【Zabbix】基于CentOS 7.9系统安装部署Zabbix 5.0LTS版本监控系统（详细教程）-CFANZ编程社区

文章目录

〇、参考链接🔗

产品手册 (zabbix.com)

Zabbix 中文文档

Windows agent installation from MSI

一、Zabbix简介🔊

二、Zabbix功能特点及架构图🥇

概述🥇

数据采集

灵活的阈值定义

高度可配置化的告警

实时图形

Web监控功能

丰富的可视化选项

历史数据存储

配置简单

网络发现

三、Zabbix节点规划🎨

主机名	IP地址	操作系统	服务角色
💻zabbix-server	192.168.200.60	CentOS 7.9	Zabbix-Server
💻zabbix-agent-centos	192.168.200.70	CentOS 7.9	Zabbix-Agent
💻xyb	192.168.200.80	Windows 10	Zabbix-Agent

四、Zabbix安装步骤📌

Ⅰ、Zabbix-Server服务端部署🔴

1、基础环境配置 📖

（1）配置主机名📚

[root@localhost ~]# hostnamectl set-hostname zabbix-server
[root@localhost ~]# bash
[root@zabbix-server ~]# hostname
zabbix-server

（2）关闭防火墙和SELINUX安全模式📴

#关闭防火墙并设置开机不启动
[root@zabbix-server ~]# systemctl disable firewalld
Removed symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/firewalld.service.
Removed symlink /etc/systemd/system/dbus-org.fedoraproject.FirewallD1.service.

关闭SElinux安全模式
[root@zabbix-server ~]# setenforce 0
[root@zabbix-server ~]# getenforce
Permissive
[root@zabbix-server ~]# vi /etc/selinux/config
修改以下内容：
SELINUX=disabled
按:wq保存退出即可。重启生效。
[root@zabbix-server ~]# reboot

（3）配置网络信息📝

[root@zabbix-server ~]# vi /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-ens32 
[root@zabbix-server ~]# cat /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-ens32 
TYPE=Ethernet
PROXY_METHOD=none
BROWSER_ONLY=no
BOOTPROTO=static
DEFROUTE=yes
IPV4_FAILURE_FATAL=no
IPV6INIT=yes
IPV6_AUTOCONF=yes
IPV6_DEFROUTE=yes
IPV6_FAILURE_FATAL=no
IPV6_ADDR_GEN_MODE=stable-privacy
NAME=ens32
DEVICE=ens32
ONBOOT=yes
IPADDR=192.168.200.60
PREFIX=24
GATEWAY=192.168.200.1
DNS1=8.8.8.8
DNS2=192.168.200.1
[root@zabbix-server ~]# systemctl restart network
[root@zabbix-server ~]# systemctl status network

（4）配置更新YUM源📝

备份系统YUM源

[root@zabbix-server ~]# cd /etc/yum.repos.d/
[root@zabbix-server yum.repos.d]# mkdir bak
[root@zabbix-server yum.repos.d]# cp -r CentOS-* bak/
[root@zabbix-server yum.repos.d]# cd bak
[root@zabbix-server bak]# ll
total 40
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1664 Feb  9 15:56 CentOS-Base.repo
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1309 Feb  9 15:56 CentOS-CR.repo
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  649 Feb  9 15:56 CentOS-Debuginfo.repo
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  314 Feb  9 15:56 CentOS-fasttrack.repo
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  630 Feb  9 15:56 CentOS-Media.repo
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1331 Feb  9 15:56 CentOS-Sources.repo
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 8515 Feb  9 15:56 CentOS-Vault.repo
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  616 Feb  9 15:56 CentOS-x86_64-kernel.repo

配置阿里云YUM镜像源

[root@zabbix-server yum.repos.d]# curl -o /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo https://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-7.repo
  % Total    % Received % Xferd  Average Speed   Time    Time     Time  Current
                                 Dload  Upload   Total   Spent    Left  Speed
100  2523  100  2523    0     0  20183      0 --:--:-- --:--:-- --:--:-- 20184
[root@zabbix-server yum.repos.d]# ll
total 4
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root  220 Feb  9 15:56 bak
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 2523 Feb  9 16:05 CentOS-Base.repo

