Linux /proc、/dev Principle Learning
目录
1. /proc简介
2. 内核机制相关
3. 进程信息
4. 硬件设备相关
5. 系统信息
6. /dev简介
7. 内存相关
1. /proc简介
在linux的根目录下有一个/proc目录，/proc文件系统是一个虚拟文件系统，通过它可以使用一种新的方法在Linux内核空间和用户空间之间进行通信。在/proc文件系统中，我们可以将对虚拟文件的读写作为与内核中实体进行通信的一种手段，但是与普通文件不同的是，这些虚拟文件的内容都是动态创建的(即在我们执行指令的那一刹那才产生的)
/proc文件系统包含了：
1. 一些目录(用作组织信息的方式)
例如linux对于当前运行中的每一个进程都在/proc目录下建立一个目录(目录名就是process-id)，例如init的进程号是1，则目录名也是1
2. 虚拟文件
虚拟文件可以向用户呈现内核中的一些信息，也可以用作一种从用户空间向内核发送信息的手段执行: ll /proc，我们可以得到如下结果
dr-xr-xr-x. 8 root root 0 Jul 28 20:31 1
dr-xr-xr-x. 8 root root 0 Jul 28 20:31 10
dr-xr-xr-x. 8 root root 0 Jul 28 20:31 1024
dr-xr-xr-x. 8 root root 0 Jul 28 20:31 11
dr-xr-xr-x. 8 root root 0 Jul 28 20:31 12
dr-xr-xr-x. 8 apache apache 0 Jul 30 05:08 12016
dr-xr-xr-x. 8 apache apache 0 Jul 30 05:08 12017
dr-xr-xr-x. 8 apache apache 0 Jul 30 05:08 12018
dr-xr-xr-x. 8 apache apache 0 Jul 30 05:08 12019
dr-xr-xr-x. 8 apache apache 0 Jul 30 05:08 12020
dr-xr-xr-x. 8 apache apache 0 Jul 30 05:08 12021
dr-xr-xr-x. 8 apache apache 0 Jul 30 05:08 12022
dr-xr-xr-x. 8 apache apache 0 Jul 30 05:08 12023
dr-xr-xr-x. 8 root root 0 Jul 28 20:31 13
dr-xr-xr-x. 8 root root 0 Jul 28 20:31 1329
dr-xr-xr-x. 8 root root 0 Jul 28 20:32 1349
dr-xr-xr-x. 8 root root 0 Jul 28 20:31 14
dr-xr-xr-x. 8 root root 0 Jul 28 20:31 147
dr-xr-xr-x. 8 root root 0 Jul 28 20:31 148
dr-xr-xr-x. 8 root root 0 Jul 28 20:31 149
dr-xr-xr-x. 8 root root 0 Jul 28 20:31 15
dr-xr-xr-x. 8 root root 0 Jul 30 00:14 15269
dr-xr-xr-x. 8 root root 0 Jul 28 20:31 154
dr-xr-xr-x. 8 root root 0 Jul 28 20:31 155
dr-xr-xr-x. 8 root root 0 Jul 28 20:31 16
dr-xr-xr-x. 8 root root 0 Jul 28 20:32 1613
dr-xr-xr-x. 8 root root 0 Jul 28 20:32 1638
dr-xr-xr-x. 8 root root 0 Jul 28 20:31 17
dr-xr-xr-x. 8 root root 0 Jul 30 17:07 17975
dr-xr-xr-x. 8 root root 0 Jul 28 20:31 18
dr-xr-xr-x. 8 root root 0 Jul 30 17:12 18170
dr-xr-xr-x. 8 root root 0 Jul 28 20:31 19
dr-xr-xr-x. 8 root root 0 Jul 30 19:46 19703
dr-xr-xr-x. 8 root root 0 Jul 30 20:04 19846
dr-xr-xr-x. 8 root root 0 Jul 30 20:04 19851
dr-xr-xr-x. 8 root root 0 Jul 28 20:31 2
dr-xr-xr-x. 8 root root 0 Jul 28 20:31 20
dr-xr-xr-x. 8 root root 0 Jul 28 20:31 21
dr-xr-xr-x. 8 postfix postfix 0 Jul 31 01:36 21833
dr-xr-xr-x. 8 root root 0 Jul 28 20:31 22
dr-xr-xr-x. 8 root root 0 Jul 31 01:36 22122
dr-xr-xr-x. 8 root root 0 Jul 28 20:31 23
dr-xr-xr-x. 8 root root 0 Jul 28 20:31 24
dr-xr-xr-x. 8 root root 0 Jul 28 20:31 25
dr-xr-xr-x. 8 root root 0 Jul 28 20:31 254
dr-xr-xr-x. 8 root root 0 Jul 28 20:31 255
dr-xr-xr-x. 8 root root 0 Jul 28 20:31 256
dr-xr-xr-x. 8 root root 0 Jul 28 20:31 257
dr-xr-xr-x. 8 root root 0 Jul 28 20:31 258
dr-xr-xr-x. 8 root root 0 Jul 28 20:31 259
dr-xr-xr-x. 8 root root 0 Jul 28 20:31 26
dr-xr-xr-x. 8 root root 0 Jul 28 20:31 260
dr-xr-xr-x. 8 root root 0 Jul 28 20:31 261
dr-xr-xr-x. 8 root root 0 Jul 28 20:31 262
dr-xr-xr-x. 8 root root 0 Jul 28 20:31 263
dr-xr-xr-x. 8 root root 0 Jul 28 20:31 264
dr-xr-xr-x. 8 root root 0 Jul 28 20:31 265
dr-xr-xr-x. 8 root root 0 Jul 28 20:31 266
dr-xr-xr-x. 8 root root 0 Jul 28 20:31 267
dr-xr-xr-x. 8 root root 0 Jul 28 20:31 268
dr-xr-xr-x. 8 root root 0 Jul 28 20:31 269
dr-xr-xr-x. 8 root root 0 Jul 28 20:31 27
dr-xr-xr-x. 8 root root 0 Jul 28 20:31 270
dr-xr-xr-x. 8 root root 0 Jul 28 20:31 271
dr-xr-xr-x. 8 root root 0 Jul 28 20:31 272
dr-xr-xr-x. 8 root root 0 Jul 28 20:31 273
dr-xr-xr-x. 8 root root 0 Jul 28 20:31 274
dr-xr-xr-x. 8 root root 0 Jul 28 20:31 275
dr-xr-xr-x. 8 root root 0 Jul 28 20:31 276
dr-xr-xr-x. 8 root root 0 Jul 28 20:31 277
dr-xr-xr-x. 8 root root 0 Jul 28 20:31 278
dr-xr-xr-x. 8 root root 0 Jul 28 20:31 279
dr-xr-xr-x. 8 root root 0 Jul 28 20:31 28
dr-xr-xr-x. 8 root root 0 Jul 28 20:31 280
dr-xr-xr-x. 8 root root 0 Jul 28 20:31 281
dr-xr-xr-x. 8 root root 0 Jul 28 20:31 282
dr-xr-xr-x. 8 root root 0 Jul 28 20:31 283
dr-xr-xr-x. 8 root root 0 Jul 28 20:31 29
dr-xr-xr-x. 8 root root 0 Jul 28 20:31 3
dr-xr-xr-x. 8 root root 0 Jul 28 20:31 30
dr-xr-xr-x. 8 root root 0 Jul 28 20:31 31
dr-xr-xr-x. 8 root root 0 Jul 28 20:31 32
dr-xr-xr-x. 8 root root 0 Jul 28 20:31 342
dr-xr-xr-x. 8 root root 0 Jul 28 20:31 343
dr-xr-xr-x. 8 root root 0 Jul 28 20:31 368
dr-xr-xr-x. 8 root root 0 Jul 28 20:31 37
dr-xr-xr-x. 8 root root 0 Jul 28 20:31 38
dr-xr-xr-x. 8 root root 0 Jul 28 20:31 4
dr-xr-xr-x. 8 root root 0 Jul 28 20:31 40
dr-xr-xr-x. 8 root root 0 Jul 28 20:31 41
dr-xr-xr-x. 8 root root 0 Jul 28 20:31 434
dr-xr-xr-x. 8 root root 0 Jul 28 20:31 5
dr-xr-xr-x. 8 root root 0 Jul 28 20:31 512
dr-xr-xr-x. 8 root root 0 Jul 28 20:31 6
dr-xr-xr-x. 8 root root 0 Jul 28 20:31 7
dr-xr-xr-x. 8 root root 0 Jul 28 20:31 71
dr-xr-xr-x. 8 dbus dbus 0 Jul 28 20:32 7682
dr-xr-xr-x. 8 root root 0 Jul 28 20:32 7693
dr-xr-xr-x. 8 root root 0 Jul 28 20:32 7699
dr-xr-xr-x. 8 root root 0 Jul 28 20:32 7716
dr-xr-xr-x. 8 root root 0 Jul 28 20:32 7718
dr-xr-xr-x. 8 root root 0 Jul 28 20:32 7743
dr-xr-xr-x. 8 haldaemon haldaemon 0 Jul 28 20:32 7752
dr-xr-xr-x. 8 root root 0 Jul 28 20:32 7753
dr-xr-xr-x. 8 root root 0 Jul 28 20:32 7799
dr-xr-xr-x. 8 haldaemon haldaemon 0 Jul 28 20:32 7803
dr-xr-xr-x. 8 root root 0 Jul 28 20:32 7820
dr-xr-xr-x. 8 root root 0 Jul 28 20:32 7838
dr-xr-xr-x. 8 root root 0 Jul 28 20:32 7884
dr-xr-xr-x. 8 root root 0 Jul 28 20:32 7900
dr-xr-xr-x. 8 root root 0 Jul 28 20:31 8
dr-xr-xr-x. 8 root root 0 Jul 28 20:32 8016
dr-xr-xr-x. 8 postfix postfix 0 Jul 28 20:32 8023
dr-xr-xr-x. 8 root root 0 Jul 28 20:32 8040
dr-xr-xr-x. 8 root root 0 Jul 28 20:32 8048
dr-xr-xr-x. 8 root root 0 Jul 28 20:32 8058
dr-xr-xr-x. 8 root root 0 Jul 28 20:33 8072
dr-xr-xr-x. 8 root root 0 Jul 28 20:33 8089
dr-xr-xr-x. 8 root root 0 Jul 28 20:32 8112
dr-xr-xr-x. 8 root root 0 Jul 28 20:33 8117
dr-xr-xr-x. 8 root root 0 Jul 28 20:33 8119
dr-xr-xr-x. 8 root root 0 Jul 28 20:33 8121
dr-xr-xr-x. 8 root root 0 Jul 28 20:33 8125
