鸿蒙HarmonyOS APP开发入门3——组件(八 输入框组件 )——TextField组件
文章目录
XML属性
TextField的共有XML属性继承自:Text
常见属性:
属性名称 | 功能说明 |
---|---|
hint | 提示文字 |
basement | 输入框基线的颜色 |
element_cursor_bubble | 设置提示气泡 |
element_selection_left_bubble | 设置选中之后左边的气泡 |
element_selection_right_bubble | 设置选中之后右边的气泡 |
text_input_type | 输入框中的输入类型(pattern_password密文展示) |
selection_color | 选中文字的颜色 |
创建TextField
在layout目录下的xml文件中创建一个TextField。
<TextField
...
ohos:id="$+id:text_field"
ohos:height="40vp"
ohos:width="200vp"
ohos:top_margin="100vp"
ohos:left_margin="80vp"
ohos:left_padding="20vp"
/>
获取输入框的内容:
TextField textField = (TextField) findComponentById(ResourceTable.Id_text_field);
String content = textField.getText();
设置TextField
设置TextField的背景
layout目录下xml文件的代码示例如下:
<TextField
...
ohos:background_element="$graphic:background_text_field"
/>
graphic目录下xml文件(例:background_text_field.xml)的代码示例如下:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<shape xmlns:ohos="http://schemas.huawei.com/res/ohos"
ohos:shape="rectangle">
<corners
ohos:radius="40"/>
<solid
ohos:color="#2788d9"/>
</shape><?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?><shape xmlns:ohos="http://schemas.huawei.com/res/ohos" ohos:shape="rectangle"> <corners ohos:radius="40"/> <solid ohos:color="#2788d9"/></shape>
设置TextField的提示文字
<TextField ... ohos:hint="Enter pho<TextField
...
ohos:hint="Enter phone number or email"
ohos:text_alignment="vertical_center"/>ne number or email" ohos:text_alignment="vertical_center"/>
创建后的TextField效果
设置Bubble
<TextField
...
ohos:element_cursor_bubble="$graphic:ele_cursor_bubble" />
其中ele_cursor_bubble.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<shape xmlns:ohos="http://schemas.huawei.com/res/ohos"
ohos:shape="rectangle">
<corners
ohos:radius="40"/>
<solid
ohos:color="#17a98e"/>
<stroke
ohos:color="#17a98e"
ohos:width="10"/>
</shape>
设置bubble的效果
设置TextField的内边距
<TextField
...
ohos:left_padding="24vp"
ohos:right_padding="24vp"
ohos:top_padding="8vp"
ohos:bottom_padding="8vp"/>
设置TextField的多行显示
<TextField
...
ohos:multiple_lines="true"/>
设置TextField不可用状态
通过TextField的Enable属性来控制文本框是否可用,当设置成false后,文本框输入功能不可用。
textField.setEnabled(false);
响应焦点变化
textField.setFocusChangedListener((component, isFocused) -> {
if (isFocused) {
// 获取到焦点
...
} else {
// 失去焦点
...
}
});
设置基线
<TextField
...
ohos:basement="#ff0000" />
设置基线的效果
实践运用
实践1
当点击登录按钮,将会出现错误提示,同时将会改变TextField的状态。
演示TextField错误提示效果
-
ability_text_field.xml代码示例:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <DirectionalLayout xmlns:ohos="http://schemas.huawei.com/res/ohos" ohos:width="match_parent" ohos:height="match_parent" ohos:background_element="#FF000000" ohos:orientation="vertical"> <StackLayout ohos:top_margin="60vp" ohos:width="match_parent" ohos:height="match_content" ohos:layout_alignment="center"> <TextField ohos:id="$+id:name_textField" ohos:width="600vp" ohos:height="match_content" ohos:multiple_lines="false" ohos:left_padding="24vp" ohos:right_padding="24vp" ohos:top_padding="8vp" ohos:bottom_padding="8vp" ohos:min_height="44vp" ohos:text_size="18fp" ohos:layout_alignment="center" ohos:text_alignment="vertical_center" ohos:background_element="$graphic:background_text_field" ohos:hint="Enter phone number or email" /> <Text ohos:visibility="hide" ohos:id="$+id:error_tip_text" ohos:width="match_content" ohos:height="match_content" ohos:top_padding="8vp" ohos:bottom_padding="8vp" ohos:right_margin="20vp" ohos:text="Incorrect account or password" ohos:text_size="18fp" ohos:text_color="red" ohos:layout_alignment="right"/> </StackLayout> <TextField ohos:top_margin="40vp" ohos:id="$+id:password_text_field" ohos:width="600vp" ohos:height="match_content" ohos:multiple_lines="false" ohos:left_padding="24vp" ohos:right_padding="24vp" ohos:top_padding="8vp" ohos:bottom_padding="8vp" ohos:min_height="44vp" ohos:text_size="18fp" ohos:layout_alignment="center" ohos:text_alignment="vertical_center" ohos:background_element="$graphic:background_text_field" ohos:hint="Enter password" /> <Button ohos:top_margin="40vp" ohos:id="$+id:ensure_button" ohos:width="120vp" ohos:height="35vp" ohos:background_element="$graphic:background_btn" ohos:text="Log in" ohos:text_size="20fp" ohos:layout_alignment="horizontal_center"/> </DirectionalLayout>
