MYSQL CONCAT函数
concat
- SQL CONCAT函数用于将两个字符串连接起来，形成一个单一的字符串。试试下面的例子：
SQL> SELECT CONCAT('FIRST ', 'SECOND');
+----------------------------+
| CONCAT('FIRST ', 'SECOND') |
+----------------------------+
| FIRST SECOND |
+----------------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)- 想要更详细了解CONCAT函数，考虑EMPLOYEE_TBL的表具有以下记录：
SQL> SELECT * FROM employee_tbl;
+------+------+------------+--------------------+
| id | name | work_date | daily_typing_pages |
+------+------+------------+--------------------+
| 1 | John | 2007-01-24 | 250 |
| 2 | Ram | 2007-05-27 | 220 |
| 3 | Jack | 2007-05-06 | 170 |
| 3 | Jack | 2007-04-06 | 100 |
| 4 | Jill | 2007-04-06 | 220 |
| 5 | Zara | 2007-06-06 | 300 |
| 5 | Zara | 2007-02-06 | 350 |
+------+------+------------+--------------------+
7 rows in set (0.00 sec)
- 现在，假设根据上述表要连接名员工ID和work_date，那么你可以使用下面的命令：
SQL> SELECT CONCAT(id, name, work_date)
-> FROM employee_tbl;
+-----------------------------+
| CONCAT(id, name, work_date) |
+-----------------------------+
| 1John2007-01-24 |
| 2Ram2007-05-27 |
| 3Jack2007-05-06 |
| 3Jack2007-04-06 |
| 4Jill2007-04-06 |
| 5Zara2007-06-06 |
| 5Zara2007-02-06 |
+-----------------------------+
7 rows in set (0.00 sec)
concat_ws
- 使用方法：
- CONCAT_WS(separator,str1,str2,...)
- CONCAT_WS() 代表 CONCAT With Separator ，是CONCAT()的特殊形式。第一个参数是其它参数的分隔符。分隔符的位置放在要连接的两个字符串之间。分隔符可以是一个字符串，也可以是其它参数。
- 注意：
- 如果分隔符为 NULL，则结果为 NULL。函数会忽略任何分隔符参数后的 NULL 值。如连接后以逗号分隔
mysql> select concat_ws(',','11','22','33');+-------------------------------+
| concat_ws(',','11','22','33') |
+-------------------------------+
| 11,22,33 |
+-------------------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)- 和MySQL中concat函数不同的是, concat_ws函数在执行的时候,不会因为NULL值而返回NULL
mysql> select concat_ws(',','11','22',NULL);
+-------------------------------+
| concat_ws(',','11','22',NULL) |
+-------------------------------+
| 11,22 |
+-------------------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)group_concat
- 完整的语法如下：
- group_concat([DISTINCT] 要连接的字段 [Order BY ASC/DESC 排序字段] [Separator '分隔符'])
mysql> select * from aa;
+------+------+
| id| name |
+------+------+
|1 | 10|
|1 | 20|
|1 | 20|
|2 | 20|
|3 | 200 |
|3 | 500 |
+------+------+
6 rows in set (0.00 sec)
- 以id分组，把name字段的值打印在一行，逗号分隔(默认)
mysql> select id,group_concat(name) from aa group by id;
+------+--------------------+
| id| group_concat(name) |
+------+--------------------+
|1 | 10,20,20|
|2 | 20 |
|3 | 200,500|
+------+--------------------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)
- 以id分组，把name字段的值打印在一行，分号分隔
mysql> select id,group_concat(name separator ';') from aa group by id;
+------+----------------------------------+
| id| group_concat(name separator ';') |
+------+----------------------------------+
|1 | 10;20;20 |
|2 | 20|
|3 | 200;500 |
+------+----------------------------------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)
- 以id分组，把去冗余的name字段的值打印在一行，逗号分隔
mysql> select id,group_concat(distinct name) from aa group by id;
+------+-----------------------------+
| id| group_concat(distinct name) |
+------+-----------------------------+
|1 | 10,20|
|2 | 20 |
|3 | 200,500 |
+------+-----------------------------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)
- 以id分组，把name字段的值打印在一行，逗号分隔，以name排倒序
mysql> select id,group_concat(name order by name desc) from aa group by id;
+------+---------------------------------------+
| id| group_concat(name order by name desc) |
+------+---------------------------------------+
|1 | 20,20,10 |
|2 | 20|
|3 | 500,200|
+------+---------------------------------------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)
