文章对应的B站视频:https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1Tu41127Ca/
Django系列文章对应的目录:
Django Form 组件
Django Form 组件用于对页面进行初始化,生成 HTML 标签,此外还可以对用户提交对数据进行校验(显示错误信息)。
报错信息显示顺序:
- 先显示字段属性中的错误信息,然后再显示局部钩子的错误信息。
- 若显示了字段属性的错误信息,就不会显示局部钩子的错误信息。
- 若有全局钩子,则全局钩子是等所有的数据都校验完,才开始进行校验,并且全局钩子的错误信息一定会显示。
使用 Form 组件,需要先导入 forms:
from django import forms
接下来我们在 app01 目录下创建一个 My_forms.py:
app01/My_forms.py
from django import forms
from django.core.exceptions import ValidationError
from app01 import models
class EmpForm(forms.Form):
name = forms.CharField(min_length=4, label="姓名", error_messages={"min_length": "太短了", "required": "该字段不能为空!"})
age = forms.IntegerField(label="年龄")
salary = forms.DecimalField(label="工资")
字段属性:
- label:输入框前面的文本信息。
- error_message:自定义显示的错误信息,属性值是字典, 其中 required 为设置不能为空时显示的错误信息的 key。
app01/views.py
from django.shortcuts import render, HttpResponse
from app01.My_forms import EmpForm
from app01 import models
from django.core.exceptions import ValidationError
# Create your views here.
def add_emp(request):
if request.method == "GET":
form = EmpForm()
return render(request, "add_emp.html", {"form": form})
else:
form = EmpForm(request.POST)
if form.is_valid(): # 进行数据校验
# 校验成功
data = form.cleaned_data # 校验成功的值,会放在cleaned_data里。
data.pop('r_salary')
print(data)
models.Emp.objects.create(**data)
return HttpResponse(
'ok'
)
# return render(request, "add_emp.html", {"form": form})
else:
print(form.errors) # 打印错误信息
clean_errors = form.errors.get("__all__")
print(222, clean_errors)
return render(request, "add_emp.html", {"form": form, "clean_errors": clean_errors})
app01/urls.py 文件添加以下规则:
from django.urls import path
from . import views
urlpatterns = [
path('add_emp/', views.add_emp)
]
settings.py 配置:
TEMPLATES 里面的 DIRS
import os
TEMPLATES = [
{
'BACKEND': 'django.template.backends.django.DjangoTemplates',
'DIRS': [os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'app01')],
'APP_DIRS': True,
'OPTIONS': {
'context_processors': [
'django.template.context_processors.debug',
'django.template.context_processors.request',
'django.contrib.auth.context_processors.auth',
'django.contrib.messages.context_processors.messages',
],
},
},
]
'django.middleware.csrf.CsrfViewMiddleware',注释掉
MIDDLEWARE = [
'django.middleware.security.SecurityMiddleware',
'django.contrib.sessions.middleware.SessionMiddleware',
'django.middleware.common.CommonMiddleware',
#'django.middleware.csrf.CsrfViewMiddleware',
'django.contrib.auth.middleware.AuthenticationMiddleware',
'django.contrib.messages.middleware.MessageMiddleware',
'django.middleware.clickjacking.XFrameOptionsMiddleware',
]
HTML 模版:
app01/add_emp.html
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title></title>
</head>
<body>
<h3>添加员工</h3>
{#1、自己手动写HTML页面#}
<form action="" method="post">
<p>姓名:<input type="text" name="name"></p>
<p>年龄:<input type="text" name="age"></p>
<p>工资:<input type="text" name="salary"></p>
<input type="submit">
</form>
{#2、通过form对象的as_p方法实现#}
{#<form action="" method="post" novalidate>#}
{# {% csrf_token %}#}
{# {{ form.as_p }}#}
{# <input type="submit">#}
{#</form>#}
{#3、手动获取form对象的字段#}
{#<form action="" method="post" novalidate>#}
{# {% csrf_token %}#}
{# <div>#}
{# <label for="id_{{ form.name.name }}">姓名</label>#}
{# {{ form.name }} <span>{{ form.name.errors.0 }}</span>#}
{# </div>#}
{# <div>#}
{# <label for="id_{{ form.age.name }}">年龄</label>#}
{# {{ form.age }} <span>{{ form.age.errors.0 }}</span>#}
{# </div>#}
{# <div>#}
{# <label for="id_salary">工资</label>#}
{# {{ form.salary }} <span>{{ form.salary.errors.0 }}</span>#}
{# </div>#}
{# <input type="submit">#}
{#</form>#}
{#4、用for循环展示所有字段#}
{#<form action="" method="post" novalidate>#}
{# {% csrf_token %}#}
{# {% for field in form %}#}
{# <div>#}
{# <label for="id_{{ field.name }}">{{ field.label }}</label>#}
{# {{ field }} <span>{{ field.errors.0 }}</span>#}
{# </div>#}
{# {% endfor %}#}
{# <input type="submit">#}
{#</form>#}
</body>
</html>
http://127.0.0.1:8003/add_emp/