更新YUM源

[root@zabbix-server ~]# yum clean all
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Cleaning repos: base extras updates
Cleaning up list of fastest mirrors
[root@zabbix-server ~]# yum makecache
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Determining fastest mirrors
 * base: mirrors.aliyuncs.com
 * extras: mirrors.aliyuncs.com
 * updates: mirrors.aliyuncs.com
base                                      | 3.6 kB  00:00:00     
extras                                    | 2.9 kB  00:00:00     
updates                                   | 2.9 kB  00:00:00     
(1/10): base/7/x86_64/group_gz            | 153 kB  00:00:00     
(2/10): base/7/x86_64/primary_db          | 6.1 MB  00:00:00     
(3/10): base/7/x86_64/other_db            | 2.6 MB  00:00:00     
(4/10): extras/7/x86_64/filelists_db      | 259 kB  00:00:00   
(5/10): extras/7/x86_64/primary_db        | 243 kB  00:00:00 
(6/10): extras/7/x86_64/other_db          | 145 kB  00:00:00     
(7/10): base/7/x86_64/filelists_db        | 7.2 MB  00:00:01     
(8/10): updates/7/x86_64/filelists_db     | 7.4 MB  00:00:01     
(9/10): updates/7/x86_64/other_db         | 960 kB  00:00:00     
(10/10): updates/7/x86_64/primary_db      |  13 MB  00:00:01     
Metadata Cache Created
[root@zabbix-server ~]# yum repolist
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
 * base: mirrors.aliyuncs.com
 * extras: mirrors.aliyuncs.com
 * updates: mirrors.aliyuncs.com
repo id                 repo name                  status
base/7/x86_64    CentOS-7 - Base - mirrors.aliyun.com    10,072
extras/7/x86_64  CentOS-7 - Extras - mirrors.aliyun.com   500
updates/7/x86_64 CentOS-7 - Updates - mirrors.aliyun.com  3,411
repolist: 13,983
[root@zabbix-server ~]# yum update

2、安装Zabbix镜像源📔

[root@zabbix-server yum.repos.d]# rpm -Uvh https://mirrors.aliyun.com/zabbix/zabbix/5.0/rhel/7/x86_64/zabbix-release-5.0-1.el7.noarch.rpm
Retrieving https://mirrors.aliyun.com/zabbix/zabbix/5.0/rhel/7/x86_64/zabbix-release-5.0-1.el7.noarch.rpm
warning: /var/tmp/rpm-tmp.lQMN6g: Header V4 RSA/SHA512 Signature, key ID a14fe591: NOKEY
Preparing...                          ################################# [100%]
Updating / installing...
   1:zabbix-release-5.0-1.el7         ################################# [100%]
[root@zabbix-server yum.repos.d]# ll
total 8
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root  220 Feb  9 15:56 bak
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1759 Feb  9 16:35 CentOS-Base.repo
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  853 May 11  2020 zabbix.repo
[root@zabbix-server yum.repos.d]# sed -i 's#http://repo.zabbix.com#https://mirrors.aliyun.com/zabbix#' /etc/yum.repos.d/zabbix.repo 
[root@zabbix-server yum.repos.d]# yum makecache
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
base                                       | 3.6 kB  00:00:00     
extras                                     | 2.9 kB  00:00:00     
updates                                    | 2.9 kB  00:00:00     
zabbix                                     | 2.9 kB  00:00:00     
zabbix-non-supported                       | 2.9 kB  00:00:00     
(1/6): zabbix/x86_64/primary_db            | 140 kB  00:00:00     
(2/6): zabbix/x86_64/other_db              | 215 kB  00:00:00     
(3/6): zabbix-non-supported/x86_64/filelists_db  | 1.7 kB  00:00:00   
(4/6): zabbix-non-supported/x86_64/other_db      | 3.3 kB  00:00:00 
(5/6): zabbix/x86_64/filelists_db                |  49 kB  00:00:01   
(6/6): zabbix-non-supported/x86_64/primary_db    | 3.7 kB  00:00:01 
Metadata Cache Created
[root@zabbix-server yum.repos.d]# yum repolist
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
repo id                repo name          status
base/7/x86_64     CentOS-7 - Base - mirrors.aliyun.com       10,072
extras/7/x86_64   CentOS-7 - Extras - mirrors.aliyun.com     500
updates/7/x86_64  CentOS-7 - Updates - mirrors.aliyun.com    3,411
zabbix/x86_64     Zabbix Official Repository - x86_64        233
zabbix-non-supported/x86_64 Zabbix Official Repository non-supported - x86_64           5
repolist: 14,221
[root@zabbix-server yum.repos.d]#