dr-xr-xr-x. 8 root root 0 Jul 28 20:33 8128
dr-xr-xr-x. 8 root root 0 Jul 28 20:32 8136
dr-xr-xr-x. 8 root root 0 Jul 28 20:32 8139
dr-xr-xr-x. 8 root root 0 Jul 28 20:32 8155
dr-xr-xr-x. 8 gdm gdm 0 Jul 28 20:32 8225
dr-xr-xr-x. 8 root root 0 Jul 28 20:32 8231
dr-xr-xr-x. 8 root root 0 Jul 28 20:32 8273
dr-xr-xr-x. 8 rtkit rtkit 0 Jul 28 20:32 8284
dr-xr-xr-x. 8 root root 0 Jul 28 20:32 8290
dr-xr-xr-x. 8 root root 0 Jul 28 20:31 866
dr-xr-xr-x. 8 root root 0 Jul 28 20:39 8926
dr-xr-xr-x. 8 root root 0 Jul 28 20:39 8936
dr-xr-xr-x. 8 root root 0 Jul 28 20:39 8944
dr-xr-xr-x. 8 root root 0 Jul 28 20:39 8945
dr-xr-xr-x. 8 root root 0 Jul 28 20:39 8959
dr-xr-xr-x. 8 root root 0 Jul 28 20:39 8968
dr-xr-xr-x. 8 root root 0 Jul 28 20:39 8969
dr-xr-xr-x. 8 root root 0 Jul 28 20:39 8974
dr-xr-xr-x. 8 root root 0 Jul 28 20:39 8981
dr-xr-xr-x. 8 root root 0 Jul 28 20:39 8982
dr-xr-xr-x. 8 root root 0 Jul 28 20:39 8996
dr-xr-xr-x. 8 root root 0 Jul 28 20:39 8997
dr-xr-xr-x. 8 root root 0 Jul 28 20:39 8999
dr-xr-xr-x. 8 root root 0 Jul 28 20:31 9
dr-xr-xr-x. 8 root root 0 Jul 28 20:39 9005
dr-xr-xr-x. 8 root root 0 Jul 28 20:39 9007
dr-xr-xr-x. 8 root root 0 Jul 28 20:39 9009
dr-xr-xr-x. 8 root root 0 Jul 28 20:39 9011
dr-xr-xr-x. 8 root root 0 Jul 28 20:39 9015
dr-xr-xr-x. 8 root root 0 Jul 28 20:39 9016
dr-xr-xr-x. 8 root root 0 Jul 28 20:39 9018
dr-xr-xr-x. 8 root root 0 Jul 28 20:39 9019
dr-xr-xr-x. 8 root root 0 Jul 28 20:39 9020
dr-xr-xr-x. 8 root root 0 Jul 28 20:39 9023
dr-xr-xr-x. 8 root root 0 Jul 28 20:39 9024
dr-xr-xr-x. 8 root root 0 Jul 30 05:08 9028
dr-xr-xr-x. 8 root root 0 Jul 28 20:39 9031
dr-xr-xr-x. 8 root root 0 Jul 28 20:39 9032
dr-xr-xr-x. 8 root root 0 Jul 28 20:39 9036
dr-xr-xr-x. 8 root root 0 Jul 28 20:39 9039
dr-xr-xr-x. 8 root root 0 Jul 28 20:39 9046
dr-xr-xr-x. 8 root root 0 Jul 28 20:39 9052
dr-xr-xr-x. 8 root root 0 Jul 28 20:39 9054
dr-xr-xr-x. 8 root root 0 Jul 28 20:39 9061
dr-xr-xr-x. 8 root root 0 Jul 28 20:39 9065
dr-xr-xr-x. 8 root root 0 Jul 28 20:39 9066
dr-xr-xr-x. 8 root root 0 Jul 28 20:39 9067
dr-xr-xr-x. 8 root root 0 Jul 28 20:39 9072
dr-xr-xr-x. 8 root root 0 Jul 30 05:08 9073
dr-xr-xr-x. 8 root root 0 Jul 30 05:08 9082
dr-xr-xr-x. 8 root root 0 Jul 28 20:39 9118
dr-xr-xr-x. 8 root root 0 Jul 28 20:40 9124
dr-xr-xr-x. 8 root utmp 0 Jul 28 20:40 9125
dr-xr-xr-x. 8 root root 0 Jul 28 20:40 9126
dr-xr-xr-x. 8 root root 0 Jul 28 20:43 9160
dr-xr-xr-x. 8 root root 0 Jul 28 20:31 936
dr-xr-xr-x. 8 root root 0 Jul 28 20:31 937
dr-xr-xr-x. 8 root root 0 Jul 28 21:27 9474
dr-xr-xr-x. 8 root root 0 Jul 28 20:31 974
dr-xr-xr-x. 8 root root 0 Jul 28 20:31 975
dr-xr-xr-x. 8 root root 0 Jul 28 22:05 9779
dr-xr-xr-x. 10 root root 0 Jul 28 20:32 acpi
dr-xr-xr-x. 5 root root 0 Jul 31 01:36 asound
-r--r--r--. 1 root root 0 Jul 31 01:36 buddyinfo
dr-xr-xr-x. 6 root root 0 Jul 28 20:31 bus
-r--r--r--. 1 root root 0 Jul 31 01:36 cgroups
-r--r--r--. 1 root root 0 Jul 31 01:36 cmdline
-r--r--r--. 1 root root 0 Jul 31 01:36 cpuinfo
-r--r--r--. 1 root root 0 Jul 31 01:36 crypto
-r--r--r--. 1 root root 0 Jul 31 01:36 devices
-r--r--r--. 1 root root 0 Jul 31 01:36 diskstats
-r--r--r--. 1 root root 0 Jul 31 01:36 dma
dr-xr-xr-x. 2 root root 0 Jul 31 01:36 driver
-r--r--r--. 1 root root 0 Jul 31 01:36 execdomains
-r--r--r--. 1 root root 0 Jul 31 01:36 fb
-r--r--r--. 1 root root 0 Jul 31 01:36 filesystems
dr-xr-xr-x. 5 root root 0 Jul 31 01:36 fs
-r--r--r--. 1 root root 0 Jul 31 01:36 interrupts
-r--r--r--. 1 root root 0 Jul 31 01:36 iomem
-r--r--r--. 1 root root 0 Jul 31 01:36 ioports
dr-xr-xr-x. 2 root root 0 Jul 31 01:36 ipmi
dr-xr-xr-x. 55 root root 0 Jul 31 01:36 irq
-r--r--r--. 1 root root 0 Jul 31 01:36 kallsyms
-r--------. 1 root root 4096 Jul 31 01:36 kcore
-r--r--r--. 1 root root 0 Jul 31 01:36 keys
-r--r--r--. 1 root root 0 Jul 31 01:36 key-users
-r--------. 1 root root 0 Jul 28 20:32 kmsg
-r--------. 1 root root 0 Jul 31 01:36 kpagecount
-r--------. 1 root root 0 Jul 31 01:36 kpageflags
-r--r--r--. 1 root root 0 Jul 31 01:36 loadavg
-r--r--r--. 1 root root 0 Jul 31 01:36 locks
-r--r--r--. 1 root root 0 Jul 28 20:32 mdstat
-r--r--r--. 1 root root 0 Jul 28 20:32 meminfo
-r--r--r--. 1 root root 0 Jul 31 01:36 misc
-r--r--r--. 1 root root 0 Jul 31 01:36 modules
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 11 Jul 31 01:36 mounts -> self/mounts
dr-xr-xr-x. 3 root root 0 Jul 31 01:36 mpt
-r--r--r--. 1 root root 0 Jul 31 01:36 mtd
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 0 Jul 28 20:32 mtrr
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 8 Jul 31 01:36 net -> self/net
-r--r--r--. 1 root root 0 Jul 31 01:36 pagetypeinfo
-r--r--r--. 1 root root 0 Jul 31 01:36 partitions
-r--r--r--. 1 root root 0 Jul 31 01:36 sched_debug
-r--r--r--. 1 root root 0 Jul 31 01:36 schedstat
dr-xr-xr-x. 4 root root 0 Jul 31 01:36 scsi
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 64 Jul 31 00:01 self -> 22122
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 0 Jul 31 01:36 slabinfo
-r--r--r--. 1 root root 0 Jul 31 01:36 softirqs
-r--r--r--. 1 root root 0 Jul 28 20:32 stat
-r--r--r--. 1 root root 0 Jul 31 01:36 swaps
dr-xr-xr-x. 1 root root 0 Jul 28 20:31 sys
--w-------. 1 root root 0 Jul 31 01:36 sysrq-trigger
dr-xr-xr-x. 2 root root 0 Jul 31 01:36 sysvipc
-r--r--r--. 1 root root 0 Jul 31 01:36 timer_list
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 0 Jul 31 01:36 timer_stats
dr-xr-xr-x. 4 root root 0 Jul 31 01:36 tty
-r--r--r--. 1 root root 0 Jul 31 01:36 uptime
-r--r--r--. 1 root root 0 Jul 31 01:36 version
-r--------. 1 root root 0 Jul 31 01:36 vmallocinfo
-r--r--r--. 1 root root 0 Jul 28 20:32 vmstat
-r--r--r--. 1 root root 0 Jul 31 01:36 zoneinfo值得注意的是，使用"sysctl -a | more"指令，我们可以直接获得当前/proc中保存的所有变量，一次性全部显示出来
文章接下来的部分，我们按照逻辑功能对它们进行分类，逐类学习
Relevant Link:
