什么是docker

docker中的容器：

lxc --> libcontainer --> runC

OCI&OCF

OCI

Open Container-initiative (开放的容器规范)

由Linux基金会主导于2015年6月创立
旨在围绕容器格式和运行时制定一个开放的工业化标准
contains two specifications
- the Runtime Specification（runtime-spec）
- the Image Specification（image-spec）

OCF

Open Container Format （开放的容器格式）

runC是一个命令行工具，用于根据OCI规范来创建和运行容器

容器作为runC的子进程启动，可以嵌入到其他各种系统中，而不需要运行守护进程
runC构建在libcontainer之上，同样的容器技术支撑着数以百万计的Docker Engine安装

docker提供了一个专门容纳容器镜像的站点：https://hub.docker.com

docker架构

在这里插入图片描述

docker镜像与镜像仓库

为什么镜像仓库名字是Registry而不是repository？在docker中仓库的名字是以应用的名称取名的。

在这里插入图片描述

镜像是静态的，而容器是动态的，容器有其生命周期，镜像与容器的关系类似于程序与进程的关系。镜像类似于文件系统中的程序文件，而容器则类似于将一个程序运行起来的状态，也即进程。所以容器是可以删除的，容器被删除后其镜像是不会被删除的。

docker对象

当你使用docker时，你是在创建和使用图像、容器、网络、卷、插件和其他对象。

IMAGES (镜像）
- 镜像是一个只读模板，带有创建docker容器的说明。
- 通常，一个镜像基于另一个镜像，并带有一些额外的定制。
- 您可以创建自己的镜像，也可以只使用其他人创建并在注册表中发布的镜像。
CONTAINERS （容器）
- 容器是一个运行中的镜像。
- 您可以使用docker 的API或CLI创建、运行、停止、移动或删除容器。
- 您可以将一个容器连接到一个或多个网络，将存储附加到它，甚至根据它的当前状态创建一个新镜像。

安装及使用docker

docker安装

配置yum源
地址：https://developer.aliyun.com/mirror/

[root@localhost ~]# cd /etc/yum.repos.d/
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# ls
redhat.repo
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# rm -rf *
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# ls
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# cat /etc/redhat-release
Red Hat Enterprise Linux release 8.5 (Ootpa)
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# curl -o /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo https://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-vault-8.5.2111.repo
  % Total    % Received % Xferd  Average Speed   Time    Time     Time  Current
                                 Dload  Upload   Total   Spent    Left  Speed
100  2495  100  2495    0     0   5144      0 --:--:-- --:--:-- --:--:--  5133
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# sed -i -e '/mirrors.cloud.aliyuncs.com/d' -e '/mirrors.aliyuncs.com/d' /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# yum install -y https://mirrors.aliyun.com/epel/epel-release-latest-8.noarch.rpm
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# sed -i 's|^#baseurl=https://download.example/pub|baseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com|' /etc/yum.repos.d/epel*
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# sed -i 's|^metalink|#metalink|' /etc/yum.repos.d/epel*
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# yum clean all      //清除缓存
18 files removed
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# dnf makecahce    //建立缓存

配置docker源
地址：https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/

[root@localhost ~]# dnf -y install vim wget 
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# wget https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# ls
CentOS-Base.repo  docker-ce.repo  epel-modular.repo  epel.repo  epel-testing-modular.repo  epel-testing.repo  redhat.repo
[root@localhost ~]# dnf makecache

安装docker

[root@localhost ~]# dnf list all|grep docker  //过滤
containerd.io.x86_64                                              1.5.11-3.1.el8                                         docke-ce-stable
docker-ce.x86_64                                                  3:20.10.14-3.el8                                       docke-ce-stable
docker-ce-cli.x86_64                                              1:20.10.14-3.el8                                       docke-ce-stable
docker-ce-rootless-extras.x86_64                                  20.10.14-3.el8                                         docke-ce-stable
docker-compose-plugin.x86_64                                      2.3.3-3.el8                                            docke-ce-stable
docker-scan-plugin.x86_64                                         0.17.0-3.el8                                           docke-ce-stable
pcp-pmda-docker.x86_64                                            5.3.1-5.el8                                            AppStream       
podman-docker.noarch                                              3.3.1-9.module_el8.5.0+988+b1f0b741                    AppStream       
python-docker-tests.noarch                                        5.0.0-2.el8                                            epel            
python2-dockerpty.noarch                                          0.4.1-18.el8                                           epel            
python3-docker.noarch                                             5.0.0-2.el8                                            epel            
python3-dockerpty.noarch                                          0.4.1-18.el8                                           epel            
standard-test-roles-inventory-docker.noarch                       4.10-1.el8                                             epel  
[root@localhost ~]# dnf -y install docker-ce

