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mysql8.0命令合集

看山远兮 2022-04-08 阅读 65
linux

mysql自动补全安装

yum install python3 python3-devel python3-pip -y
pip install mycli
然后使用mycli连接数据库

1、创建

创建用户以及密码。

CREATE USER 'username'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED WITH mysql_native_password BY '123456';

创建带过期时间用户：

CREATE USER `wangwei`@`127.0.0.1` IDENTIFIED BY 'wangwei' PASSWORD EXPIRE INTERVAL 90DAY;
GRANT ALL ON*.* TO `wangwei`@`127.0.0.1` WITH GRANT OPTION;

要求每90天更换密码：

CREATE USER 'wangwei'@'localhost' PASSWORD EXPIRE INTERVAL 90 DAY;
ALTER USER 'wangwei'@'localhost' PASSWORD EXPIRE INTERVAL 90 DAY;

禁用密码过期：

CREATE USER ' wangwei'@'localhost' PASSWORD EXPIRE NEVER;
ALTER USER 'wangwei'@'localhost' PASSWORD EXPIRE NEVER;

遵循全局到期政策：

CREATE USER 'wangwei'@'localhost' PASSWORD EXPIRE DEFAULT;

2、授权

授权所有库所有表给"mola"@“172.17.0.%”

grant replication slave on *.* to "rpe"@"172.17.0.%";

授权所有权限给wangwei@127.0.0.1

GRANT ALL ON *.* TO `wangwei`@`127.0.0.1` WITH GRANT OPTION;

更改用户host权限

UPDATE mysql.user SET user.Host='%' where user.User='kaifa';

删除权限

REVOKE all privileges ON databasename.tablename FROM 'username'@'host';

删除数据库

drop database database;

3、数据表的操作

创建（增）

create table ti(
id int auto_increment primary key，
name varchar(20),
age tinyint unsigned
)
#unsigned 从正数开始 例如： tinyint -127 - 127  | tinyint unsigned 0-255
#primary key  设置主键（仅有一个）
#auto_increment 自动变化

#int   存4个G的数据
#smallint
#midiumin
#tinyint
#bigint
插入数据
首先可先查询表 (数据不多的情况下)
select * from t1;
#方法1：
insert into t1 values(1,"xiaoming","18");
#方法2：
insert t1 values(2,"xiaowang","18");
#方法3：
insert t1 values(null,"xiaohua","18");
#方法4：连续插入两个数据
insert t1(name) values("xiaoqiang"),("xiaozhi");
#方法5：
insert t1 set
id=6,
name="xiaoli",
age=18;
或者
insert t1 set id=6, name="xiaoli", age="18";

删除（删）

删除表数据
delete from t1 where id=3;#不指定where就是删除所有数据
逻辑删除
mysql> select * from t1;
+----+-----------+------+--------------------+
| id | name      | age  | isdelete           |
+----+-----------+------+--------------------+
|  1 | xiaoming  |   18 | 0x00               |
|  2 | xiaowang  |   18 | 0x00               |
|  4 | xiaoqiang | NULL | 0x00               |
|  5 | xiaojun   |   20 | 0x00               |
|  6 | xiaoli    |   18 | 0x00               |
+----+-----------+------+--------------------+
mysql> alter table t1 add isdelete bit default 0;#设计逻辑删除
mysql> select id,name from t1 where isdelete=0;
+----+-----------+
| id | name      |
+----+-----------+
|  1 | xiaoming  |
|  2 | xiaowang  |
|  4 | xiaoqiang |
|  5 | xiaojun   |
|  6 | xiaoli    |
+----+-----------+
mysql> update t1 set isdelete=1 where id=4;
mysql> select id,name from t1 where isdelete=0;
+----+----------+
| id | name     |
+----+----------+
|  1 | xiaoming |
|  2 | xiaowang |
|  5 | xiaojun  |
|  6 | xiaoli   |
+----+----------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)

修改（改）

#表结构修改
after table t1 [add | drop | modify | change]
alter table t1 add addr varchar(20);#添加addr字段到最后
alter table t1 add job varchar(20) after name;#添加job字段到name后
alter table t1 drop job;#删除job选项
alter table t1 modify addr varchar(20) after name;#把addr的字段放到name后面
alter table t1 change addr job varchar(20);#把addr的字段修改为job字段
alter table t1 modify age tinyint unsigned default 20; #把age设置默认值为20
alter table t1 add isdelete bit default 0;#设计逻辑删除