http://www.ibm.com/developerworks/cn/linux/l-proc.html
http://www.comptechdoc.org/os/linux/howlinuxworks/linux_hlproc.html
http://wenku.baidu.com/view/056b1ad780eb6294dd886c78.html
2. 内核机制相关
0x1: /proc/interrupts: The number of interrupts per IRQ
CPU0
0: 606 IO-APIC-edge timer
1: 13433 IO-APIC-edge i8042
3: 3 IO-APIC-edge
4: 53832 IO-APIC-edge
7: 0 IO-APIC-edge parport0
8: 1 IO-APIC-edge rtc0
9: 0 IO-APIC-fasteoi acpi
12: 25137 IO-APIC-edge i8042
14: 0 IO-APIC-edge ata_piix
15: 0 IO-APIC-edge ata_piix
16: 29335 IO-APIC-fasteoi Ensoniq AudioPCI
17: 125483 IO-APIC-fasteoi ehci_hcd:usb1, ioc0
18: 672 IO-APIC-fasteoi uhci_hcd:usb2
19: 542116 IO-APIC-fasteoi eth0
24: 0 PCI-MSI-edge pciehp
25: 0 PCI-MSI-edge pciehp
26: 0 PCI-MSI-edge pciehp
27: 0 PCI-MSI-edge pciehp
28: 0 PCI-MSI-edge pciehp
29: 0 PCI-MSI-edge pciehp
30: 0 PCI-MSI-edge pciehp
31: 0 PCI-MSI-edge pciehp
32: 0 PCI-MSI-edge pciehp
33: 0 PCI-MSI-edge pciehp
34: 0 PCI-MSI-edge pciehp
35: 0 PCI-MSI-edge pciehp
36: 0 PCI-MSI-edge pciehp
37: 0 PCI-MSI-edge pciehp
38: 0 PCI-MSI-edge pciehp
39: 0 PCI-MSI-edge pciehp
40: 0 PCI-MSI-edge pciehp
41: 0 PCI-MSI-edge pciehp
42: 0 PCI-MSI-edge pciehp
43: 0 PCI-MSI-edge pciehp
44: 0 PCI-MSI-edge pciehp
45: 0 PCI-MSI-edge pciehp
46: 0 PCI-MSI-edge pciehp
47: 0 PCI-MSI-edge pciehp
48: 0 PCI-MSI-edge pciehp
49: 0 PCI-MSI-edge pciehp
50: 0 PCI-MSI-edge pciehp
51: 0 PCI-MSI-edge pciehp
52: 0 PCI-MSI-edge pciehp
53: 0 PCI-MSI-edge pciehp
54: 0 PCI-MSI-edge pciehp
55: 0 PCI-MSI-edge pciehp
56: 815644 PCI-MSI-edge ahci
NMI: 0 Non-maskable interrupts
LOC: 4947286 Local timer interrupts
SPU: 0 Spurious interrupts
PMI: 0 Performance monitoring interrupts
IWI: 0 IRQ work interrupts
RES: 0 Rescheduling interrupts
CAL: 0 Function call interrupts
TLB: 0 TLB shootdowns
TRM: 0 Thermal event interrupts
THR: 0 Threshold APIC interrupts
MCE: 0 Machine check exceptions
MCP: 391 Machine check polls
ERR: 0
MIS: 00x2: /proc/ioports: A list of currently registered input-output port regions that are in use
列出当前系统所有的输入输出接口
0000-0cf7 : PCI Bus 0000:00
0000-001f : dma1
0020-0021 : pic1
0040-0043 : timer0
0050-0053 : timer1
0060-0060 : keyboard
0064-0064 : keyboard
0070-0071 : rtc0
0080-008f : dma page reg
00a0-00a1 : pic2
00c0-00df : dma2
00f0-00ff : fpu
0170-0177 : 0000:00:07.1
0170-0177 : ata_piix
01f0-01f7 : 0000:00:07.1
01f0-01f7 : ata_piix
02f8-02ff : serial
0376-0376 : 0000:00:07.1
0376-0376 : ata_piix
0378-037a : parport0
03c0-03df : vga+
03f6-03f6 : 0000:00:07.1
03f6-03f6 : ata_piix
03f8-03ff : serial
0cf0-0cf1 : pnp 00:01
0cf8-0cff : PCI conf1
0d00-feff : PCI Bus 0000:00
1000-103f : 0000:00:07.3
1000-103f : pnp 00:01
1000-1003 : ACPI PM1a_EVT_BLK
1004-1005 : ACPI PM1a_CNT_BLK
1008-100b : ACPI PM_TMR
100c-100f : ACPI GPE0_BLK
1010-1015 : ACPI CPU throttle
1040-104f : 0000:00:07.3
1040-104f : pnp 00:01
1060-106f : 0000:00:07.1
1060-106f : ata_piix
1070-107f : 0000:00:0f.0
1080-10bf : 0000:00:07.7
1400-14ff : 0000:00:10.0
2000-3fff : PCI Bus 0000:02
2000-207f : 0000:02:01.0
2000-201f : pcnet32_probe_pci
2080-20bf : 0000:02:02.0
2080-20bf : Ensoniq AudioPCI
20c0-20df : 0000:02:00.0
20c0-20df : uhci_hcd
4000-4fff : PCI Bus 0000:03
5000-5fff : PCI Bus 0000:0b
6000-6fff : PCI Bus 0000:13
7000-7fff : PCI Bus 0000:1b
8000-8fff : PCI Bus 0000:04
9000-9fff : PCI Bus 0000:0c
a000-afff : PCI Bus 0000:14
b000-bfff : PCI Bus 0000:1c
c000-cfff : PCI Bus 0000:05
d000-dfff : PCI Bus 0000:0d
e000-efff : PCI Bus 0000:15
fce0-fcff : pnp 00:0d0x3: /proc/locks
cat /proc/locks
1: FLOCK ADVISORY WRITE 8089 08:03:694 0 EOF
2: POSIX ADVISORY WRITE 8072 08:03:20385 0 EOF
3: FLOCK ADVISORY WRITE 8057 08:03:2498 0 EOF
4: POSIX ADVISORY WRITE 8040 08:03:2070 0 EOF
5: FLOCK ADVISORY WRITE 8016 08:03:19948 0 EOF
6: FLOCK ADVISORY WRITE 8016 08:03:335 0 EOF
7: FLOCK ADVISORY WRITE 1344 08:03:123 0 EOF0x4: /proc/modules: A list of kernel modules loaded by the system
tcp_diag 693 0 - Live 0xf7e3e000
inet_diag 7334 1 tcp_diag, Live 0xf7e2c000
lp 6830 0 - Live 0xf7ef4000
rfcomm 61472 4 - Live 0xf8007000
sco 14781 2 - Live 0xf7edb000
bridge 67439 0 - Live 0xf7f5d000
bnep 13428 2 - Live 0xf7ed0000
l2cap 47378 16 rfcomm,bnep, Live 0xf7eac000
8021q 20355 0 - Live 0xf7e6c000
garp 5703 1 8021q, Live 0xf7e41000
stp 1626 2 bridge,garp, Live 0xf7e38000
llc 4258 3 bridge,garp,stp, Live 0xf7e30000
ipt_REJECT 1867 2 - Live 0xf8c98000
nf_conntrack_ipv4 7694 2 - Live 0xf8c8f000
nf_defrag_ipv4 1039 1 nf_conntrack_ipv4, Live 0xf8c85000
iptable_filter 2173 1 - Live 0xf8c7d000
ip_tables 9567 1 iptable_filter, Live 0xf8c74000
ip6t_REJECT 3987 2 - Live 0xf8c66000
nf_conntrack_ipv6 6940 2 - Live 0xf8c5d000
nf_defrag_ipv6 8839 1 nf_conntrack_ipv6, Live 0xf8c52000
xt_state 1064 4 - Live 0xf8c48000
nf_conntrack 65661 3 nf_conntrack_ipv4,nf_conntrack_ipv6,xt_state, Live 0xf8c2b000
ip6table_filter 2245 1 - Live 0xf8c0c000
ip6_tables 10301 1 ip6table_filter, Live 0xf8c03000
ipv6 261676 27 ip6t_REJECT,nf_conntrack_ipv6,nf_defrag_ipv6, Live 0xf8bad000
fuse 62472 4 - Live 0xf8b3b000
uinput 6020 0 - Live 0xf8a16000
microcode 12248 0 - Live 0xf8a04000
ppdev 7297 0 - Live 0xf89f6000
vmware_balloon 5811 0 - Live 0xf89ec000
snd_ens1371 16851 4 - Live 0xf89de000
snd_rawmidi 18061 1 snd_ens1371, Live 0xf89cb000
snd_ac97_codec 95611 1 snd_ens1371, Live 0xf89a2000
ac97_bus 968 1 snd_ac97_codec, Live 0xf897d000
snd_seq 44677 0 - Live 0xf896a000
snd_seq_device 5124 2 snd_rawmidi,snd_seq, Live 0xf8953000
snd_pcm 68374 3 snd_ens1371,snd_ac97_codec, Live 0xf8935000
snd_timer 17216 3 snd_seq,snd_pcm, Live 0xf8913000
snd 52350 13 snd_ens1371,snd_rawmidi,snd_ac97_codec,snd_seq,snd_seq_device,snd_pcm,snd_timer, Live 0xf88f5000
soundcore 6390 1 snd, Live 0xf88da000
snd_page_alloc 7236 1 snd_pcm, Live 0xf88cf000
pcnet32 29234 0 - Live 0xf88be000
mii 4476 1 pcnet32, Live 0xf88ac000
parport_pc 19086 1 - Live 0xf889f000
parport 29925 3 lp,ppdev,parport_pc, Live 0xf8887000