3、安装 Zabbix 服务器📕

[root@zabbix-server ~]# yum install zabbix-server-mysql
[root@zabbix-server ~]# rpm -qa | grep zabbix
zabbix-release-5.0-1.el7.noarch
zabbix-server-mysql-5.0.20-1.el7.x86_64

4、安装 SCL 存储库📗

参考链接：RHEL/CentOS 7 前端安装

使用yum搜索Zabbix
[root@zabbix-server ~]# yum search all zabbix
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
============================================== Matched: zabbix ==============================================
zabbix-agent.x86_64 : Old Zabbix Agent
zabbix-agent2.x86_64 : New Zabbix Agent
zabbix-get.x86_64 : Zabbix Get
zabbix-js.x86_64 : Zabbix JS
zabbix-proxy-mysql.x86_64 : Zabbix proxy for MySQL or MariaDB database
zabbix-proxy-pgsql.x86_64 : Zabbix proxy for PostgreSQL database
zabbix-proxy-sqlite3.x86_64 : Zabbix proxy for SQLite3 database
zabbix-release.noarch : Zabbix repository configuration
zabbix-sender.x86_64 : Zabbix Sender
zabbix-server-mysql.x86_64 : Zabbix server for MySQL or MariaDB database
zabbix-server-pgsql.x86_64 : Zabbix server for PostgresSQL database
pcp-export-pcp2zabbix.x86_64 : Performance Co-Pilot tools for exporting PCP metrics to Zabbix
pcp-export-zabbix-agent.x86_64 : Module for exporting PCP metrics to Zabbix agent
zabbix-java-gateway.x86_64 : Zabbix java gateway

建议使用Red Hat软件集合中的PHP包。

在CentOS环境下：

[root@zabbix-server ~]# yum install centos-release-scl

查看php 7.x版本

[root@zabbix-server ~]# yum list rh-php7\*

会返回显示新的rh-php7*列表。

编辑/etc/yum.repos.d/zabbix.repo文件

[zabbix-frontend]
...
enabled=1
...

把enabled=0替代成 enabled=1。

在此阶段，通yum搜索Zabbix将返回zabbix-web包和四个新包。这四个包是:

zabbix-nginx-conf-scl.noarch : Nginx的Zabbix前端配置 (scl 版本)
zabbix-web-deps-scl.noarch : 用于从redhat软件集合安装zabbix-web包所需PHP依赖项的便利包
zabbix-web-mysql-scl.noarch : 用于MySQL数据库的Zabbix web前端包 (scl 版本)
zabbix-web-pgsql-scl.noarch : 用于PostgreSQL数据库的Zabbix web前端包(scl 版本)