docker加速

docker-ce的配置文件是/etc/docker/daemon.json，此文件默认不存在，需要我们手动创建并进行配置，而docker的加速就是通过配置此文件来实现的。

docker的加速有多种方式：

docker cn
中国科技大学加速器
阿里云加速器（需要通过阿里云开发者平台注册帐号，免费使用个人私有的加速器）

[root@localhost ~]# ls /etc/docker    //默认是没有这个目录的
ls: cannot access '/etc/docker': No such file or directory
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl enable --now docker    //设置为开机自启
Created symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/docker.service →     /usr/lib/systemd/system/docker.service.
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl status docker   //查看状态
● docker.service - Docker Application Container Engine
   Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/docker.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled)
   Active: active (running) since Sun 2022-04-24 17:44:03 CST; 1min 8s ago
     Docs: https://docs.docker.com
 Main PID: 13094 (dockerd)
    Tasks: 8
   Memory: 30.4M
   CGroup: /system.slice/docker.service
           └─13094 /usr/bin/dockerd -H fd:// --containerd=/run/containerd/containerd.sock

Apr 24 17:44:02 localhost.localdomain dockerd[13094]: time="2022-04-24T17:44:02.232871651+08:00" level=warning msg="Your kerne>
Apr 24 17:44:02 localhost.localdomain dockerd[13094]: time="2022-04-24T17:44:02.232924319+08:00" level=warning msg="Your kerne>
Apr 24 17:44:02 localhost.localdomain dockerd[13094]: time="2022-04-24T17:44:02.233132619+08:00" level=info msg="Loading conta>
Apr 24 17:44:03 localhost.localdomain dockerd[13094]: time="2022-04-24T17:44:03.049223643+08:00" level=info msg="Default bridg>
Apr 24 17:44:03 localhost.localdomain dockerd[13094]: time="2022-04-24T17:44:03.158757652+08:00" level=info msg="Firewalld: in>
Apr 24 17:44:03 localhost.localdomain dockerd[13094]: time="2022-04-24T17:44:03.278197064+08:00" level=info msg="Loading conta>
Apr 24 17:44:03 localhost.localdomain dockerd[13094]: time="2022-04-24T17:44:03.295548571+08:00" level=info msg="Docker daemon>
Apr 24 17:44:03 localhost.localdomain dockerd[13094]: time="2022-04-24T17:44:03.295731864+08:00" level=info msg="Daemon has co>
Apr 24 17:44:03 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: Started Docker Application Container Engine.
Apr 24 17:44:03 localhost.localdomain dockerd[13094]: time="2022-04-24T17:44:03.319648356+08:00" level=info msg="API listen on>
[root@localhost ~]# ls /etc/docker    //启动会自动创建目录
key.json

在这里插入图片描述
配置镜像加速器

[root@localhost ~]# cd /etc/docker
[root@localhost docker]# ls
key.json
[root@localhost docker]# vim daemon.json
[root@localhost docker]# cat daemon.json 
{
  "registry-mirrors": ["https://bxrtqrie.mirror.aliyuncs.com"]
}
[root@localhost docker]# systemctl daemon-reload
[root@localhost docker]# systemctl restart docker

[root@localhost docker]# systemctl daemon-reload    //重新加载
[root@localhost docker]# systemctl restart docker     //重启

列出docker运行的环境

[root@localhost ~]# docker info
Client:     //客户端
 Context:    default
 Debug Mode: false
 Plugins:
  app: Docker App (Docker Inc., v0.9.1-beta3)
  buildx: Docker Buildx (Docker Inc., v0.8.1-docker)
  scan: Docker Scan (Docker Inc., v0.17.0)