btusb 14139 2 - Live 0xf8872000
bluetooth 83558 9 rfcomm,sco,bnep,l2cap,btusb, Live 0xf884c000
rfkill 14794 3 bluetooth, Live 0xf8823000
sg 24038 0 - Live 0xf8810000
i2c_piix4 11156 0 - Live 0xf87fe000
i2c_core 25632 1 i2c_piix4, Live 0xf87eb000
ext4 335766 2 - Live 0xf807c000
jbd2 76054 1 ext4, Live 0xf7ff3000
mbcache 6017 1 ext4, Live 0xf7fd1000
sr_mod 13282 0 - Live 0xf7fc5000
cdrom 33416 1 sr_mod, Live 0xf7fb1000
sd_mod 34952 4 - Live 0xf7f97000
crc_t10dif 1217 1 sd_mod, Live 0xf7f84000
ahci 35561 0 - Live 0xf7f72000
pata_acpi 2513 0 - Live 0xf7f5b000
ata_generic 2805 0 - Live 0xf7f54000
ata_piix 20861 0 - Live 0xf7f2c000
mptspi 14567 3 - Live 0xf7ef7000
mptscsih 31362 1 mptspi, Live 0xf7ee2000
mptbase 86744 2 mptspi,mptscsih, Live 0xf7eb9000
scsi_transport_spi 20014 1 mptspi, Live 0xf7e93000
dm_mirror 11969 0 - Live 0xf7e83000
dm_region_hash 9644 1 dm_mirror, Live 0xf7e74000
dm_log 8322 2 dm_mirror,dm_region_hash, Live 0xf7e68000
dm_mod 70099 2 dm_mirror,dm_log, Live 0xf7e48000lsmod指令就是通过这个虚拟设备(整个/proc就是一个沟通user mode和kernel mode的虚拟设备)获取到的
0x5: /proc/net: Various network pseudo files. The netstat command suite provides cleaner access to these filesnet指令就是通过读者/proc/net目录下的文件得到的网络连接信息的
1. arp: The kernel address resolution protocol table
2. dev: Network device status information
3. ipx
4. ipx_route
5. rarp: used to provide rarp services
6. raw: A dump of the RAW socket table
7. route: Looks like route
8. snmp: Holds the ASCII databases used for the IP, ICMP, TCP, and UDP management information bases for an snmp agent.
9. tcp: A dump of the TCP socket table.
10. udp: A dump of the UDP socket table
11. unix: Lists UNIX domain sockets and their status
12. packet
显示了当前正在处理网络数据包的进程
http://blog.cloudpassage.com/2012/09/05/warn-packet-sniffer-running/
http://www.onlamp.com/pub/a/linux/2000/11/16/LinuxAdmin.html这个目录下还有很多文件，但是作用不大，就没有列出来，有兴趣的朋友可以使用: ll /proc/net/进行查看
0x6: /proc/slabinfo
slabinfo - version: 2.1
# name <active_objs> <num_objs> <objsize> <objperslab> <pagesperslab> : tunables <limit> <batchcount> <sharedfactor> : slabdata <active_slabs> <num_slabs> <sharedavail>
bridge_fdb_cache 0 0 32 113 1 : tunables 120 60 0 : slabdata 0 0 0
nf_conntrack_expect 0 0 168 23 1 : tunables 120 60 0 : slabdata 0 0 0
nf_conntrack_c0acb540 1 16 240 16 1 : tunables 120 60 0 : slabdata 1 1 0
fib6_nodes 22 113 32 113 1 : tunables 120 60 0 : slabdata 1 1 0
ip6_dst_cache 13 30 256 15 1 : tunables 120 60 0 : slabdata 2 2 0
ndisc_cache 1 20 192 20 1 : tunables 120 60 0 : slabdata 1 1 0
ip6_mrt_cache 0 0 128 30 1 : tunables 120 60 0 : slabdata 0 0 0
RAWv6 4 5 768 5 1 : tunables 54 27 0 : slabdata 1 1 0
UDPLITEv6 0 0 704 11 2 : tunables 54 27 0 : slabdata 0 0 0
UDPv6 0 0 704 11 2 : tunables 54 27 0 : slabdata 0 0 0
tw_sock_TCPv6 0 0 256 15 1 : tunables 120 60 0 : slabdata 0 0 0
request_sock_TCPv6 0 0 128 30 1 : tunables 120 60 0 : slabdata 0 0 0
TCPv6 3 5 1408 5 2 : tunables 24 12 0 : slabdata 1 1 0
fuse_request 4 13 296 13 1 : tunables 54 27 0 : slabdata 1 1 0
fuse_inode 3 9 448 9 1 : tunables 54 27 0 : slabdata 1 1 0
jbd2_1k 0 0 1024 4 1 : tunables 54 27 0 : slabdata 0 0 0
avtab_node 551052 551145 16 203 1 : tunables 120 60 0 : slabdata 2715 2715 0
ext4_inode_cache 77697 78576 644 6 1 : tunables 54 27 0 : slabdata 13096 13096 0
ext4_xattr 11 78 48 78 1 : tunables 120 60 0 : slabdata 1 1 0
ext4_free_block_extents 0 0 36 101 1 : tunables 120 60 0 : slabdata 0 0 0
ext4_alloc_context 0 0 108 36 1 : tunables 120 60 0 : slabdata 0 0 0
ext4_prealloc_space 3 56 68 56 1 : tunables 120 60 0 : slabdata 1 1 0
ext4_system_zone 0 0 24 145 1 : tunables 120 60 0 : slabdata 0 0 0
jbd2_journal_handle 0 0 20 169 1 : tunables 120 60 0 : slabdata 0 0 0
jbd2_journal_head 8 315 60 63 1 : tunables 120 60 0 : slabdata 5 5 0
jbd2_revoke_table 4 254 12 254 1 : tunables 120 60 0 : slabdata 1 1 0
jbd2_revoke_record 0 0 32 113 1 : tunables 120 60 0 : slabdata 0 0 0
sd_ext_cdb 2 113 32 113 1 : tunables 120 60 0 : slabdata 1 1 0
scsi_sense_cache 90 90 128 30 1 : tunables 120 60 0 : slabdata 3 3 0
scsi_cmd_cache 80 80 192 20 1 : tunables 120 60 0 : slabdata 4 4 0
dm_raid1_read_record 0 0 1052 7 2 : tunables 24 12 0 : slabdata 0 0 0
kcopyd_job 0 0 2340 3 2 : tunables 24 12 0 : slabdata 0 0 0
io 0 0 32 113 1 : tunables 120 60 0 : slabdata 0 0 0
dm_uevent 0 0 2460 3 2 : tunables 24 12 0 : slabdata 0 0 0
dm_rq_clone_bio_info 0 0 8 339 1 : tunables 120 60 0 : slabdata 0 0 0
dm_rq_target_io 0 0 248 16 1 : tunables 120 60 0 : slabdata 0 0 0
dm_target_io 0 0 16 203 1 : tunables 120 60 0 : slabdata 0 0 0
dm_io 0 0 24 145 1 : tunables 120 60 0 : slabdata 0 0 0
flow_cache 0 0 84 46 1 : tunables 120 60 0 : slabdata 0 0 0
uhci_urb_priv 5 127 28 127 1 : tunables 120 60 0 : slabdata 1 1 0
cfq_io_context 75 112 68 56 1 : tunables 120 60 0 : slabdata 2 2 0
cfq_queue 75 78 152 26 1 : tunables 120 60 0 : slabdata 3 3 0
bsg_cmd 0 0 284 14 1 : tunables 54 27 0 : slabdata 0 0 0
mqueue_inode_cache 1 7 576 7 1 : tunables 54 27 0 : slabdata 1 1 0
isofs_inode_cache 0 0 380 10 1 : tunables 54 27 0 : slabdata 0 0 0
hugetlbfs_inode_cache 1 11 352 11 1 : tunables 54 27 0 : slabdata 1 1 0
dquot 0 0 192 20 1 : tunables 120 60 0 : slabdata 0 0 0
kioctx 0 0 256 15 1 : tunables 120 60 0 : slabdata 0 0 0
kiocb 0 0 192 20 1 : tunables 120 60 0 : slabdata 0 0 0
inotify_event_private_data 2 203 16 203 1 : tunables 120 60 0 : slabdata 1 1 0
inotify_inode_mark_entry 234 252 60 63 1 : tunables 120 60 0 : slabdata 4 4 0
dnotify_mark_entry 0 0 60 63 1 : tunables 120 60 0 : slabdata 0 0 0
dnotify_struct 0 0 20 169 1 : tunables 120 60 0 : slabdata 0 0 0
dio 0 0 320 12 1 : tunables 54 27 0 : slabdata 0 0 0
fasync_cache 5 203 16 203 1 : tunables 120 60 0 : slabdata 1 1 0
ksm_mm_slot 0 0 24 145 1 : tunables 120 60 0 : slabdata 0 0 0
ksm_stable_node 0 0 20 169 1 : tunables 120 60 0 : slabdata 0 0 0
