null首先跟char、varchar、bpchar(blank padded character)、text有关系。在oracle中,则与char、varchar2、clob有关。
其次,涉及的范围比较广,''、null、=、!=、is null、is not null、替换、计算长度、类型强转如cast(null as date),以及它们之间的组合。
zjh@postgres=# select null = '';
?column?
----------
f
(1 row)
zjh@postgres=# select null = null;
?column?
----------
t
(1 row)
zjh@postgres=# select null is null;
?column?
----------
t
(1 row)
zjh@postgres=# select '' is null;
?column?
----------
f
(1 row)
zjh@postgres=# select '' = '';
?column?
----------
t
(1 row)
zjh@postgres=# select '' = ' ';
?column?
----------
f
(1 row)
zjh@postgres=# select '' = ' '::bpchar;
?column?
----------
t
(1 row)
zjh@postgres=# select '' = ' '::char;
?column?
----------
t
(1 row)
zjh@postgres=# select '' = ' '::varchar;
?column?
----------
f
(1
zjh@postgres=# select '' = ' '::text;
?column?
----------
f
(1 row)
zjh@postgres=# select '' = trim(' ')::text;
?column?
----------
t
(1 row)
zjh@postgres=# select '' = trim(' '::text);
?column?
----------
t
(1
zjh@postgres=# select 1 from t where '' = null;
?column?
----------
(0 rows)
zjh@postgres=# select sum(id) from t where '' = null;
sum
-----
(1 row)
zjh@postgres=# select max(id) from t where '' = null;
max
-----
(1
zjh@postgres=# select 'abc' = 'abc '::text;
?column?
----------
f
(1 row)
zjh@postgres=# select 'abc' = 'abc '::bpchar;
?column?
----------
t
(1 row)
zjh@postgres=# select 'abc' = ' abc'::bpchar;
?column?
----------
f
(1 row)
zjh@postgres=# select 'abc' = ' abc'::varchar;
?column?
----------
f
(1 row)
zjh@postgres=# select 'abc' = ' abc'::text;
?column?
----------
f
(1
zjh@postgres=# select trim('abc ') = 'abc '::bpchar;
?column?
----------
t
(1
zjh@postgres=# select replace('12345','4','');
replace
---------
1235
(1 row)
zjh@postgres=# select replace('12345','4',null);
replace
---------
(1 row)
zjh@postgres=#
zjh@postgres=# select replace('12345',null,null);
replace
---------
(1 row)
zjh@postgres=# select replace('12345','','');
replace
---------
12345
(1
zjh@postgres=# select length(null);
length
--------
(1 row)
zjh@postgres=# select length('');
length
--------
0
(1
zjh@postgres=# select 1 from t where cast('' AS DATE) is null;
ERROR: invalid input syntax for type date: ""
LINE 1: select 1 from t where cast('' AS DATE) is null;
^
zjh@postgres=# select 1 from t where cast(null AS DATE) is null;
?column?
----------
1
(1 row)
zjh@postgres=# select 1 from t where cast('' AS bpchar(10)) is null;
?column?
----------
(0 rows)
zjh@postgres=# select 1,cast('' AS bpchar(10)) from t;
?column? | bpchar
----------+------------
1 |
(1 row)
zjh@postgres=# select 1,length(cast('' AS bpchar(10))) from t;
?column? | length
----------+--------
1 | 0
(1 row)
zjh@postgres=# select 1,length(cast(null AS bpchar(10))) from t;
?column? | length
----------+--------
1 |
(1
-- 虽然pg中null和''都被诊断为unkown,但是内部处理貌似仍然不同
zjh@postgres=# select pg_typeof('');
pg_typeof
-----------
unknown
(1 row)
zjh@postgres=# select pg_typeof(null);
pg_typeof
-----------
unknown
(1
======================下面是不等于=====================
https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/functions-conditional.html#FUNCTIONS-COALESCE-NVL-IFNULL
https://linuxhint.com/bpchar-data-type-postgres/
https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/datatype-character.html
https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/postgresql-difference-between-char-varchar-and-text/
oracle中null的行为
SQL> select 1 from dual where '' = '';
no rows selected
SQL> select 1 from dual where null = null;
no rows selected
SQL> select 1 from dual where null is null;
1
----------
1
SQL> select 1 from dual where '' is null;
1
----------
1
SQL> select sum(id) from t_null where '' = null;
SUM(ID)
----------
SQL> select * from t_null where '' = null;
no rows selected
SQL> select max(id) from t_null where '' = null;
MAX(ID)
----------
SQL> select count(id) from t_null where '' = null;
COUNT(ID)
----------
0
SQL> select replace('12345','4','') from dual;
REPL
----
1235
SQL> select replace('12345','4',null) from dual;
REPL
----
1235
SQL> select replace('12345',null,null) from dual;
REPLA
-----
12345
SQL> select replace('12345','','') from dual;
REPLA
-----
12345
SQL> select length('') from dual;
LENGTH('')
----------
SQL> select length(null) from dual;
LENGTH(NULL)
------------
SQL>
SQL> select 1 from t where cast('' AS DATE) is null;
1
----------
1
SQL> select 1 from t where cast(null AS DATE) is null;
1
----------
1
SQL> select 1 from t where cast('' AS char(10)) is null;
1
----------
1
SQL> select 1,cast('' AS char(10)) from t;
1 CAST(''ASC
---------- ----------
1
SQL> select 1,length(cast('' AS char(10))) from t;
1 LENGTH(CAST(''ASCHAR(10)))
---------- --------------------------
1
SQL> select 1,length(cast(null AS char(10))) from t;
1 LENGTH(CAST(NULLASCHAR(10)))
---------- ----------------------------
1
==============================下面不等于===================
https://community.oracle.com/tech/developers/discussion/1053012/difference-between-null-and
https://cloud.tencent.com/developer/article/1052571
总结
在oracle里面,除了存储层面(包括PL/SQL)的char类型外,可以认为''几乎就是当做null来处理的,除了!=/=/in/not in操作外(因为本质上in、not in也是调用=/!=操作符实现的)。
但是在原生pg中,''和null的实现是不一样的,虽然都是unknown,但是内部仍然不是相同的。
LightDB Enterprise Postgres--金融级关系型数据库,更快、更稳、更懂金融!