Server:    //服务端
 Containers: 0   //容器
  Running: 0     //正在运行的
  Paused: 0      //暂停的
  Stopped: 0     //停止的
 Images: 0     //镜像
 Server Version: 20.10.14
 Storage Driver: overlay2
  Backing Filesystem: xfs
  Supports d_type: true
  Native Overlay Diff: true
  userxattr: false
 Logging Driver: json-file
 Cgroup Driver: cgroupfs
 Cgroup Version: 1
 Plugins:    //插件
  Volume: local
  Network: bridge host ipvlan macvlan null overlay
  Log: awslogs fluentd gcplogs gelf journald json-file local logentries splunk syslog
 Swarm: inactive
 Runtimes: io.containerd.runc.v2 io.containerd.runtime.v1.linux runc
 Default Runtime: runc
 Init Binary: docker-init
 containerd version: 3df54a852345ae127d1fa3092b95168e4a88e2f8
 runc version: v1.0.3-0-gf46b6ba
 init version: de40ad0
 Security Options:
  seccomp
   Profile: default
 Kernel Version: 4.18.0-348.el8.x86_64
 Operating System: Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8.5 (Ootpa)
 OSType: linux
 Architecture: x86_64
 CPUs: 2
 Total Memory: 1.748GiB
 Name: localhost.localdomain
 ID: ZD2F:B7WG:3J7K:NFXG:WALF:KDP3:XYB7:PP2C:I5YR:PMTB:X7MM:STJE
 Docker Root Dir: /var/lib/docker
 Debug Mode: false
 Registry: https://index.docker.io/v1/
 Labels:
 Experimental: false
 Insecure Registries:
  127.0.0.0/8
 Registry Mirrors:
  https://bxrtqrie.mirror.aliyuncs.com/    //看到这个表示配置成功
 Live Restore Enabled: false

查看版本号

[root@localhost ~]# docker version
Client: Docker Engine - Community
 Version:           20.10.14
 API version:       1.41
 Go version:        go1.16.15
 Git commit:        a224086
 Built:             Thu Mar 24 01:47:44 2022
 OS/Arch:           linux/amd64
 Context:           default
 Experimental:      true

Server: Docker Engine - Community
 Engine:
  Version:          20.10.14
  API version:      1.41 (minimum version 1.12)
  Go version:       go1.16.15
  Git commit:       87a90dc
  Built:            Thu Mar 24 01:46:10 2022
  OS/Arch:          linux/amd64
  Experimental:     false
 containerd:
  Version:          1.5.11
  GitCommit:        3df54a852345ae127d1fa3092b95168e4a88e2f8
 runc:
  Version:          1.0.3
  GitCommit:        v1.0.3-0-gf46b6ba
 docker-init:
  Version:          0.19.0
  GitCommit:        de40ad0

docker常用操作

命令	功能
docker search	Search the Docker Hub for images
docker pull	Pull an image or a repository from a registry
docker images	List images
docker create	Create a new conntainer
docker start	Start one or more stopped containers
docker run	Run a command in a new container
docker attach	Attach to a runninng container
docker ps	List containers
docker logs	Fetch the logs of a container
docker restart	Restart a container
docker stop	Stop one or more running containers
docker kill	Kill one or more running containers
docker rm	Remove onne or more containers
docker exec	Run a command in a running container
docker info	Display system-wide information
docker inspect	Return low-level information on Docker objects