ksm_rmap_item 0 0 32 113 1 : tunables 120 60 0 : slabdata 0 0 0
utrace_engine 0 0 28 127 1 : tunables 120 60 0 : slabdata 0 0 0
utrace 0 0 32 113 1 : tunables 120 60 0 : slabdata 0 0 0
pid_namespace 0 0 76 50 1 : tunables 120 60 0 : slabdata 0 0 0
posix_timers_cache 0 0 120 32 1 : tunables 120 60 0 : slabdata 0 0 0
uid_cache 5 59 64 59 1 : tunables 120 60 0 : slabdata 1 1 0
UNIX 592 609 512 7 1 : tunables 54 27 0 : slabdata 87 87 0
ip_mrt_cache 0 0 128 30 1 : tunables 120 60 0 : slabdata 0 0 0
UDP-Lite 0 0 640 6 1 : tunables 54 27 0 : slabdata 0 0 0
tcp_bind_bucket 4 113 32 113 1 : tunables 120 60 0 : slabdata 1 1 0
inet_peer_cache 2 59 64 59 1 : tunables 120 60 0 : slabdata 1 1 0
secpath_cache 0 0 32 113 1 : tunables 120 60 0 : slabdata 0 0 0
xfrm_dst_cache 0 0 320 12 1 : tunables 54 27 0 : slabdata 0 0 0
ip_fib_alias 0 0 16 203 1 : tunables 120 60 0 : slabdata 0 0 0
ip_fib_hash 10 101 36 101 1 : tunables 120 60 0 : slabdata 1 1 0
ip_dst_cache 21 30 256 15 1 : tunables 120 60 0 : slabdata 2 2 0
arp_cache 4 20 192 20 1 : tunables 120 60 0 : slabdata 1 1 0
PING 0 0 576 7 1 : tunables 54 27 0 : slabdata 0 0 0
RAW 2 7 576 7 1 : tunables 54 27 0 : slabdata 1 1 0
UDP 2 6 640 6 1 : tunables 54 27 0 : slabdata 1 1 0
tw_sock_TCP 0 0 192 20 1 : tunables 120 60 0 : slabdata 0 0 0
request_sock_TCP 0 0 128 30 1 : tunables 120 60 0 : slabdata 0 0 0
TCP 5 6 1280 3 1 : tunables 24 12 0 : slabdata 2 2 0
eventpoll_pwq 59 101 36 101 1 : tunables 120 60 0 : slabdata 1 1 0
eventpoll_epi 59 90 128 30 1 : tunables 120 60 0 : slabdata 3 3 0
sgpool-128 2 2 3072 2 2 : tunables 24 12 0 : slabdata 1 1 0
sgpool-64 2 5 1536 5 2 : tunables 24 12 0 : slabdata 1 1 0
sgpool-32 2 5 768 5 1 : tunables 54 27 0 : slabdata 1 1 0
sgpool-16 2 10 384 10 1 : tunables 54 27 0 : slabdata 1 1 0
sgpool-8 4 20 192 20 1 : tunables 120 60 0 : slabdata 1 1 0
scsi_data_buffer 0 0 20 169 1 : tunables 120 60 0 : slabdata 0 0 0
blkdev_integrity 0 0 64 59 1 : tunables 120 60 0 : slabdata 0 0 0
blkdev_queue 27 28 1744 4 2 : tunables 24 12 0 : slabdata 7 7 0
blkdev_requests 68 68 224 17 1 : tunables 120 60 0 : slabdata 4 4 0
blkdev_ioc 72 144 52 72 1 : tunables 120 60 0 : slabdata 2 2 0
fsnotify_event_holder 0 0 12 254 1 : tunables 120 60 0 : slabdata 0 0 0
fsnotify_event 2 63 60 63 1 : tunables 120 60 0 : slabdata 1 1 0
bio-0 4 30 128 30 1 : tunables 120 60 0 : slabdata 1 1 0
biovec-256 2 2 3072 2 2 : tunables 24 12 0 : slabdata 1 1 0
biovec-128 0 0 1536 5 2 : tunables 24 12 0 : slabdata 0 0 0
biovec-64 0 0 768 5 1 : tunables 54 27 0 : slabdata 0 0 0
biovec-16 0 0 192 20 1 : tunables 120 60 0 : slabdata 0 0 0
bip-256 2 2 3136 2 2 : tunables 24 12 0 : slabdata 1 1 0
bip-128 0 0 1600 5 2 : tunables 24 12 0 : slabdata 0 0 0
bip-64 0 0 832 9 2 : tunables 54 27 0 : slabdata 0 0 0
bip-16 0 0 256 15 1 : tunables 120 60 0 : slabdata 0 0 0
bip-4 0 0 128 30 1 : tunables 120 60 0 : slabdata 0 0 0
bip-1 0 0 64 59 1 : tunables 120 60 0 : slabdata 0 0 0
sock_inode_cache 679 684 448 9 1 : tunables 54 27 0 : slabdata 76 76 0
skbuff_fclone_cache 0 0 384 10 1 : tunables 54 27 0 : slabdata 0 0 0
skbuff_head_cache 111 120 192 20 1 : tunables 120 60 0 : slabdata 6 6 0
file_lock_cache 7 39 100 39 1 : tunables 120 60 0 : slabdata 1 1 0
net_namespace 0 0 1376 5 2 : tunables 24 12 0 : slabdata 0 0 0
shmem_inode_cache 726 729 448 9 1 : tunables 54 27 0 : slabdata 81 81 0
Acpi-Operand 4288 4416 40 92 1 : tunables 120 60 0 : slabdata 48 48 0
Acpi-ParseExt 0 0 48 78 1 : tunables 120 60 0 : slabdata 0 0 0
Acpi-Parse 0 0 32 113 1 : tunables 120 60 0 : slabdata 0 0 0
Acpi-State 0 0 44 84 1 : tunables 120 60 0 : slabdata 0 0 0
Acpi-Namespace 3218 3335 24 145 1 : tunables 120 60 0 : slabdata 23 23 0
task_delay_info 279 300 76 50 1 : tunables 120 60 0 : slabdata 6 6 0
taskstats 7 12 328 12 1 : tunables 54 27 0 : slabdata 1 1 0
proc_inode_cache 4663 4790 384 10 1 : tunables 54 27 0 : slabdata 479 479 0
sigqueue 8 27 144 27 1 : tunables 120 60 0 : slabdata 1 1 0
bdev_cache 31 35 512 7 1 : tunables 54 27 0 : slabdata 5 5 0
sysfs_dir_cache 12048 12050 76 50 1 : tunables 120 60 0 : slabdata 241 241 0
mnt_cache 29 40 192 20 1 : tunables 120 60 0 : slabdata 2 2 0
filp 4890 5010 128 30 1 : tunables 120 60 0 : slabdata 167 167 0
inode_cache 10624 10626 352 11 1 : tunables 54 27 0 : slabdata 966 966 0
dentry 103609 105386 132 29 1 : tunables 120 60 0 : slabdata 3634 3634 0
names_cache 6 6 4096 1 1 : tunables 24 12 0 : slabdata 6 6 0
avc_node 512 624 48 78 1 : tunables 120 60 0 : slabdata 8 8 0
selinux_inode_security 94408 96012 44 84 1 : tunables 120 60 0 : slabdata 1143 1143 0
radix_tree_node 22287 22347 296 13 1 : tunables 54 27 0 : slabdata 1719 1719 0
key_jar 3 30 128 30 1 : tunables 120 60 0 : slabdata 1 1 0
buffer_head 27980 30485 56 67 1 : tunables 120 60 0 : slabdata 455 455 0
nsproxy 0 0 24 145 1 : tunables 120 60 0 : slabdata 0 0 0
vm_area_struct 9472 10218 100 39 1 : tunables 120 60 0 : slabdata 262 262 0
mm_struct 99 99 448 9 1 : tunables 54 27 0 : slabdata 11 11 0
fs_cache 104 113 32 113 1 : tunables 120 60 0 : slabdata 1 1 0
files_cache 105 105 256 15 1 : tunables 120 60 0 : slabdata 7 7 0
signal_cache 180 180 640 6 1 : tunables 54 27 0 : slabdata 30 30 0
sighand_cache 177 177 1344 3 1 : tunables 24 12 0 : slabdata 59 59 0
task_xstate 279 279 832 9 2 : tunables 54 27 0 : slabdata 31 31 0
task_struct 274 276 1360 3 1 : tunables 24 12 0 : slabdata 92 92 0
cred_jar 423 510 128 30 1 : tunables 120 60 0 : slabdata 17 17 0
anon_vma_chain 6501 7540 24 145 1 : tunables 120 60 0 : slabdata 52 52 0
anon_vma 5053 5577 20 169 1 : tunables 120 60 0 : slabdata 33 33 0
pid 295 295 64 59 1 : tunables 120 60 0 : slabdata 5 5 0
idr_layer_cache 626 650 148 26 1 : tunables 120 60 0 : slabdata 25 25 0
size-4194304(DMA) 0 0 4194304 1 1024 : tunables 1 1 0 : slabdata 0 0 0
size-4194304 0 0 4194304 1 1024 : tunables 1 1 0 : slabdata 0 0 0