#修改表内容
update ti set name="xiaoming" where id=1;#不加where会更改所有的表明为“xiaoming”
update ti set name="xiaoming" where name="xiaoming";#或者可以这样
update ti set name="xiaoming"，age="21" where id=1;#可以添加，更改多个字段

查询（查）

查看表结构
desc tb-name;
查看表内容
#全字段查询，不建议
select * from t1;
#查询指定字段
select name,age from t1;
根据运算符查询
> 大于 | >= 大于等于 | < 小于 | <= 小于等于 | = 等于 | != 不等于
#查询id大于4的用户id，用户以及年龄
select id,name,age from t1 where id > 4;
#and 多个条件同时满足  
#or  多个条件，满足其一即可
mysql> select id,name,age from t1 where id <= 2 or name="xiaoli";
+----+----------+------+
| id | name     | age  |
+----+----------+------+
|  1 | xiaoming |   18 |
|  2 | xiaowang |   18 |
|  6 | xiaoli   |   18 |
+----+----------+------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)
模糊查找
like	模糊查找
%		匹配任意多个字符
_		匹配单个字符

#查找名字中含有xiao字符的数量
mysql> select id,name,age from t1 where name like "xiao%";
+----+-----------+------+
| id | name      | age  |
+----+-----------+------+
|  1 | xiaoming  |   18 |
|  2 | xiaowang  |   18 |
|  4 | xiaoqiang | NULL |
|  5 | xiaojun   |   20 |
|  6 | xiaoli    |   18 |
+----+-----------+------+
#插入一条数据，查找名字中含有xiao并且后面跟一个单字符的数据
insert t1(name) values("xiaom");
select id,name,age from t1 where name like "xiao_"; # _  可以加多个

#通过变量查询主库的
mysql> show variables like "%log_bin";
+---------------+-------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+---------------+-------+
| log_bin       | ON    |
| sql_log_bin   | ON    |
+---------------+-------+
2 rows in set (0.01 sec)
范围查找
in					表示非连续的范围
between A and B		表示一个连续的范围内
not	in				不在某个条件内
is null				空值
#查找id等于2，4或者6的数据
mysql> select * from t1 where id in (2,4,6);
+----+-----------+------+--------------------+
| id | name      | age  | isdelete           |
+----+-----------+------+--------------------+
|  2 | xiaowang  |   18 | 0x00               |
|  4 | xiaoqiang | NULL | 0x01               |
|  6 | xiaoli    |   18 | 0x00               |
+----+-----------+------+--------------------+
#查找id等于2到6的数据
mysql> select * from t1 where id between 2 and 6;
+----+-----------+------+--------------------+
| id | name      | age  | isdelete           |
+----+-----------+------+--------------------+
|  2 | xiaowang  |   18 | 0x00               |
|  4 | xiaoqiang | NULL | 0x01               |
|  5 | xiaojun   |   20 | 0x00               |
|  6 | xiaoli    |   18 | 0x00               |
+----+-----------+------+--------------------+
#查找id不是2，4或者6的数据
mysql> select * from t1 where not id in (2,4,6);
+----+----------+------+--------------------+
| id | name     | age  | isdelete           |
+----+----------+------+--------------------+
|  1 | xiaoming |   18 | 0x00               |
|  5 | xiaojun  |   20 | 0x00               |
+----+----------+------+--------------------+
聚合
#查询表里的最大年纪  最大max 最小min
mysql> select max(age) from t1;   
+----------+
| max(age) |
+----------+
|       20 |
+----------+
#查找age最大的用户所有信息
mysql> select * from t1 where age in (select max(age) from t1);
+----+----------+------+--------------------+
| id | name     | age  | isdelete           |
+----+----------+------+--------------------+
|  5 | xiaojun  |   20 | 0x00               |
|  7 | xiaohua1 |   20 | 0x00               |
|  8 | xiaodong |   20 | 0x00               |
+----+----------+------+--------------------+
#统计isdelete=1的数目
mysql> select count(*) from t1 where isdelete=1;
+----------+
| count(*) |
+----------+
|        2 |
+----------+
查找空值
mysql> select * from t1 where age is null;
+----+-----------+------+--------------------+
| id | name      | age  | isdelete           |
+----+-----------+------+--------------------+
|  4 | xiaoqiang | NULL | 0x01               |
+----+-----------+------+--------------------+
排序
#排序 order by 字段 asc 根据列从小到大（默认）
mysql> select * from t1 order by id;
+----+-----------+------+--------------------+
| id | name      | age  | isdelete           |
+----+-----------+------+--------------------+
|  1 | xiaoming  |   18 | 0x00               |
|  2 | xiaowang  |   18 | 0x00               |
|  4 | xiaoqiang | NULL | 0x01               |
|  5 | xiaojun   |   20 | 0x00               |
|  6 | xiaoli    |   18 | 0x00               |
|  7 | xiaohua1  |   20 | 0x01               |
|  8 | xiaodong  |   20 | 0x00               |
+----+-----------+------+--------------------+
#排序 order by 字段 desc 根据列从大到小
mysql> select * from t1 order by id desc ;
+----+-----------+------+--------------------+
| id | name      | age  | isdelete           |
+----+-----------+------+--------------------+
|  8 | xiaodong  |   20 | 0x00               |
|  7 | xiaohua1  |   20 | 0x01               |
|  6 | xiaoli    |   18 | 0x00               |
|  5 | xiaojun   |   20 | 0x00               |
|  4 | xiaoqiang | NULL | 0x01               |
|  2 | xiaowang  |   18 | 0x00               |
|  1 | xiaoming  |   18 | 0x00               |
+----+-----------+------+--------------------+
#分组统计同名的人的个数
group by 字段
mysql> select count(*),name from t1 group by name;
+----------+-----------+
| count(*) | name      |
+----------+-----------+
|        1 | xiaoming  |
|        1 | xiaowang  |
|        1 | xiaoqiang |
|        1 | xiaojun   |
|        1 | xiaoli    |
|        1 | xiaohua1  |
|        1 | xiaodong  |
+----------+-----------+
限制
#查询显示三行
mysql> select name,age from t1 limit 3;
+-----------+------+
| name      | age  |
+-----------+------+
| xiaoming  |   18 |
| xiaowang  |   18 |
| xiaoqiang | NULL |
+-----------+------+
#查询从第3行（不包含）开始往下2行
mysql> select name,age from t1 limit 3,2;
+---------+------+
| name    | age  |
+---------+------+
| xiaojun |   20 |
| xiaoli  |   18 |
+---------+------+
#显示从第三行后的4行
mysql> select * from t1 limit 4 offset 3;
+----+----------+------+--------------------+
| id | name     | age  | isdelete           |
+----+----------+------+--------------------+
|  5 | xiaojun  |   20 | 0x00               |
|  6 | xiaoli   |   18 | 0x00               |
|  7 | xiaohua1 |   20 | 0x01               |
|  8 | xiaodong |   20 | 0x00               |
+----+----------+------+--------------------+
外键查询
create table t1(
tid int unsigned auto_increment primary key,
tname varchar(20),
class varchar(20)
);