[root@localhost ~]# docker search httpd   //搜索httpd镜像
NAME                                    DESCRIPTION                                     STARS     OFFICIAL   AUTOMATED
httpd                                   The Apache HTTP Server Project                  3976      [OK]       
centos/httpd-24-centos7                 Platform for running Apache httpd 2.4 or bui…   44                   
centos/httpd                                                                            35                   [OK]
solsson/httpd-openidc                   mod_auth_openidc on official httpd image, ve…   2                    [OK]
hypoport/httpd-cgi                      httpd-cgi                                       2                    [OK]
dariko/httpd-rproxy-ldap                Apache httpd reverse proxy with LDAP authent…   1                    [OK]
manageiq/httpd                          Container with httpd, built on CentOS for Ma…   1                    [OK]
dockerpinata/httpd                                                                      1                    
publici/httpd                           httpd:latest                                    1                    [OK]
clearlinux/httpd                        httpd HyperText Transfer Protocol (HTTP) ser…   1                    
jonathanheilmann/httpd-alpine-rewrite   httpd:alpine with enabled mod_rewrite           1                    [OK]
inanimate/httpd-ssl                     A play container with httpd, ssl enabled, an…   1                    [OK]
centos/httpd-24-centos8                                                                 1                    
lead4good/httpd-fpm                     httpd server which connects via fcgi proxy h…   1                    [OK]
manageiq/httpd_configmap_generator      Httpd Configmap Generator                       0                    [OK]
e2eteam/httpd                                                                           0                    
paketobuildpacks/httpd                                                                  0                    
httpdocker/kubia-unhealthy                                                              0                    
manasip/httpd                                                                           0                    
19022021/httpd-connection_test          This httpd image will test the connectivity …   0                    
patrickha/httpd-err                                                                     0                    
httpdocker/kubia                                                                        0                    
sandeep1988/httpd-new                   httpd-new                                       0                    
itsziget/httpd24                        Extended HTTPD Docker image based on the off…   0                    [OK]
httpdss/archerysec                      ArcherySec repository                           0                    [OK]

在这里插入图片描述
列出

[root@localhost ~]# docker images    //列出所有镜像
REPOSITORY   TAG       IMAGE ID   CREATED   SIZE
镜像仓库      版本         id         创建      大小

从镜像仓库中拉取镜像

[root@localhost ~]# docker pull httpd   //拉取镜像，默认下载最新版本
Using default tag: latest
latest: Pulling from library/httpd
a2abf6c4d29d: Pull complete 
dcc4698797c8: Pull complete 
41c22baa66ec: Pull complete 
67283bbdd4a0: Pull complete 
d982c879c57e: Pull complete 
Digest: sha256:0954cc1af252d824860b2c5dc0a10720af2b7a3d3435581ca788dff8480c7b32
Status: Downloaded newer image for httpd:latest
docker.io/library/httpd:latest
[root@localhost ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY   TAG       IMAGE ID       CREATED        SIZE
httpd        latest    dabbfbe0c57b   4 months ago   144MB
[root@localhost ~]# docker pull httpd:2.4.53   //指定拉取镜像版本
2.4.53: Pulling from library/httpd
1fe172e4850f: Pull complete 
e2fa1fe9b1ec: Pull complete 
60dd7398e74e: Pull complete 
ea2ca81c6d4c: Pull complete 
f646c69a26ec: Pull complete 
Digest: sha256:e02a2ef36151905c790efb0a8472f690010150f062639bd8c0760e7b1e884c07
Status: Downloaded newer image for httpd:2.4.53
docker.io/library/httpd:2.4.53
[root@localhost ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY   TAG       IMAGE ID       CREATED        SIZE
httpd        2.4.53    c30a46771695   4 days ago     144MB
httpd        latest    dabbfbe0c57b   4 months ago   144MB

创建容器

[root@localhost ~]# docker create --name web -p 80:80 httpd    //创建容器 
8a72caa3468adf84049fecd72875f3a2c183c1aff397d608d8f03b3df0e4d305
[root@localhost ~]# docker ps    //列出正在运行的容器
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND   CREATED   STATUS    PORTS     NAMES
[root@localhost ~]# docker ps -a    //查看所有容器
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND              CREATED              STATUS    PORTS     NAMES
8a72caa3468a   httpd     "httpd-foreground"   About a minute ago   Created             web
[root@localhost ~]# docker start web     //运行容器
web
[root@localhost ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND              CREATED         STATUS         PORTS                               NAMES
8a72caa3468a   httpd     "httpd-foreground"   2 minutes ago   Up 9 seconds   0.0.0.0:80->80/tcp, :::80->80/tcp   web
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl disable --now firewalld    //关闭防火墙
Removed /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/firewalld.service.
Removed /etc/systemd/system/dbus-org.fedoraproject.FirewallD1.service.
[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/selinux/config
SELINUX=disabled     //修改此行
[root@localhost ~]# setenforce 0

在这里插入图片描述
停止容器

[root@localhost ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND              CREATED         STATUS         PORTS                               NAMES
8a72caa3468a   httpd     "httpd-foreground"   7 minutes ago   Up 5 minutes   0.0.0.0:80->80/tcp, :::80->80/tcp   web
[root@localhost ~]# docker stop 8a72caa3468a     //用id停止容器
8a72caa3468a
[root@localhost ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND   CREATED   STATUS    PORTS     NAMES