size-2097152(DMA) 0 0 2097152 1 512 : tunables 1 1 0 : slabdata 0 0 0
size-2097152 0 0 2097152 1 512 : tunables 1 1 0 : slabdata 0 0 0
size-1048576(DMA) 0 0 1048576 1 256 : tunables 1 1 0 : slabdata 0 0 0
size-1048576 0 0 1048576 1 256 : tunables 1 1 0 : slabdata 0 0 0
size-524288(DMA) 0 0 524288 1 128 : tunables 1 1 0 : slabdata 0 0 0
size-524288 0 0 524288 1 128 : tunables 1 1 0 : slabdata 0 0 0
size-262144(DMA) 0 0 262144 1 64 : tunables 1 1 0 : slabdata 0 0 0
size-262144 0 0 262144 1 64 : tunables 1 1 0 : slabdata 0 0 0
size-131072(DMA) 0 0 131072 1 32 : tunables 8 4 0 : slabdata 0 0 0
size-131072 0 0 131072 1 32 : tunables 8 4 0 : slabdata 0 0 0
size-65536(DMA) 0 0 65536 1 16 : tunables 8 4 0 : slabdata 0 0 0
size-65536 2 2 65536 1 16 : tunables 8 4 0 : slabdata 2 2 0
size-32768(DMA) 0 0 32768 1 8 : tunables 8 4 0 : slabdata 0 0 0
size-32768 0 0 32768 1 8 : tunables 8 4 0 : slabdata 0 0 0
size-16384(DMA) 0 0 16384 1 4 : tunables 8 4 0 : slabdata 0 0 0
size-16384 37 37 16384 1 4 : tunables 8 4 0 : slabdata 37 37 0
size-8192(DMA) 0 0 8192 1 2 : tunables 8 4 0 : slabdata 0 0 0
size-8192 9 9 8192 1 2 : tunables 8 4 0 : slabdata 9 9 0
size-4096(DMA) 0 0 4096 1 1 : tunables 24 12 0 : slabdata 0 0 0
size-4096 59 59 4096 1 1 : tunables 24 12 0 : slabdata 59 59 0
size-2048(DMA) 0 0 2048 2 1 : tunables 24 12 0 : slabdata 0 0 0
size-2048 150 150 2048 2 1 : tunables 24 12 0 : slabdata 75 75 0
size-1024(DMA) 0 0 1024 4 1 : tunables 54 27 0 : slabdata 0 0 0
size-1024 516 516 1024 4 1 : tunables 54 27 0 : slabdata 129 129 0
size-512(DMA) 0 0 512 8 1 : tunables 54 27 0 : slabdata 0 0 0
size-512 842 856 512 8 1 : tunables 54 27 0 : slabdata 107 107 0
size-256(DMA) 0 0 256 15 1 : tunables 120 60 0 : slabdata 0 0 0
size-256 144 150 256 15 1 : tunables 120 60 0 : slabdata 10 10 0
size-192(DMA) 0 0 192 20 1 : tunables 120 60 0 : slabdata 0 0 0
size-192 960 960 192 20 1 : tunables 120 60 0 : slabdata 48 48 0
size-128(DMA) 0 0 128 30 1 : tunables 120 60 0 : slabdata 0 0 0
size-128 776 780 128 30 1 : tunables 120 60 0 : slabdata 26 26 0
size-96(DMA) 0 0 128 30 1 : tunables 120 60 0 : slabdata 0 0 0
size-96 1470 1470 128 30 1 : tunables 120 60 0 : slabdata 49 49 0
size-64(DMA) 0 0 64 59 1 : tunables 120 60 0 : slabdata 0 0 0
size-32(DMA) 0 0 32 113 1 : tunables 120 60 0 : slabdata 0 0 0
size-64 5007 5133 64 59 1 : tunables 120 60 0 : slabdata 87 87 0
size-32 368885 369058 32 113 1 : tunables 120 60 0 : slabdata 3266 3266 0
kmem_cache 186 195 256 15 1 : tunables 120 60 0 : slabdata 13 13 00x7: /proc/sys: Directory corresponding to kernel variables
1. debug
2. dev
3. fs
4. kernel
4.1 domainname
4.2 file-max
4.3 file-nr
4.4 hostname
4.5 inode-max
4.6 inode-nr
4.7 osrelease
4.8 ostype
4.9 panic
4.10 real-root-dev
4.11 securelevel
4.12 version
5. net
6. proc
7. sunrpc
8. vm0x8: /proc/kallsyms
在v2.6.0的内核中，为了更好地调试内核，引入新的功能kallsyms(前提是编译内核的时候开启了： static int all_symbols = 1;)
kallsyms把内核用到的所有函数地址和名称连接进内核文件，当内核启动后，同时加载到内存中
1. 当发生oops，例如在内核中访问空地址时，内核就会解析eip位于哪个函数中，并打印出形如：
EIP is at cleanup_module+0xb/0x1d [client]的信息,
2. 调用栈也用可读的方式显示出来.
Call Trace:
[<c013096d>] sys_delete_module+0x191/0x1ce
[<c02dd30a>] do_page_fault+0x189/0x51d
[<c0102bc1>] syscall_call+0x7/0xb
3. 还可以查找某个函数例如的sys_fork的地址，然后hook它，kprobe就是这么干的在v2.6.20 中,还可以包含所有符号的地址，应此功能更强大，就相当于内核中有了System.map了，这时候就可以很方便的查找sys_call_table的地址了
echo 0 > /proc/sys/kernel/kptr_restrict sysctl
cat /proc/kallsyms
//输出全部内核导出的、未导出的符号表Relevant Link:
http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_86b97e1601010z3b.html
http://blog.chinaunix.net/uid-27717694-id-3985448.html
3. 进程信息
0x1: 以进程PID为目录名的目录
当前linux运行中的每一个进程在/proc下一定都可以找到一个对应的以它的进程号作为目录名的子目录，这个目录描述这个进程的相关信息。
每个进程对应的目录都包含了如下的子目录
1. cmdline: The command line the process was invoked with
启动当前进程的命令行，即用户使用什么指令来启动这个进程，例如: /usr/bin/shell arg1 arg2，则这个shell进程的cmdline就是"/usr/bin/shell arg1 arg2"
2. cwd: A link to the current working directory of the process
指向当前进程的"工作目录"的符号链接
3. environ: The process environment
当前进程的环境变量
4. exe: A pointer appearing as a symbolic link to the binary that was executed
这个进程对应于磁盘上的程序文件名称，包括完整路径，例如"/usr/bin/shell"
5. fd: A subdirectory with one entry per file that the process has open
1) 0-std input
2) 1-std output
3) 2-std err
6. maps: Contains the currently mapped memory regions and their access permissions. The format is:
address perms offset dev idnode filename
08048000-0804e000 r-xp 00000400 0302 192233 /sbin/init
0804e000-0804f000 rw-p 00005000 0302 192233 /sbin/init
7. mem: The memory of the process that accesses the /dev/mem device
8. root: Points to the root filesystem
指向根目录"/"的符号链接
9. stat: Status information about the process used by the ps command
1) pid: Process id(进程pdi)
2) comm: The executable filename(可执行文件名)
3) state:
3.1) R(running)
3.2) S(sleeping interruptable)
3.3) D(sleeping)
3.4) Z(zombie)
3.5) T(stopped on a signal)
4) ppid: Parent process ID(父进程pid)
5) pgrp: Process group ID(进程所属组)
6) session: The process session ID(进程session会话id)
7) tty: The tty the process is using(进程所使用的tty)
8) tpgid: The process group ID of the owning process of the tty the current process is connected to.
9) flags: Process flags
10) minflt: Minor faults the process has made
11) cminflt: Minor faults the process and its children have made.
12) majflt
13) cmajflt
14) utime: The number of jiffies (processor time) that this process has been scheduled in user mode
当前进程在"用户态"所消耗的CPU调度时间
15) stime: in kernel mode
当前进程在"内核态"所消耗的CPU调度时间
16) cutime: This process and its children in user mode
当前进程以及子进程在"用户态"所消耗的CPU时间
17) cstime: in kernel mode
当前进程以及子进程在"内核态"所消耗的CPU时间
18) counter: The maximum time of this processes next time slice
这个字段和CPU调度相关，counter表明它的所剩的时间片，即动态优先级(时间片越少自然优先级就越低了)
19) priority: The priority of the nice(process priority) value plus fifteen
20) timeout: The time in jiffies of the process's next timeout.