5、安装zabbix 前端包📘

[root@zabbix-server ~]# yum install -y zabbix-web-mysql-scl zabbix-apache-conf-scl zabbix-nginx-conf-scl
[root@zabbix-server ~]# rpm -qa | grep zabbix
zabbix-web-mysql-scl-5.0.20-1.el7.noarch
zabbix-apache-conf-scl-5.0.20-1.el7.noarch
zabbix-nginx-conf-scl-5.0.20-1.el7.noarch
zabbix-web-5.0.20-1.el7.noarch
zabbix-release-5.0-1.el7.noarch
zabbix-web-deps-scl-5.0.20-1.el7.noarch
zabbix-server-mysql-5.0.20-1.el7.x86_64

6、安装并配置数据库📙

安装mariadb数据库

[root@zabbix-server ~]# yum install mariadb-server

启动数据库并设置开机自启动

[root@zabbix-server ~]# systemctl start mariadb
[root@zabbix-server ~]# systemctl enable mariadb
[root@zabbix-server ~]# systemctl status mariadb

初始化数据库并设置数据库登录密码🔐

[root@zabbix-server ~]# mysql_secure_installation 

NOTE: RUNNING ALL PARTS OF THIS SCRIPT IS RECOMMENDED FOR ALL MariaDB
      SERVERS IN PRODUCTION USE!  PLEASE READ EACH STEP CAREFULLY!

In order to log into MariaDB to secure it, we'll need the current
password for the root user.  If you've just installed MariaDB, and
you haven't set the root password yet, the password will be blank,
so you should just press enter here.

Enter current password for root (enter for none): 
OK, successfully used password, moving on...

Setting the root password ensures that nobody can log into the MariaDB
root user without the proper authorisation.

Set root password? [Y/n] y
New password: 
Re-enter new password: 
Password updated successfully!
Reloading privilege tables..
 ... Success!


By default, a MariaDB installation has an anonymous user, allowing anyone
to log into MariaDB without having to have a user account created for
them.  This is intended only for testing, and to make the installation
go a bit smoother.  You should remove them before moving into a
production environment.

Remove anonymous users? [Y/n] y
 ... Success!

Normally, root should only be allowed to connect from 'localhost'.  This
ensures that someone cannot guess at the root password from the network.

Disallow root login remotely? [Y/n] n
 ... skipping.

By default, MariaDB comes with a database named 'test' that anyone can
access.  This is also intended only for testing, and should be removed
before moving into a production environment.

Remove test database and access to it? [Y/n] y
 - Dropping test database...
 ... Success!
 - Removing privileges on test database...
 ... Success!

Reloading the privilege tables will ensure that all changes made so far
will take effect immediately.

Reload privilege tables now? [Y/n] y
 ... Success!

Cleaning up...

All done!  If you've completed all of the above steps, your MariaDB
installation should now be secure.

Thanks for using MariaDB!

进入数据库，创建zabbix数据库，注意：设置编码格式为utf-8。

[root@zabbix-server ~]# mysql -uroot -p
Enter password: 
Welcome to the MariaDB monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MariaDB connection id is 11
Server version: 5.5.68-MariaDB MariaDB Server

Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle, MariaDB Corporation Ab and others.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

MariaDB [(none)]> create database zabbix character set utf8 collate utf8_bin;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

MariaDB [(none)]> create user zabbix@localhost identified by '000000';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

MariaDB [(none)]> grant all privileges on zabbix.* to zabbix@localhost;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

MariaDB [(none)]> flush privileges;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

MariaDB [(none)]> quit
Bye

导入初始架构和数据，系统将提示您输入新创建的密码。

[root@zabbix-server ~]# zcat /usr/share/doc/zabbix-server-mysql*/create.sql.gz | mysql -uzabbix -p zabbix
Enter password: 
[root@zabbix-server ~]#

7、修改zabbix_server.conf配置文件📚

为Zabbix server配置数据库

修改配置文件 /etc/zabbix/zabbix_server.conf，修改数据库密码。

[root@zabbix-server ~]# vim /etc/zabbix/zabbix_server.conf 
修改内容
DBPassword=password
保存退出