重新启动容器

[root@localhost ~]# systemctl start --now firewalld    //打开防火墙
[root@localhost ~]# docker start web    //运行容器
web
[root@localhost ~]# docker ps  
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND              CREATED          STATUS         PORTS                               NAMES
8a72caa3468a   httpd     "httpd-foreground"   11 minutes ago   Up 6 seconds   0.0.0.0:80->80/tcp, :::80->80/tcp   web
[root@localhost ~]# docker restart web   //重新启动
web
[root@localhost ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND              CREATED          STATUS         PORTS                               NAMES
8a72caa3468a   httpd     "httpd-foreground"   20 minutes ago   Up 4 seconds   0.0.0.0:80->80/tcp, :::80->80/tcp   web

防火墙放行

[root@localhost ~]# firewall-cmd --add-rich-rule 'rule family=ipv4 source address=0.0.0.0/0 service name=http accept' --permanent   //富规则
success
[root@localhost ~]# firewall-cmd --reload    //重新加载
success
[root@localhost ~]# firewall-cmd --list-all
public (active)
  target: default
  icmp-block-inversion: no
  interfaces: ens160
  sources: 
  services: cockpit dhcpv6-client ssh
  ports: 
  protocols: 
  forward: no
  masquerade: no
  forward-ports: 
  source-ports: 
  icmp-blocks: 
  rich rules: 
	rule family="ipv4" source address="0.0.0.0/0" service name="http" accept

杀掉容器

[root@localhost ~]# docker kill web   // stop正常退出 kill强制关闭
web
[root@localhost ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND   CREATED   STATUS    PORTS     NAMES

查看日志

[root@localhost ~]# docker logs web   
AH00558: httpd: Could not reliably determine the server's fully qualified domain name, using 172.17.0.2. Set the 'ServerName' directive globally to suppress this message
AH00558: httpd: Could not reliably determine the server's fully qualified domain name, using 172.17.0.2. Set the 'ServerName' directive globally to suppress this message
[Sun Apr 24 11:22:38.318476 2022] [mpm_event:notice] [pid 1:tid 140111177428288] AH00489: Apache/2.4.52 (Unix) configured -- resuming normal operations
[Sun Apr 24 11:22:38.318748 2022] [core:notice] [pid 1:tid 140111177428288] AH00094: Command line: 'httpd -D FOREGROUND'
172.17.0.1 - - [24/Apr/2022:11:26:51 +0000] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 200 45
172.17.0.1 - - [24/Apr/2022:11:26:54 +0000] "GET /favicon.ico HTTP/1.1" 404 196
172.17.0.1 - - [24/Apr/2022:11:27:46 +0000] "-" 408 -
[Sun Apr 24 11:28:44.838964 2022] [mpm_event:notice] [pid 1:tid 140111177428288] AH00492: caught SIGWINCH, shutting down gracefully
AH00558: httpd: Could not reliably determine the server's fully qualified domain name, using 172.17.0.2. Set the 'ServerName' directive globally to suppress this message
AH00558: httpd: Could not reliably determine the server's fully qualified domain name, using 172.17.0.2. Set the 'ServerName' directive globally to suppress this message
[Sun Apr 24 11:31:54.183400 2022] [mpm_event:notice] [pid 1:tid 140595145936192] AH00489: Apache/2.4.52 (Unix) configured -- resuming normal operations
[Sun Apr 24 11:31:54.183585 2022] [core:notice] [pid 1:tid 140595145936192] AH00094: Command line: 'httpd -D FOREGROUND'
192.168.50.1 - - [24/Apr/2022:11:32:41 +0000] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 304 -
192.168.50.1 - - [24/Apr/2022:11:32:42 +0000] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 304 -
192.168.50.1 - - [24/Apr/2022:11:32:43 +0000] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 304 -
192.168.50.1 - - [24/Apr/2022:11:32:44 +0000] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 304 -
192.168.50.1 - - [24/Apr/2022:11:32:44 +0000] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 304 -
192.168.50.1 - - [24/Apr/2022:11:32:45 +0000] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 304 -
192.168.50.1 - - [24/Apr/2022:11:32:45 +0000] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 304 -
192.168.50.1 - - [24/Apr/2022:11:32:45 +0000] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 304 -
192.168.50.1 - - [24/Apr/2022:11:32:48 +0000] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 304 -
192.168.50.1 - - [24/Apr/2022:11:33:33 +0000] "-" 408 -
192.168.50.1 - - [24/Apr/2022:11:37:06 +0000] "-" 408 -
192.168.50.1 - - [24/Apr/2022:11:37:06 +0000] "-" 408 -
[Sun Apr 24 11:41:00.972713 2022] [mpm_event:notice] [pid 1:tid 140595145936192] AH00492: caught SIGWINCH, shutting down gracefully
AH00558: httpd: Could not reliably determine the server's fully qualified domain name, using 172.17.0.2. Set the 'ServerName' directive globally to suppress this message
AH00558: httpd: Could not reliably determine the server's fully qualified domain name, using 172.17.0.2. Set the 'ServerName' directive globally to suppress this message
[Sun Apr 24 11:41:02.595618 2022] [mpm_event:notice] [pid 1:tid 139810815487296] AH00489: Apache/2.4.52 (Unix) configured -- resuming normal operations
[Sun Apr 24 11:41:02.595727 2022] [core:notice] [pid 1:tid 139810815487296] AH00094: Command line: 'httpd -D FOREGROUND'
AH00558: httpd: Could not reliably determine the server's fully qualified domain name, using 172.17.0.2. Set the 'ServerName' directive globally to suppress this message
AH00558: httpd: Could not reliably determine the server's fully qualified domain name, using 172.17.0.2. Set the 'ServerName' directive globally to suppress this message
[Sun Apr 24 11:45:21.838953 2022] [mpm_event:notice] [pid 1:tid 139953692400960] AH00489: Apache/2.4.52 (Unix) configured -- resuming normal operations
[Sun Apr 24 11:45:21.839195 2022] [core:notice] [pid 1:tid 139953692400960] AH00094: Command line: 'httpd -D FOREGROUND'
192.168.50.1 - - [24/Apr/2022:11:45:37 +0000] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 304 -
192.168.50.1 - - [24/Apr/2022:11:45:39 +0000] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 304 -