21) itrealvalue: The time in jiffies before the next SIGALRM is sent to the process because of an internal timer.
22) starttime: Time the process started after system boot
当前进程已运行时间
23) vsize: Virtual memory size
当前进程所占用的虚拟内存
24) rlim: Current limit in bytes of the rss of the process.
25) startcode: The address above which program text can run.
26) endcode: The address below which program text can run.
27) startstack: The address of the start of the stack
28) kstkesp: The current value of esp for the process as found in the kernel stack page.
29) kstkeip: The current 32 bit instruction pointer, EIP.
30) signal: The bitmap of pending signals
31) blocked: The bitmap of blocked signals
32) sigignore: The bitmap of ignored signals
33) sigcatch: The bitmap of catched signals
34) wchan: The channel in which the process is waiting. The "ps -l" command gives somewhat of a list.0x2: /proc/[pid]/maps
这个文件用于查看进程的虚拟地址空间是如何使用的，文件有6列，分别为：
1. 地址：库在进程里地址范围
2. 权限：虚拟内存的权限
1) r = 读
2) w = 写
3) x = 执行
4) s = 共享
5) p = 私有
3. 偏移量：库在进程里地址范围
4. 设备：映像文件的主设备号和次设备号
5. 节点：映像文件的节点号
6. 路径: 映像文件的路径每项都与一个"struct vm_area_struct"结构成员对应
http://www.cnblogs.com/LittleHann/p/3865490.html
搜索：0x2: vm_area_structRelevant Link:
http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_49f07e46010148m0.html0x3: /proc/[pid]/mem
Linux下使用ptrace调用可以监视和控制其他进程，并能够改变进程的寄存器值和内核映像。ptrace提供了PTRACE_PEEKDATA来实现进程内存读取，这是原语级的操作，在x86_64下一次仅读取8字节。因此在读取量较大时，需要反复调用ptrace。/proc/<PID>/mem接口提供了read调用，只需一次就可以读取任意大小内存
Relevant Link:
http://my.oschina.net/u/180497/blog/141673
http://yuangeqingtian.blog.51cto.com/6994701/1214789
4. 硬件设备相关
0x1: /proc/bus
1. pci: A directory
1.1 00: A directory
containing filenames like 00.0, 07.0, 07.1, 07.2, 08.0, 09.0, and 0b.0. Each are 256 bytes long and appear to be in binary form
1.2 02: A directory
1.3 devices
I think this file numerically identifies devices on the pci bus. My file contains:
枚举列出了当前系统挂接的总线设备
2. input: A directory
输入设备
3. pccard: A directory
pccard设备
4. usb: A directory
usb设备0x2: /proc/cpuinfo: CPU architecture information
processor : 0
vendor_id : GenuineIntel
cpu family : 6
model : 69
model name : Intel(R) Core(TM) i5-4200U CPU @ 1.60GHz
stepping : 1
cpu MHz : 2294.740
cache size : 3072 KB
fdiv_bug : no
hlt_bug : no
f00f_bug : no
coma_bug : no
fpu : yes
fpu_exception : yes
cpuid level : 13
wp : yes
flags : fpu vme de pse tsc msr pae mce cx8 apic sep mtrr pge mca cmov pat pse36 clflush dts mmx fxsr sse sse2 ss nx pdpe1gb rdtscp constant_tsc up arch_perfmon pebs
bts xtopology tsc_reliable nonstop_tsc aperfmperf unfair_spinlock pni pclmulqdq ssse3 fma pcid sse4_1 sse4_2 x2apic movbe popcnt xsave avx f16c rdrand hypervisor ida arat
epb xsaveopt pln pts dts fsgsbase smep
bogomips : 4589.48
clflush size : 64
cache_alignment : 64
address sizes : 40 bits physical, 48 bits virtual
power management:0x3: /proc/devices: Text listing of major numbers and device groups
列出当前系统挂载(mount)的设备
Character devices:
1 mem
4 /dev/vc/0
4 tty
4 ttyS
5 /dev/tty
5 /dev/console
5 /dev/ptmx
6 lp
7 vcs
10 misc
13 input
14 sound
21 sg
29 fb
99 ppdev
116 alsa
128 ptm
136 pts
162 raw
180 usb
189 usb_device
202 cpu/msr
203 cpu/cpuid
216 rfcomm
249 hidraw
250 usbmon
251 bsg
252 pcmcia
253 watchdog
254 rtc
Block devices:
1 ramdisk
259 blkext
7 loop
8 sd
9 md
11 sr
65 sd
66 sd
67 sd
68 sd
69 sd
70 sd
71 sd
128 sd
129 sd
130 sd
131 sd
132 sd
133 sd
134 sd
135 sd
253 device-mapper
254 mdp0x4: /proc/dma: A list of ISA direct memory access channels in use
4: cascade0x5: /proc/fs
1. ext4
2. jbd2
3. nfsd0x6: /proc/mounts: Shows mounted filesystems. Shows device, mount point, filesystem type, permissions, and two flags
rootfs / rootfs rw 0 0
proc /proc proc rw,relatime 0 0
sysfs /sys sysfs rw,seclabel,relatime 0 0
devtmpfs /dev devtmpfs rw,seclabel,relatime,size=960940k,nr_inodes=183013,mode=755 0 0
devpts /dev/pts devpts rw,seclabel,relatime,gid=5,mode=620,ptmxmode=000 0 0
tmpfs /dev/shm tmpfs rw,seclabel,relatime 0 0
/dev/sda3 / ext4 rw,seclabel,relatime,barrier=1,data=ordered 0 0
none /selinux selinuxfs rw,relatime 0 0
devtmpfs /dev devtmpfs rw,seclabel,relatime,size=960940k,nr_inodes=183013,mode=755 0 0
/proc/bus/usb /proc/bus/usb usbfs rw,relatime 0 0
/dev/sda1 /boot ext4 rw,seclabel,relatime,barrier=1,data=ordered 0 0
none /proc/sys/fs/binfmt_misc binfmt_misc rw,relatime 0 0
vmware-vmblock /var/run/vmblock-fuse fuse.vmware-vmblock rw,nosuid,nodev,relatime,user_id=0,group_id=0,default_permissions,allow_other 0 0
gvfs-fuse-daemon /root/.gvfs fuse.gvfs-fuse-daemon rw,nosuid,nodev,relatime,user_id=0,group_id=0 0 00x7: /proc/mtrr
reg00: base=0x000000000 ( 0MB), size= 2048MB, count=1: write-back0x8: /proc/scsi: A directory with scsi files and driver directories
1. scsi: A list of all scsi devices known to the kernel
2. device_info - Various scsi driver brand names
dr-xr-xr-x 3 root root 0 Jun 4 17:03 ./
dr-xr-xr-x 117 root root 0 May 21 21:10 ../
-r--r--r-- 1 root root 0 Jun 4 17:03 device_info
-r--r--r-- 1 root root 0 Jun 4 17:03 scsi
dr-xr-xr-x 2 root root 0 Jun 4 17:03 sg/0x9: /proc/ioports
root@iZ231vybmaeZ:/usr/local/aegis/aegis_client/aegis_00_73# cat /proc/ioports
0000-0cf7 : PCI Bus 0000:00
0000-001f : dma1
0020-0021 : pic1
0040-0043 : timer0
0050-0053 : timer1
0060-0060 : keyboard
0064-0064 : keyboard
0070-0071 : rtc0
0080-008f : dma page reg
00a0-00a1 : pic2
00c0-00df : dma2
00f0-00ff : fpu
0170-0177 : 0000:00:01.1
0170-0177 : ata_piix
01f0-01f7 : 0000:00:01.1
01f0-01f7 : ata_piix
0376-0376 : 0000:00:01.1
0376-0376 : ata_piix
03c0-03df : vga+
03f2-03f2 : floppy
03f4-03f5 : floppy
03f6-03f6 : 0000:00:01.1
03f6-03f6 : ata_piix
03f7-03f7 : floppy
04d0-04d1 : pnp 00:02
08a0-08a3 : pnp 00:02
0cc0-0ccf : pnp 00:02
0cf8-0cff : PCI conf1
0d00-ffff : PCI Bus 0000:00
10c0-1141 : pnp 00:01
1f40-1f7f : 0000:00:01.3
1f40-1f43 : ACPI PM1a_EVT_BLK
1f44-1f45 : ACPI PM1a_CNT_BLK
1f48-1f4b : ACPI PM_TMR
1f68-1f6f : ACPI GPE0_BLK
b010-b015 : ACPI CPU throttle
b044-b047 : pnp 00:01
c000-c0ff : 0000:00:03.0
c000-c0ff : xen-platform-pci
c100-c11f : 0000:00:01.2
c100-c11f : uhci_hcd
c120-c12f : 0000:00:01.1
c120-c12f : ata_piix
5. 系统信息
0x1: /proc/cmdline: 系统命令行
cmdline: The command line at system startup.
