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Mysql数据库的基本操作

眼君 2022-04-21 阅读 53
服务器

数据库的创建应用

mysql> create database mingzi;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
//创建

mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database           |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mingzi             |
| mysql              |
| performance_schema |
| sys                |
+--------------------+
5 rows in set (0.01 sec)
//查看

mysql> use mingzi;
Database changed
//进入数据库

mysql> DROP DATABASE IF EXISTS mingzi;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
//数据库的删除

表的基本操作应用

mysql> create table wsm(id int(11) primary key auto_increment,name varchar(100) not null,age tinyint(4));
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
//创建一张表 往里面输入数据


mysql> desc wsm;
+-------+--------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
| Field | Type         | Null | Key | Default | Extra          |
+-------+--------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
| id    | int(11)      | NO   | PRI | NULL    | auto_increment |
| name  | varchar(100) | NO   |     | NULL    |                |
| age   | tinyint(4)   | YES  |     | NULL    |                |
+-------+--------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
3 rows in set (0.05 sec)
//查看这张表的结构

mysql> show tables;
+------------------+
| Tables_in_mingzi |
+------------------+
| wsm              |
+------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
//查看这张表


mysql> drop table wsm;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)

//表的删除

查看命令SHOW

//字符集查看

mysql> show character set;
+----------+---------------------------------+---------------------+--------+
| Charset  | Description                     | Default collation   | Maxlen |
+----------+---------------------------------+---------------------+--------+
| big5     | Big5 Traditional Chinese        | big5_chinese_ci     |      2 |
| dec8     | DEC West European               | dec8_swedish_ci     |      1 |
| cp850    | DOS West European               | cp850_general_ci    |      1 |
| hp8      | HP West European                | hp8_english_ci      |      1 |
| koi8r    | KOI8-R Relcom Russian           | koi8r_general_ci    |      1 |
| latin1   | cp1252 West European            | latin1_swedish_ci   |      1 |
| latin2   | ISO 8859-2 Central European     | latin2_general_ci   |      1 |
| swe7     | 7bit Swedish                    | swe7_swedish_ci     |      1 |
| ascii    | US ASCII                        | ascii_general_ci    |      1 |
| ujis     | EUC-JP Japanese                 | ujis_japanese_ci    |      3 |
| sjis     | Shift-JIS Japanese              | sjis_japanese_ci    |      2 |
| hebrew   | ISO 8859-8 Hebrew               | hebrew_general_ci   |      1 |
| tis620   | TIS620 Thai                     | tis620_thai_ci      |      1 |
| euckr    | EUC-KR Korean                   | euckr_korean_ci     |      2 |
| koi8u    | KOI8-U Ukrainian                | koi8u_general_ci    |      1 |
| gb2312   | GB2312 Simplified Chinese       | gb2312_chinese_ci   |      2 |
| greek    | ISO 8859-7 Greek                | greek_general_ci    |      1 |
| cp1250   | Windows Central European        | cp1250_general_ci   |      1 |
| gbk      | GBK Simplified Chinese          | gbk_chinese_ci      |      2 |
| latin5   | ISO 8859-9 Turkish              | latin5_turkish_ci   |      1 |
| armscii8 | ARMSCII-8 Armenian              | armscii8_general_ci |      1 |
| utf8     | UTF-8 Unicode                   | utf8_general_ci     |      3 |
| ucs2     | UCS-2 Unicode                   | ucs2_general_ci     |      2 |
| cp866    | DOS Russian                     | cp866_general_ci    |      1 |
| keybcs2  | DOS Kamenicky Czech-Slovak      | keybcs2_general_ci  |      1 |
| macce    | Mac Central European            | macce_general_ci    |      1 |
| macroman | Mac West European               | macroman_general_ci |      1 |
| cp852    | DOS Central European            | cp852_general_ci    |      1 |
| latin7   | ISO 8859-13 Baltic              | latin7_general_ci   |      1 |
| utf8mb4  | UTF-8 Unicode                   | utf8mb4_general_ci  |      4 |
| cp1251   | Windows Cyrillic                | cp1251_general_ci   |      1 |
| utf16    | UTF-16 Unicode                  | utf16_general_ci    |      4 |
| utf16le  | UTF-16LE Unicode                | utf16le_general_ci  |      4 |
| cp1256   | Windows Arabic                  | cp1256_general_ci   |      1 |
| cp1257   | Windows Baltic                  | cp1257_general_ci   |      1 |
| utf32    | UTF-32 Unicode                  | utf32_general_ci    |      4 |
| binary   | Binary pseudo charset           | binary              |      1 |
| geostd8  | GEOSTD8 Georgian                | geostd8_general_ci  |      1 |
| cp932    | SJIS for Windows Japanese       | cp932_japanese_ci   |      2 |
| eucjpms  | UJIS for Windows Japanese       | eucjpms_japanese_ci |      3 |
| gb18030  | China National Standard GB18030 | gb18030_chinese_ci  |      4 |
+----------+---------------------------------+---------------------+--------+
41 rows in set (0.00 sec)
//查看所有的字符集

