketChannel ch) throws Exception {
        ChannelPipeline pipeline = ch.pipeline();

        pipeline.addLast("framer", new DelimiterBasedFrameDecoder(8192, Delimiters.lineDelimiter()));
        pipeline.addLast("decoder", new StringDecoder());
        pipeline.addLast("encoder", new StringEncoder());
        pipeline.addLast("handler", new SimpleChatServerHandler());

        System.out.println("SimpleChatClient:" + ch.remoteAddress()+"连接上");
    }
}

我们看ChannelInitializer这个类的继承图可知ChannelInitializer其实是继承自ChannelHandler的。

Netty——BootStrap源码分析_ide_02

可知，这个类其实就是往pipeline中添加了很多的channelHandler。

配置ServerBootstrap的option

这里调用的是父类的AbstractBootstrap的option()方法，源码如下：

public <T> B option(ChannelOption<T> option, T value) {
    if (option == null) {
        throw new NullPointerException("option");
    }
    if (value == null) {
        synchronized (options) {
            options.remove(option);
        }
    } else {
        synchronized (options) {
            options.put(option, value);
        }
    }
    return (B) this;
}

其中最重要的一行代码就是：
options.put(option, value);这里用到了options这个参数，在AbstractBootstrap的定义如下：
private final Map<ChannelOption<?>, Object> options = new LinkedHashMap<ChannelOption<?>, Object>();
可知是私有变量，而且是一个Map集合。这个变量主要是设置TCP连接中的一些可选项,而且这些属性是作用于每一个连接到服务器被创建的channel。

配置ServerBootstrap的childOption

这里调用的是父类的ServerBootstrap的childOption()方法

public <T> ServerBootstrap childOption(ChannelOption<T> childOption, T value) {
    if (childOption == null) {
        throw new NullPointerException("childOption");
    }
    if (value == null) {
        synchronized (childOptions) {
            childOptions.remove(childOption);
        }
    } else {
        synchronized (childOptions) {
            childOptions.put(childOption, value);
        }
    }
    return this;
}

这个函数功能与option()函数几乎一样，唯一的区别是该属性设定只作用于被acceptor(也就是boss EventLoopGroup)接收之后的channel。

BootStrap总结

主要是将我们提供的参数设置到其相应的对象属性中去了。因为后面会用到如下的几个属性，因此最好知道下，这些属性是何时以及在那里赋值的。

1、group：workerGroup保存在 ServerBootstrap对象的childGroup属性上。 bossGroup保存在ServerBootstrap对象的group属性上
2、channelFactory：BootstrapChannelFactory类的对象（clazz属性为：NioServerSocketChannel.class）
3、handler：SimpleServerHandler
4、childHandler
5、option
6、childOption