My file contains:
"ro root=UUID=c03bcf41-af81-41b2-b476-e986f278bbb2 rd_NO_LUKS rd_NO_LVM LANG=en_US.UTF-8 rd_NO_MD SYSFONT=latarcyrheb-sun16 crashkernel=129M@0M
KEYBOARDTYPE=pc KEYTABLE=us rd_NO_DM rhgb quiet"0x2: /proc/filesystems: A text listing of the filesystems compiled into the kernel
显示当前系统已经安装支持的文件系统驱动(即支持哪些文件系统)
nodev sysfs
nodev rootfs
nodev bdev
nodev proc
nodev cgroup
nodev cpuset
nodev tmpfs
nodev devtmpfs
nodev binfmt_misc
nodev debugfs
nodev securityfs
nodev sockfs
nodev usbfs
nodev pipefs
nodev anon_inodefs
nodev inotifyfs
nodev devpts
nodev ramfs
nodev hugetlbfs
iso9660
nodev pstore
nodev mqueue
nodev selinuxfs
ext4
nodev fuse
fuseblk
nodev fusectl0x3: /proc/kcore: Represents the physical memory of the system stored in the core format
/proc/kcore: ELF 32-bit LSB core file Intel 80386, version 1 (SYSV), SVR4-style, from 'ro root=UUID=c03bcf41-af81-41b2-b476-e986f278bbb2 rd_NO_LUKS rd_NO_LVM LANG=en_U'0x4: /proc/kmsg: This file can be used to log system messages
输入指令
cat /proc/kmsg
命令行会进入消息循环阻塞状态，不断打印出当前系统的的message，我们可以利用这个特性进行内核开发的调试
0x5: /proc/loadavg: Load average numbers
显示当前系统负载情况
0.00 0.00 0.00 1/275 242790x6: /proc/meminfo: report memory usage
MemTotal: 1938768 kB
MemFree: 593004 kB
Buffers: 78100 kB
Cached: 750600 kB
SwapCached: 0 kB
Active: 589528 kB
Inactive: 373588 kB
Active(anon): 48524 kB
Inactive(anon): 90908 kB
Active(file): 541004 kB
Inactive(file): 282680 kB
Unevictable: 0 kB
Mlocked: 0 kB
HighTotal: 1189832 kB
HighFree: 584536 kB
LowTotal: 748936 kB
LowFree: 8468 kB
SwapTotal: 4161528 kB
SwapFree: 4161528 kB
Dirty: 24 kB
Writeback: 0 kB
AnonPages: 134436 kB
Mapped: 70708 kB
Shmem: 5016 kB
Slab: 353944 kB
SReclaimable: 31848 kB
SUnreclaim: 322096 kB
KernelStack: 2184 kB
PageTables: 7208 kB
NFS_Unstable: 0 kB
Bounce: 0 kB
WritebackTmp: 0 kB
CommitLimit: 5130912 kB
Committed_AS: 650372 kB
VmallocTotal: 122880 kB
VmallocUsed: 5908 kB
VmallocChunk: 103832 kB
HugePages_Total: 0
HugePages_Free: 0
HugePages_Rsvd: 0
HugePages_Surp: 0
Hugepagesize: 2048 kB
DirectMap4k: 12280 kB
DirectMap2M: 894976 kB0x7: /proc/misc
229 fuse
223 uinput
184 microcode
57 rfkill
58 device-mapper
59 network_throughput
60 network_latency
61 cpu_dma_latency
62 crash
175 agpgart
144 nvram
228 hpet
231 snapshot
227 mcelog
63 vga_arbiter0x8: /proc/partitions: Lists the partitions and their device major and minor numbers
major minor #blocks name
8 0 10485760 sda
8 1 307200 sda1
8 2 4161536 sda2
8 3 6016000 sda30x9: /proc/stat: kernel statistics subdirectory
显示和系统当前运行状态有关的信息
1. cpu: Jiffies spent in user mode, user mode with low priority, system mode, and idle.
2. disk: Four disk entries not yet implemented
3. page: The number of pages the system paged in and out.
4. swap: Swap pages that have been brought in and out.
5. intr: The number of interrupts received form the system boot
6. ctxt: The number of context switches that the system underwent.
7. btime: Boot time in seconds since Jan 1, 1970.cat /proc/stat
cpu 3355 2034 14361 34172 957 143 75 0 0
cpu0 3355 2034 14361 34172 957 143 75 0 0
intr 313510 209 383 0 3 268 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 3578 0 0 0 2034 79701 478 294 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3014 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0
ctxt 364763
btime 1406815679
processes 3447
procs_running 1
procs_blocked 0
softirq 520879 0 205379 252 298 79676 0 592 0 100 2345820x10: /proc/swaps: A file defining swap partitions
显示当前系统内存交换文件
Filename Type Size Used Priority
/dev/sda2 partition 4161528 0 -10x11: /proc/tty
1. driver: A directory
1. serial
2. drivers: A file listing device drivers
/dev/tty /dev/tty 5 0 system:/dev/tty
/dev/console /dev/console 5 1 system:console
/dev/ptmx /dev/ptmx 5 2 system
/dev/vc/0 /dev/vc/0 4 0 system:vtmaster
rfcomm /dev/rfcomm 216 0-255 serial
serial /dev/ttyS 4 64-95 serial
pty_slave /dev/pts 136 0-1048575 pty:slave
pty_master /dev/ptm 128 0-1048575 pty:master
unknown /dev/tty 4 1-63 console0x12: /proc/version
Linux version 2.6.32-431.20.5.el6.centos.plus.i686 (mockbuild@c6b9.bsys.dev.centos.org) (gcc version 4.4.6 20120305 (Red Hat 4.4.6-4) (GCC) ) #1 SMP Fri Jul 25 06:25:17 UTC 20140x13: /proc/sys/
The /proc/sys/ directory is different from others in /proc/ because it not only provides information about the system but also allows the system administrator to immediately enable and disable kernel features.
Relevant Link:
https://access.redhat.com/documentation/en-US/Red_Hat_Enterprise_Linux/6/html/Deployment_Guide/s2-proc-dir-sys.html
6. /dev简介
设备文件分为两种: 块设备文件(b)和字符设备文件(c)，对于/dev我们需要明白，它不是设备驱动，linux有自己的设备驱动，/dev下的文件只是访问相应驱动的接口
设备文件一般存放在/dev目录下，对常见设备文件作如下说明：
/dev/hd[a-t]：IDE设备
/dev/sd[a-z]：SCSI设备
/dev/fd[0-7]：标准软驱
/dev/md[0-31]：软raid设备
/dev/loop[0-7]：本地回环设备
/dev/ram[0-15]：内存
/dev/null：无限数据接收设备,相当于黑洞
/dev/zero：无限零资源
/dev/tty[0-63]：虚拟终端
/dev/ttyS[0-3]：串口
/dev/lp[0-3]：并口
/dev/console：控制台(tty)
/dev/fb[0-31]：framebuffer
/dev/cdrom => /dev/hdc
/dev/modem => /dev/ttyS[0-9]
/dev/pilot => /dev/ttyS[0-9]
/dev/random：随机数设备
/dev/urandom：随机数设备0x1: tty(本地交互终端shell设备) "tty"这个词源于Teletypes，或者teletypewriters，原来指的是电传打字机，是通过串行线用打印机键盘通过阅读和发送信息的东西，后 来这东西被键盘与显示器取代，所以现在叫终端比较合适。
终端是一种字符型设备，它有多种类型，通常使用tty来简称各种类型的终端设备。
通常我们在linux下看到的控制台(console)是由几个设备完成的。分别是
1. /dev/tty0
tty0就是/dev/console，由linux/drivers/char/console.c对应
2. /dev/tty1
3. /dev/tty2
tty1，tty2就是不同的虚拟终端(virtual console)。通常使用热键alt+Fn来在这些虚拟终端之间进行切换。由和vt.c对应
4. /dev/tty3
5. /dev/tty4
6. /dev/tty5
7. /dev/tty6
...0x2: pty(远程登录交互终端shell设备)
我们在远程telnet到主机或使用xterm时也需要一个终端交互，这就是虚拟终端pty(pseudo-tty)
ll /dev/pts/dev/pts是远程登陆(telnet,ssh等)后创建的控制台设备文件所在的目录。由于可能有好几千个用户登陆，所以/dev/pts其实是动态生成的，不象其他设备文件是构建系统时就已经产生的硬盘节点(如果未使用devfs)
1. /dev/pts/0
第一个用户登陆，console的设备文件为/dev/pts/0
2. /dev/pts/1
第二个为/dev/pts/1
3. 以此类推
//这里的0、1、2、3不是具体的标准输入或输出，而是整个控制台Relevant Link:
http://blog.csdn.net/maopig/article/details/7195048
http://www.jz123.cn/text/1929468.html
7. 内存相关
0x1: /proc/iomem: I/O内存
zhenghan.zh@miser010249213142.yh $ cat /proc/iomem
00010000-0009dbff : System RAM
0009dc00-0009ffff : reserved
000a0000-000bffff : Video RAM area
000c0000-000c8bff : Video ROM
000c9000-000c97ff : Adapter ROM
000c9800-000cb9ff : Adapter ROM
000f0000-000fffff : System ROM
00100000-dfffcfff : System RAM
00200000-0047dd90 : Kernel code
0047dd91-005c075f : Kernel data
dfffd000-dfffffff : reserved
f0000000-f1ffffff : 0000:00:02.0
f2000000-f2000fff : 0000:00:02.0
f2010000-f201ffff : 0000:00:02.0
f2020000-f2020fff : 0000:00:03.0
f2020000-f2020fff : virtio-pci
f2030000-f203ffff : 0000:00:03.0
f2040000-f2040fff : 0000:00:04.0
f2040000-f2040fff : virtio-pci
fffbc000-ffffffff : reserved
100000000-2132fffff : System RAM
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