create table s1(
sid int unsigned auto_increment primary key,
sname varchar(20),
tid int,
foreign key (tid) references t1(tid)
);

select s1.sname,t1.tname,t1.class from t1,s1 where t1.tid=s1.tid;
+----------+----------+-------+
| sname    | tname    | class | 
+----------+----------+-------+
| xiaoming | wulaoshi | linux |
+----------+----------+-------+
视图（用于简化查询）
mysql> select s1.sname,t1.tname,t1.class from t1,s1 where t1.tid=s1.tid;
+----------+----------+-------+
| sname    | tname    | class | 
+----------+----------+-------+
| xiaoming | wulaoshi | linux |
+----------+----------+-------+
mysql> create view v1 as select s1.sname,t1.tname,t1.class from t1,s1 where t1.tid=s1.tid;
mysql> select * from v1
+----------+----------+-------+
| sname    | tname    | class | 
+----------+----------+-------+
| xiaoming | wulaoshi | linux |
+----------+----------+-------+
#把第一条命令赋值与v1试图，以后查询只要查询v1的所有，就相当于执行了第一条命令

4、修改

修改密码8.0

alter user user() identified by 'mysql-master01';
ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED WITH mysql_native_password BY '你的密码';

修改密码5.7

set password=password('mysql-master01');
update user set password=password("123") where user="root" and host="localhost";

查询

查询主库的状态

mysql> show master status ;
+---------------+----------+--------------+------------------+----------------+
| File          | Position | Binlog_Do_DB |Binlog_Ignore_DB |Executed_Gtid_Set|
+---------------+----------+--------------+------------------+----------------+
| binlog.000001 |      659 |              |                  |                |
+---------------+----------+--------------+------------------+----------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

查询主库的日志

mysql> show master logs;
+---------------+-----------+-----------+
| Log_name      | File_size | Encrypted |
+---------------+-----------+-----------+
| binlog.000001 |       659 | No        |
+---------------+-----------+-----------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