//查看数据库当前所有的存储引擎

mysql> show engines;
+--------------------+---------+----------------------------------------------------------------+--------------+------+------------+
| Engine             | Support | Comment                                                        | Transactions | XA   | Savepoints |
+--------------------+---------+----------------------------------------------------------------+--------------+------+------------+
| InnoDB             | DEFAULT | Supports transactions, row-level locking, and foreign keys     | YES          | YES  | YES        |
| MRG_MYISAM         | YES     | Collection of identical MyISAM tables                          | NO           | NO   | NO         |
| MEMORY             | YES     | Hash based, stored in memory, useful for temporary tables      | NO           | NO   | NO         |
| BLACKHOLE          | YES     | /dev/null storage engine (anything you write to it disappears) | NO           | NO   | NO         |
| MyISAM             | YES     | MyISAM storage engine                                          | NO           | NO   | NO         |
| CSV                | YES     | CSV storage engine                                             | NO           | NO   | NO         |
| ARCHIVE            | YES     | Archive storage engine                                         | NO           | NO   | NO         |
| PERFORMANCE_SCHEMA | YES     | Performance Schema                                             | NO           | NO   | NO         |
| FEDERATED          | NO      | Federated MySQL storage engine                                 | NULL         | NULL | NULL       |
+--------------------+---------+----------------------------------------------------------------+--------------+------+------------+
9 rows in set (0.00 sec)

//查看每张表是怎么创建出来的

mysql> SHOW CREATE TABLE wsm;
+-------+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Table | Create Table                                                                                                                                                                              |
+-------+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| wsm   | CREATE TABLE `wsm` (
  `id` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
  `name` varchar(100) NOT NULL,
  `age` tinyint(4) DEFAULT NULL,
  PRIMARY KEY (`id`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1 |
+-------+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

//查看每张表的状态

mysql> SHOW TABLE STATUS LIKE 'student%'\G;
*************************** 1. row ***************************
           Name: student
         Engine: InnoDB
        Version: 10
     Row_format: Dynamic
           Rows: 0
 Avg_row_length: 0
    Data_length: 16384
Max_data_length: 0
   Index_length: 0
      Data_free: 0
 Auto_increment: NULL
    Create_time: 2022-04-20 16:08:16
    Update_time: NULL
     Check_time: NULL
      Collation: latin1_swedish_ci
       Checksum: NULL
 Create_options: 
        Comment: 
*************************** 2. row ***************************
           Name: student1
         Engine: InnoDB
        Version: 10
     Row_format: Dynamic
           Rows: 0
 Avg_row_length: 0
    Data_length: 16384
Max_data_length: 0
   Index_length: 0
      Data_free: 0
 Auto_increment: NULL
    Create_time: 2022-04-20 16:09:54
    Update_time: NULL
     Check_time: NULL
      Collation: latin1_swedish_ci
       Checksum: NULL
 Create_options: 
        Comment: 
*************************** 3. row ***************************
           Name: student2
         Engine: InnoDB
        Version: 10
     Row_format: Dynamic
           Rows: 0
 Avg_row_length: 0
    Data_length: 16384
Max_data_length: 0
   Index_length: 0
      Data_free: 0
 Auto_increment: NULL
    Create_time: 2022-04-20 16:10:36
    Update_time: NULL
     Check_time: NULL
      Collation: latin1_swedish_ci
       Checksum: NULL
 Create_options: 
        Comment: 
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)