8、修改 zabbix 的 php 配置文件📓

[root@zabbix-server ~]# vim /etc/opt/rh/rh-php72/php-fpm.d/zabbix.conf
修改内容
#将注释;去掉，并修改为
php_value[date.timezone] = Asia/Shanghai
按:wq保存退出

9、启动Zabbix server和agent进程📒

🎈启动Zabbix server和agent进程，并为它们设置开机自启🎈

[root@zabbix-server ~]# systemctl start zabbix-server zabbix-agent httpd rh-php72-php-fpm
[root@zabbix-server ~]# systemctl enable zabbix-server zabbix-agent httpd rh-php72-php-fpm
[root@zabbix-server ~]# systemctl status zabbix-server zabbix-agent httpd rh-php72-php-fpm
[root@zabbix-server ~]# netstat -ntpl

10、配置Zabbix前端-WEB界面安装📃

连接到新安装的Zabbix前端： http://server_ip_or_name/zabbix

11、登录Zabbix集群控制面板📜

输入系统默认的用户名和密码Admin/zabbix。

12、设置成中文界面📄

Ⅱ、Zabbix-agent客户端部署——添加一台centos监控主机🟡

🎨参考链接：新建主机 (zabbix.com)
注意事项：被监视的主机需要和服务器在同一网络下；修改的的主机名需要一致。

1、完成基础环境配置🆗

修改主机名；
关闭防火墙和SElinux安全模式；
配置网卡信息，测试网络连通性；
配置并更新YUM源（包括CentOS源、Zabbix源）

2、安装配置Agent✅

安装zabbix-agent

rpm -Uvh https://mirrors.aliyun.com/zabbix/zabbix/5.0/rhel/7/x86_64/zabbix-release-5.0-1.el7.nsoarch.rpm

sed -i 's#http://repo.zabbix.com#https://mirrors.aliyun.com/zabbix#' /etc/yum.repos.d/zabbix.repo

配置zabbix-agent

[root@zabbix-agent-centos ~]# vim /etc/zabbix/zabbix_agentd.conf 
修改内容如下
# zabbix 服务端地址
Server=192.168.200.60
# zabbix活动服务器地址
ServerActive=192.168.200.60
# 主机名，在web页面添加主机时需设置相同
Hostname=zabbix-agent-centos
按:wq保存退出。

启动zabbix-agent

[root@zabbix-agent-centos ~]# systemctl start zabbix-agent
[root@zabbix-agent-centos ~]# systemctl enable zabbix-agent
[root@zabbix-agent-centos ~]# systemctl status zabbix-agent

3、Web页面创建主机⏩

至此，CentOS系统监控主机添加完成。

Ⅲ、Zabbix-agent客户端部署——添加一台Windows监控主机🟢

📣 参考链接：4 Windows agent installation from MSI (zabbix.com)

1、安装Zabbix Agent包💖

至此，在Windows 10 系统上，安装部署Zabbix Agent客户端完毕。

2、添加配置防火墙规则💛

3、Web页面创建主机💙

至此，Windows系统监控主机添加完成。

Ⅳ、添加监控项

1、创建应用集

点击“应用集”；
点击“创建应用集”
填写“名称”
添加完成

2、创建监控项

点击“创建监控项”
监控服务器CPU中断数，设备的中断数。返回整数。填写相关参数
测试是否能过获取监控数据
监控项已添加完成

❌❗出现以下报错信息：

[root@zabbix-agent-centos ~]# zabbix_get -s 192.168.200.60 -p 10050 -k 'system.cpu.intr'
-bash: zabbix_get: command not found
没有安装zabbix_get工具，执行yum命令安装即可。
[root@zabbix-agent-centos ~]# yum install -y zabbix-get-5.0.20-1.el7.x86_64

[root@zabbix-server ~]# zabbix_get -s 192.168.200.60 -p 10050 -k 'system.cpu.intr'
377422

