Nginx+Tomcat（负载均衡、动静分离）-CFANZ编程社区

一、Nginx概述

1.Nginx应用

一、Nginx概述

1.Nginx应用

二、正向代理和反向代理

1.正向代理

1.1主要作用

1.2工作原理

2.反向代理

2.1主要作用

2.2工作原理

三、负载均衡模式

1.轮询

配置示例

upstream backend {
    server backend1.example.com;
    server backend2.example.com;
    server backend3.example.com;
}

2.最少连接数

配置示例

upstream backend {
    least_conn;
    server backend1.example.com;
    server backend2.example.com;
    server backend3.example.com;
}

3.IP 哈希

配置示例

upstream backend {
    ip_hash;
    server backend1.example.com;
    server backend2.example.com;
    server backend3.example.com;
}

4.加权轮询

配置示例

upstream backend {
    server backend1.example.com weight=3;
    server backend2.example.com weight=1;
    server backend3.example.com weight=2;
}

5.最少时间算法

配置示例

upstream backend {
    least_time header;
    server backend1.example.com;
    server backend2.example.com;
    server backend3.example.com;
}

6.一致性哈希

配置示例

upstream backend {
    hash $request_uri consistent;
    server backend1.example.com;
    server backend2.example.com;
    server backend3.example.com;
}

四、规划部署负载均衡和反向代理

1.部署Nginx负载均衡器

关闭防火墙和临时防护

systemctl stop firewalld
setenforce 0

1.1安装所需的依赖包

yum -y install pcre-devel zlib-devel openssl-devel gcc gcc-c++ make

1.2创建Nginx用户

useradd -M -s /sbin/nologin nginx

tail -2 /etc/passwd

1.3下载并解压Nginx源码

解压
cd /opt
tar zxvf nginx-1.20.2.tar.gz -C /opt/

编译安装
cd nginx-1.20.2/
 
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/nginx \
            --user=nginx \
            --group=nginx \
            --with-file-aio \
            --with-http_stub_status_module \
            --with-http_gzip_static_module \
            --with-http_flv_module \
            --with-http_ssl_module \
            --with-stream
 
make && make install

1.4创建软链接

ln -s /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx /usr/local/sbin/

1.5创建Nginx服务文件

vim /lib/systemd/system/nginx.service
 
[Unit]
Description=nginx
After=network.target
 
[Service]
Type=forking
PIDFile=/usr/local/nginx/logs/nginx.pid
ExecStart=/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx
ExecReload=/bin/kill -s HUP $MAINPID
ExecStop=/bin/kill -s QUIT $MAINPID
PrivateTmp=true
 
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

1.6设置权限并启动Nginx

chmod 777 /lib/systemd/system/nginx.service
systemctl start nginx.service
systemctl enable nginx.service

2.部署2台Tomcat应用服务器

停止防火墙并禁用SELinux

systemctl stop firewalld
setenforce 0

2.1安装JDK

tar zxvf jdk-8u91-linux-x64.tar.gz -C /usr/local/

2.2配置环境变量

vim /etc/profile
 
export JAVA_HOME=/usr/local/jdk1.8.0_91
export JRE_HOME=${JAVA_HOME}/jre
export CLASSPATH=.:${JAVA_HOME}/lib:${JRE_HOME}/lib
export PATH=${JAVA_HOME}/bin:$PATH

加载环境变量
source /etc/profile

2.3安装并启动Tomcat

tar zxvf apache-tomcat-8.5.16.tar.gz
mv /opt/apache-tomcat-8.5.16/ /usr/local/tomcat
/usr/local/tomcat/bin/shutdown.sh 
/usr/local/tomcat/bin/startup.sh

检查端口
netstat -ntap | grep 8080

3.动静分离配置

3.1Tomcat1服务器配置

创建JSP页面
mkdir /usr/local/tomcat/webapps/test
 
vim /usr/local/tomcat/webapps/test/index.jsp
 
<%@ page language="java" import="java.util.*" pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<html>
<head>
<title>JSP test1 page</title>
</head>
<body>
<% out.println("动态页面 1,http://www.test1.com");%>
</body>
</html>


修改server.xml
vim /usr/local/tomcat/conf/server.xml
 
<Host name="localhost" appBase="webapps" unpackWARs="true" autoDeploy="true" xmlValidation="false" xmlNamespaceAware="false">
    <Context docBase="/usr/local/tomcat/webapps/test" path="" reloadable="true" />
</Host>


重启Tomcat服务
/usr/local/tomcat/bin/shutdown.sh 
/usr/local/tomcat/bin/startup.sh

3.2Tomcat2服务器配置

创建JSP页面
mkdir /usr/local/tomcat/tomcat1/webapps/test
 
vim /usr/local/tomcat/tomcat1/webapps/test/index.jsp
 
<%@ page language="java" import="java.util.*" pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<html>
<head>
<title>JSP test2 page</title>
</head>
<body>
<% out.println("动态页面 2,http://www.test2.com");%>
</body>
</html>


修改server.xml
vim /usr/local/tomcat/tomcat1/conf/server.xml
 
<Host name="localhost" appBase="webapps" unpackWARs="true" autoDeploy="true" xmlValidation="false" xmlNamespaceAware="false">
    <Context docBase="/usr/local/tomcat/tomcat1/webapps/test" path="" reloadable="true" />
</Host>


重启Tomcat服务
/usr/local/tomcat/tomcat1/bin/shutdown.sh 
/usr/local/tomcat/tomcat1/bin/startup.sh

4.Nginx服务器配置

1.准备静态页面和静态图片

echo '<html><body><h1>汪铭是帅哥</h1></body></html>' > /usr/local/nginx/html/index.html
mkdir /usr/local/nginx/html/img
cp /root/game.jpg /usr/local/nginx/html/img

2.修改Nginx配置文件

vim /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
 
http {
    ...
    upstream tomcat_server {
        server 172.16.58.10:8080 weight=1;
        server 172.16.58.20:8080 weight=1;
        server 172.16.58.30:8080 weight=1;
    }
 
    server {
        listen 80;
        server_name www.kgc.com;
        charset utf-8;
 
        location ~ .*\.jsp$ {
            proxy_pass http://tomcat_server;
            proxy_set_header HOST $host;   
            proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
            proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
        }
 
        location ~ .*\.(gif|jpg|jpeg|png|bmp|swf|css)$ {
            root /usr/local/nginx/html/img;
            expires 10d;
        }
 
        location / {
            root html;
            index index.html index.htm;
        }
    }
    ...
}