ERROR: 
No query specified

获取帮助

mysql> help create database;
Name: 'CREATE DATABASE'
Description:
Syntax:
CREATE {DATABASE | SCHEMA} [IF NOT EXISTS] db_name
    [create_option] ...

create_option: [DEFAULT] {
    CHARACTER SET [=] charset_name
  | COLLATE [=] collation_name
}

CREATE DATABASE creates a database with the given name. To use this
statement, you need the CREATE privilege for the database. CREATE
SCHEMA is a synonym for CREATE DATABASE.

URL: https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/create-database.html


mysql> 


mysql> help create table;

DML操作

查看表中的内容

insert语句与select  updata语句的结合运用

mysql> desc student;
+-------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| Field | Type        | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+-------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| id    | int(11)     | NO   |     | NULL    |       |
| name  | varchar(30) | YES  |     | NULL    |       |
| age   | tinyint(4)  | YES  |     | NULL    |       |
+-------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> select * from student;
Empty set (0.00 sec)

在空表中插入内容

mysql> insert student value(1,'tom',15);
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)


mysql> select * from student;
+----+------+------+
| id | name | age  |
+----+------+------+
|  1 | tom  |   15 |
+----+------+------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)


mysql> insert info1(name,age) values('tom',15),('jerry',16);
Query OK, 2 rows affected (0.00 sec)
Records: 2  Duplicates: 0  Warnings: 0

mysql> select * from info1;
+----+-------+------+
| id | name  | age  |
+----+-------+------+
|  1 | tom   |   15 |
|  2 | jerry |   16 |
+----+-------+------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

//自动排序插入

//修改表里的内容

mysql> select * from info1;
+----+-------+------+
| id | name  | age  |
+----+-------+------+
|  1 | tom   |   15 |
|  2 | jerry |   16 |
+----+-------+------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> update info1 set age = 18 where id = 2;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
Rows matched: 1  Changed: 1  Warnings: 0

mysql> select * from info1;
+----+-------+------+
| id | name  | age  |
+----+-------+------+
|  1 | tom   |   15 |
|  2 | jerry |   18 |
+----+-------+------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

//只显示名字和年龄

mysql> select name,age from info1;
+-------+------+
| name  | age  |
+-------+------+
| tom   |   15 |
| jerry |   18 |
+-------+------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

//查找表中大于或等于某位数字的人

mysql> insert info1(name,age) values('zhangsan',16),('wangwu',19),('qianliu',220),('zhangsan',20);
Query OK, 4 rows affected (0.00 sec)
Records: 4  Duplicates: 0  Warnings: 0

mysql> insert info1(name) value('lisi');
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> select * from info1;
+----+----------+------+
| id | name     | age  |
+----+----------+------+
|  1 | tom      |   15 |
|  2 | jerry    |   18 |
|  3 | zhangsan |   16 |
|  4 | wangwu   |   19 |
|  5 | qianliu  |   20 |
|  6 | zhangsan |   20 |
|  7 | lisi     | NULL |
+----+----------+------+
7 rows in set (0.00 sec)


mysql> select * from info1 where age > 19;
+----+----------+------+
| id | name     | age  |
+----+----------+------+
|  5 | qianliu  |   20 |
|  6 | zhangsan |   20 |
+----+----------+------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> select * from info1 where age >=19;
+----+----------+------+
| id | name     | age  |
+----+----------+------+
|  4 | wangwu   |   19 |
|  5 | qianliu  |   20 |
|  6 | zhangsan |   20 |
+----+----------+------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)

between某位数到某位数直接的

mysql> select * from info1 where age between 18 and 20;
+----+----------+------+
| id | name     | age  |
+----+----------+------+
|  2 | jerry    |   18 |
|  4 | wangwu   |   19 |
|  5 | qianliu  |   20 |
|  6 | zhangsan |   20 |
+----+----------+------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)

not取反

mysql> select * from info1 where not age = 20;
+----+----------+------+
| id | name     | age  |
+----+----------+------+
|  1 | tom      |   15 |
|  2 | jerry    |   18 |
|  3 | zhangsan |   16 |
|  4 | wangwu   |   19 |
+----+----------+------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)