在zabbix-agent客户端，使用命令查看intr的速率变化：

[root@zabbix-agent-centos ~]# vmstat 1
procs -----------memory---------- ---swap-- -----io---- -system-- ------cpu-----
 r  b   swpd   free   buff  cache   si   so    bi    bo   in   cs us sy id wa st
 2  0      0 1636652   2108 260304    0    0    85     5   54  119  0  0 99  0  0
 0  0      0 1636652   2108 260336    0    0     0     0   81  122  0  0 100  0  0
 0  0      0 1636652   2108 260336    0    0     0     0   67  102  0  0 100  0  0
 0  0      0 1636652   2108 260336    0    0     0     0   74  114  0  1 99  0  0
 0  0      0 1636652   2108 260336    0    0     0     0   64  101  0  0 100  0  0

五、常见问题❓❌

1、ssh远程登录报错问题💥

C:\Users\xybdiy>ssh root@192.168.200.60
@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@
@    WARNING: REMOTE HOST IDENTIFICATION HAS CHANGED!     @
@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@
IT IS POSSIBLE THAT SOMEONE IS DOING SOMETHING NASTY!
Someone could be eavesdropping on you right now (man-in-the-middle attack)!
It is also possible that a host key has just been changed.
The fingerprint for the ECDSA key sent by the remote host is
SHA256:dLKCGuPVvBAqv4F6zitccxVsxbZHwMoeqcH6/HFZ05c.
Please contact your system administrator.
Add correct host key in C:\\Users\\xybdiy/.ssh/known_hosts to get rid of this message.
Offending ECDSA key in C:\\Users\\xybdiy/.ssh/known_hosts:15
ECDSA host key for 192.168.200.60 has changed and you have requested strict checking.
Host key verification failed.

# 解决办法
清除本地缓存密钥后，重新SSH远程连接
C:\Users\xybdiy>ssh-keygen -R 192.168.200.60
# Host 192.168.200.60 found: line 15
C:\Users\xybdiy/.ssh/known_hosts updated.
Original contents retained as C:\Users\xybdiy/.ssh/known_hosts.old

2、PHP option “date.timezone” unknown fail 报错信息💢

解决办法:
[root@zabbix-server ~]# vim /etc/opt/rh/rh-php72/php-fpm.d/zabbix.conf
修改内容
#将注释;去掉，并修改为
php_value[date.timezone] = Asia/Shanghai
按:wq保存退出
重启相关服务即可。

3、中文乱码问题💥

上传微软雅黑的字体 📌

解决办法：
1️⃣#查询zabbix目录的所在的位置
[root@zabbix-server ~]# whereis zabbix
zabbix: /usr/lib/zabbix /etc/zabbix /usr/share/zabbix

2️⃣#通过find命令搜索fonts目录存放的位置
[root@zabbix-server ~]# find / -name fonts
/boot/grub2/fonts
/etc/fonts
/usr/share/fonts
/usr/share/zabbix/assets/fonts
/usr/share/httpd/noindex/css/fonts

3️⃣#查看fonts目录下的字体
[root@zabbix-server ~]# ls /usr/share/zabbix/assets/fonts
graphfont.ttf

4️⃣#进入fonts目录，查看该字体的软链接
[root@zabbix-server ~]# cd /usr/share/zabbix/assets/fonts/
[root@zabbix-server fonts]# ll
total 0
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 33 Feb  9 21:23 graphfont.ttf -> /etc/alternatives/zabbix-web-font

5️⃣#查看字体是否上传
[root@zabbix-server fonts]# ls
graphfont.ttf  msyh.ttc

6️⃣# 删除旧软链接
[root@zabbix-server fonts]# rm -f /etc/alternatives/zabbix-web-font

7️⃣# 新建新软链接
[root@zabbix-server fonts]# ln -s /usr/share/zabbix/assets/fonts/msyh.ttc /etc/alternatives/zabbix-web-font

8️⃣#重启zabbix-server服务
[root@zabbix-server fonts]# systemctl restart zabbix-server
[root@zabbix-server fonts]# systemctl status zabbix-server

成功解决