删除容器，可以删除一个或多个，但不能删除正在运行的容器

[root@localhost ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND              CREATED          STATUS         PORTS                               NAMES
8a72caa3468a   httpd     "httpd-foreground"   32 minutes ago   Up 8 minutes   0.0.0.0:80->80/tcp, :::80->80/tcp   web
[root@localhost ~]# docker rm -f 8a72caa3468a    //-f强制删除正在运行的容器
8a72caa3468a
[root@localhost ~]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND   CREATED   STATUS    PORTS     NAMES

从镜像仓库拉取busybox创建一个容器

[root@localhost ~]# docker run -it --name yyqx busybox /bin/sh    //it交互模式 
Unable to find image 'busybox:latest' locally
latest: Pulling from library/busybox
5cc84ad355aa: Pull complete 
Digest: sha256:5acba83a746c7608ed544dc1533b87c737a0b0fb730301639a0179f9344b1678
Status: Downloaded newer image for busybox:latest
/ # ip a     //进入容器里面，查看容器ip
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue qlen 1000
    link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
    inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
14: eth0@if15: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP,M-DOWN> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue 
    link/ether 02:42:ac:11:00:02 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 172.17.0.2/16 brd 172.17.255.255 scope global eth0
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
/ # exit    //退出后容器停止了
 [root@localhost ~]# docker start yyqx   //启动后默认进不去
yyqx

[root@localhost ~]# docker attach yyqx     //进去以后退出默认停止容器
/ # exit
[root@localhost ~]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND     CREATED         STATUS                     PORTS     NAMES
86e83715dda9   busybox   "/bin/sh"   5 minutes ago   Exited (0) 6 seconds ago             yyqx

[root@localhost ~]# docker start yyqx
yyqx
[root@localhost ~]# docker exec -it yyqx /bin/sh     //退出后，容器还在运行
/ # exit        
[root@localhost ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND     CREATED         STATUS          PORTS     NAMES
86e83715dda9   busybox   "/bin/sh"   7 minutes ago   Up 40 seconds             yyqx

docker的基础