根据年龄排序

mysql> select * from info1 order by age;
+----+----------+------+
| id | name     | age  |
+----+----------+------+
|  7 | lisi     | NULL |
|  1 | tom      |   15 |
|  3 | zhangsan |   16 |
|  2 | jerry    |   18 |
|  4 | wangwu   |   19 |
|  5 | qianliu  |   20 |
|  6 | zhangsan |   20 |
+----+----------+------+
7 rows in set (0.00 sec)
//正序

mysql> select * from info1 order by age desc;
+----+----------+------+
| id | name     | age  |
+----+----------+------+
|  5 | qianliu  |   20 |
|  6 | zhangsan |   20 |
|  4 | wangwu   |   19 |
|  2 | jerry    |   18 |
|  3 | zhangsan |   16 |
|  1 | tom      |   15 |
|  7 | lisi     | NULL |
+----+----------+------+
7 rows in set (0.00 sec)
//倒序

mysql> select * from info1 order by age desc limit 1;
+----+---------+------+
| id | name    | age  |
+----+---------+------+
|  5 | qianliu |   20 |
+----+---------+------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> select name from info1 order by age desc limit 1;
+---------+
| name    |
+---------+
| qianliu |
+---------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
//取出年龄最小的

mysql> select * from info1 order by age desc limit 1,1;
+----+---------+------+
| id | name    | age  |
+----+---------+------+
|  5 | qianliu |   20 |
+----+---------+------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
//跳过一个在取一个

delete删除表中的内容表格却存在

mysql> select * from info1;
+----+----------+------+
| id | name     | age  |
+----+----------+------+
|  1 | tom      |   15 |
|  2 | jerry    |   18 |
|  3 | zhangsan |   16 |
|  4 | wangwu   |   19 |
|  5 | qianliu  |   20 |
|  6 | zhangsan |   20 |
|  7 | lisi     | NULL |
+----+----------+------+
7 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> delete from info1 where id = 8;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
//删除第8行内容

mysql> delete from info1;
Query OK, 7 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> select * from info1;
Empty set (0.00 sec)

//清空整张表

mysql> insert info1(name,age) value('tom',15);
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> select * from info1;
+----+------+------+
| id | name | age  |
+----+------+------+
|  8 | tom  |   15 |
+----+------+------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
//再次向表中插入内容一删除结尾的一行开始

truncate语句删除表中内容表也存在

mysql> truncate table info1;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)

mysql> insert info1(name,age) value('tom',15);
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> select * from info1;
+----+------+------+
| id | name | age  |
+----+------+------+
|  1 | tom  |   15 |
+----+------+------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

//truncate删除再次插入新的内容从第一列开始

DCL操作

3.1创建授权grant

权限类型(priv_type)

指定要操作的对象db_name.table_name

表示方式意义
*.*所有库的所有表
db_name指定库的所有表
db_name.table_name指定库的指定表
权限类型代表什么?
ALL所有权限
SELECT读取内容的权限
INSERT插入内容的权限
UPDATE更新内容的权限
DELETE删除内容的权限

授权给用户

mysql>  grant all on *.* to 'siming'@'localhost' identified by 'Siming540..'; 
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)

//创建一个siming用户给他授权

mysql> flush privileges;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

//刷新一下

mysql> SHOW GRANTS;
+---------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Grants for root@localhost                                           |
+---------------------------------------------------------------------+
| GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'root'@'localhost' WITH GRANT OPTION |
| GRANT PROXY ON ''@'' TO 'root'@'localhost' WITH GRANT OPTION        |
+---------------------------------------------------------------------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

//查看当前登录账户


mysql> show grants for 'siming'@'localhost';
+-----------------------------------------------------+
| Grants for siming@localhost                         |
+-----------------------------------------------------+
| GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'siming'@'localhost' |
+-----------------------------------------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

//查看siming用户的权限状态

取消授权

mysql> revoke select on *.* from 'siming'@'localhost';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
//取消权限
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