查询所有用户以及host

mysql> select user,host from mysql.user;
+------------------+-----------+
| user             | host      |
+------------------+-----------+
| mysql.infoschema | localhost |
| mysql.session    | localhost |
| mysql.sys        | localhost |
| root             | localhost |
+------------------+-----------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)

查询binlog进度

mysql> show binlog events in "mysql-bin.000002";
+------------------+------+----------------+-----------+-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Log_name         | Pos  | Event_type     | Server_id | End_log_pos | Info                                                                                                                                                          |
+------------------+------+----------------+-----------+-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| mysql-bin.000002 |    4 | Format_desc    |         1 |         125 | Server ver: 8.0.25, Binlog ver: 4                                                                                                                             |
| mysql-bin.000002 |  125 | Previous_gtids |         1 |         156 |                                                                                                                                                               |
| mysql-bin.000002 |  156 | Anonymous_Gtid |         1 |         235 | SET @@SESSION.GTID_NEXT= 'ANONYMOUS'                                                                                                                          |
| mysql-bin.000002 |  235 | Query          |         1 |         491 | ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED WITH 'caching_sha2_password' AS '$A$005$A68	aQx&1(dD6a(2M8FCN8NXbLh9lRB90VLcWJDnSPDqguAsMS4b5UMMvINC' /* xid=3 */ |
| mysql-bin.000002 |  491 | Anonymous_Gtid |         1 |         568 | SET @@SESSION.GTID_NEXT= 'ANONYMOUS'                                                                                                                          |
| mysql-bin.000002 |  568 | Query          |         1 |         658 | flush privileges                                                                                                                                              |
| mysql-bin.000002 |  658 | Anonymous_Gtid |         1 |         737 | SET @@SESSION.GTID_NEXT= 'ANONYMOUS'                                                                                                                          |
| mysql-bin.000002 |  737 | Query          |         1 |         956 | CREATE USER 'slave01'@'192.168.155.%' IDENTIFIED WITH 'mysql_native_password' AS '*4512F73DF9A45D6AFA3887D36BDF8C1E3F5BB439' /* xid=6 */                      |
| mysql-bin.000002 |  956 | Anonymous_Gtid |         1 |        1033 | SET @@SESSION.GTID_NEXT= 'ANONYMOUS'                                                                                                                          |
| mysql-bin.000002 | 1033 | Query          |         1 |        1191 | GRANT REPLICATION SLAVE ON *.* TO 'slave01'@'192.168.155.%' /* xid=7 */                                                                                       |
| mysql-bin.000002 | 1191 | Anonymous_Gtid |         1 |        1268 | SET @@SESSION.GTID_NEXT= 'ANONYMOUS'                                                                                                                          |
| mysql-bin.000002 | 1268 | Query          |         1 |        1358 | flush privileges                                                                                                                                              |
+------------------+------+----------------+-----------+-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
12 rows in set (0.00 sec)

查看所有用户（用户名、给谁授权）

SELECT user,host FROM mysql.user;

查看单个用户所有情况

SELECT * FROM mysql.user WHERE user='root'\G

查看数据库创建的sql命令

show create database test；

查看binlog文件

[root@web data]# mysqlbinlog web-relay-bin.000001
/*!50530 SET @@SESSION.PSEUDO_SLAVE_MODE=1*/;
/*!50003 SET @OLD_COMPLETION_TYPE=@@COMPLETION_TYPE,COMPLETION_TYPE=0*/;
DELIMITER /*!*/;
# at 4	
#220308 22:17:55 server id 101  end_log_pos 125 CRC32 0xf203a455 	Start: binlog v 4, server v 8.0.25 created 220308 22:17:55 at startup
# This Format_description_event appears in a relay log and was generated by the slave thread.
# at 125
#220308 22:17:55 server id 101  end_log_pos 156 CRC32 0x1db3ec64 	Previous-GTIDs
# [empty]
# at 156
#220308 22:18:03 server id 101  end_log_pos 207 CRC32 0x90752069 	Rotate to web-relay-bin.000002  pos: 4
SET @@SESSION.GTID_NEXT= 'AUTOMATIC' /* added by mysqlbinlog */ /*!*/;
DELIMITER ;
# End of log file
/*!50003 SET COMPLETION_TYPE=@OLD_COMPLETION_TYPE*/;
/*!50530 SET @@SESSION.PSEUDO_SLAVE_MODE=0*/;

# at 4	# at 125 # at 156指的是binlog对应的数值

刷新权限

flush privilege;
举报

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