background_text_field.xml代码示例:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?> <shape xmlns:ohos="http://schemas.huawei.com/res/ohos" ohos:shape="rectangle"> <corners ohos:radius="40"/> <solid ohos:color="white"/> <stroke ohos:color="black" ohos:width="6"/> </shape>
background_btn.xml代码示例:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?> <shape xmlns:ohos="http://schemas.huawei.com/res/ohos" ohos:shape="rectangle"> <corners ohos:radius="35"/> <solid ohos:color="white"/> </shape>
-
Java代码示例:
// 当点击登录,改变相应组件的样式 Button button = (Button) findComponentById(ResourceTable.Id_ensure_button); button.setClickedListener((component -> { // 显示错误提示的Text Text text = (Text) findComponentById(ResourceTable.Id_error_tip_text); text.setVisibility(Component.VISIBLE); // 显示TextField错误状态下的样式 ShapeElement errorElement = new ShapeElement(this, ResourceTable.Graphic_background_text_field_error); TextField textField = (TextField) findComponentById(ResourceTable.Id_name_textField); textField.setBackground(errorElement); // TextField失去焦点 textField.clearFocus(); }));
其中background_text_field_error.xml代码示例:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?> <shape xmlns:ohos="http://schemas.huawei.com/res/ohos" ohos:shape="rectangle"> <corners ohos:radius="40"/> <solid ohos:color="gray"/> <stroke ohos:color="#E74C3C" ohos:width="6"/> </shape>
实践2
获取文本输入框中的内容并进行吐司提示
xml文件
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<DirectionalLayout
xmlns:ohos="http://schemas.huawei.com/res/ohos"
ohos:height="match_parent" ohos:width="match_parent"
ohos:background_element="#F2F2F2"
ohos:orientation="vertical" >
<TextField
ohos:id="$+id:text"
ohos:height="50vp"
ohos:width="319vp"
ohos:background_element="#FFFFFF"
ohos:hint="请输入信息"
ohos:hint_color="#999999"
ohos:layout_alignment="horizontal_center"
ohos:text_alignment="center"
ohos:text_size="17fp"
ohos:top_margin="100vp"/>
<Button
ohos:id="$+id:but"
ohos:height="47vp"
ohos:width="319vp"
ohos:background_element="#21a8FD"
ohos:layout_alignment="center"
ohos:text="获取信息"
ohos:text_alignment="center"
ohos:text_color="#FEFEFE"
ohos:text_size="24vp"
ohos:top_margin="77vp"/>
</DirectionalLayout>
Java代码
public class MainAbilitySlice extends AbilitySlice implements Component.ClickedListener {
TextField tf; Button but; @Override
public void onStart(Intent intent) {
super.onStart(intent);
super.setUIContent(ResourceTable.Layout_ability_main);
//1.找到文本输入框组件对象
tf = (TextField) findComponentById(ResourceTable.Id_text);
//找到按钮组件对象
but = (Button) findComponentById(ResourceTable.Id_but);
//2.给按钮绑定一个点击事件 //当点击了按钮之后,就要获取文本输入框中的内容
but.setClickedListener(this);
}
@Override
public void onActive() {
super.onActive();
}
@Override
public void onForeground(Intent intent) {
super.onForeground(intent);
}
@Override
public void onClick(Component component) {
//当点击了按钮之后,获取文本输入框中的内容
String message = tf.getText();
//利用一个吐司将信息弹出
ToastDialog td = new ToastDialog(this);
//大小不用设置,默认就是包裹内容的
//自动关闭不用设置,默认到了时间之后就自动关闭
//持续时间可以不用设置,默认2秒 //设置吐司的背景。
td.setTransparent(true);
//位置(默认居中)
td.setAlignment(LayoutAlignment.BOTTOM);
//设置一个偏移
td.setOffset(0,200);
//设置吐司的内容
td.setText(message);
//让吐司出现
td.show();
}
}
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