###1.源码编译mysql###
对压缩包进行解压，并对mysql进行源码编译，其中需要下载依赖才能编译成功。
官网： www.mysql.com
解压并进入目录
[root@server1 ~]# tar xf mysql-boost-5.7.40.tar.gz
[root@server1 ~]# cd mysql-5.7.40/
安装依赖性
[root@server1 mysql-5.7.40]# yum install -y cmake gcc-c++ bsion
cmake
[root@server1 mysql-5.7.40]# cmake -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local/mysql -DMYSQL_DATADIR=/data/mysql -DMYSQL_UNIX_ADDR=/data/mysql/mysql.sock -DWITH_INNOBASE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 -DWITH_EXTRA_CHARSETS=all -DDEFAULT_CHARSET=utf8mb4 -DDEFAULT_COLLATION=utf8mb4_unicode_ci -DWITH_BOOST=/root/mysql-5.7.40/boost/boost_1_59_0
[root@server1 mysql-5.7.40]# make
[root@server1 mysql-5.7.40]# make install参数含义
-DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local/mysql ##指定软件的安装路径
-DMYSQL_DATADIR=/data/mysql ##指定MySQL数据库数据文件的存储路径，这一选项在MySQL服务启动时可以通过datadir参数进行设置
-DMYSQL_UNIX_ADDR=/data/mysql/mysql.sock ##指定套接字文件的存储路径，默认是在/tmp/mysql.sock目录下，这一选项可以在MySQL服务启动时通过socket参数进行设置
-DWITH_INNOBASE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 ##静态编译存储引擎
-DSYSCONFDIR=/etc ##指定MySQL参数文件的默认路径，这一选项可以在MySQL服务启动时通过defaults-file参数进行设置
-DENABLED_LOCAL_INFILE=1 ##是否允许从客户端本地加载数据到MySQL服务端，专用于load data infile语句，默认是不允许的
-DWITH_EXTRA_CHARSETS=all ##指定附加支持的字符集，默认是all
-DDEFAULT_CHARSET=utf8mb4 ##指定MySQL服务的默认字符集
-DDEFAULT_COLLATION=utf8mb4_unicode_ci ##指定MySQL服务的默认校对规则
-DWITH_BOOST=/root/mysql-5.7.31/boost/boost_1_59_0 ##安装位置与数据位置
###2.初始化配置mysql###
创建mysql的数据目录，并设定为某一用户的所属人、所属组以保证其执行权限，因此建立该用户。同时拷贝启动脚本，使mysql可全局使用，然后开启服务。
拷贝启动脚本
[root@server1 mysql-5.7.40]# cd /usr/local/mysql/
[root@server1 mysql]# cd support-files/
[root@server1 support-files]# cp mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld
修改mysql配置文件
[root@server1 etc]# vim /etc/my.cnf
[mysqld]
datadir=/data/mysql
socket=/data/mysql/mysql.sock
# Disabling symbolic-links is recommended to prevent assorted security risks
symbolic-links=0
# Settings user and group are ignored when systemd is used.
# If you need to run mysqld under a different user or group,
# customize your systemd unit file for mariadb according to the
# instructions in http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Systemd
#[mysqld_safe]
#log-error=/var/log/mariadb/mariadb.log
#pid-file=/var/run/mariadb/mariadb.pid
#
# include all files from the config directory
#
!includedir /etc/my.cnf.d
创建mysql的数据目录，并设定为mysql用户的所属人、所属组以保证其执行权限，因此建立mysql用户。
[root@server1 ~]# mkdir /data/mysql -p
[root@server1 ~]# useradd -M -d /data/mysql/ -s /sbin/nologin mysql
[root@server1 ~]# chown mysql.mysql /data/mysql/
修改环境变量使其生效
[root@server1 ~]# vim .bash_profile
# .bash_profile
# Get the aliases and functions
if [ -f ~/.bashrc ]; then
. ~/.bashrc
fi
# User specific environment and startup programs
PATH=$PATH:$HOME/bin:/usr/local/php/bin:/usr/local/mysql/bin
export PATH
[root@server1 ~]# source .bash_profile
初始化触发
[root@server1 ~]# mysqld --initialize --user=mysql
启动服务
[root@server1 ~]# /etc/init.d/mysqld start
Starting MySQL.Logging to '/data/mysql/server1.err'.
SUCCESS!
[root@server1 ~]# netstat -antlp|grep :3306
tcp6 0 0 :::3306 :::* LISTEN 13856/mysqld
安全初始化
[root@server1 ~]# mysql_secure_installation
Securing the MySQL server deployment.
Enter password for user root: #输入上面生成的临时密码
The existing password for the user account root has expired. Please set a new password.
New password: #输入两遍新密码
Re-enter new password:
VALIDATE PASSWORD PLUGIN can be used to test passwords
and improve security. It checks the strength of password
and allows the users to set only those passwords which are
secure enough. Would you like to setup VALIDATE PASSWORD plugin?
Press y|Y for Yes, any other key for No: #是否激活密码插件，直接回车
Using existing password for root.
Change the password for root ? ((Press y|Y for Yes, any other key for No) :
#是否再次修改管理员密码，直接回车
... skipping.
By default, a MySQL installation has an anonymous user,
allowing anyone to log into MySQL without having to have
a user account created for them. This is intended only for
testing, and to make the installation go a bit smoother.
You should remove them before moving into a production
environment.
Remove anonymous users? (Press y|Y for Yes, any other key for No) : y
Success.
#是否删除匿名用户，输入 y
Normally, root should only be allowed to connect from
'localhost'. This ensures that someone cannot guess at
the root password from the network.
Disallow root login remotely? (Press y|Y for Yes, any other key for No) : y
Success.
#是否禁用root远程登录，输入 y
By default, MySQL comes with a database named 'test' that
anyone can access. This is also intended only for testing,
and should be removed before moving into a production
environment.
Remove test database and access to it? (Press y|Y for Yes, any other key for No) : y
- Dropping test database...
Success.
#是否删除test数据库，输入 y
- Removing privileges on test database...
Success.
Reloading the privilege tables will ensure that all changes
made so far will take effect immediately.
Reload privilege tables now? (Press y|Y for Yes, any other key for No) : y
Success.
#刷新授权表
All done!
登录数据库
[root@server1 ~]# mysql -p
Enter password:
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 5
Server version: 5.7.40 Source distribution
Copyright (c) 2000, 2022, Oracle and/or its affiliates.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql |
| performance_schema |
| sys |
+--------------------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec) 
###3.主从复制###
（1）master配置
修改配置文件，设定启用binlog和主库id号，重启服务。在数据目录下，会生成数据库的二进制操作日志和二进制日志的索引文件。
[root@server1 ~]# vim /etc/my.cnf
[mysqld]
datadir=/data/mysql
socket=/data/mysql/mysql.sock
# Disabling symbolic-links is recommended to prevent assorted security risks
symbolic-links=0
# Settings user and group are ignored when systemd is used.
# If you need to run mysqld under a different user or group,
# customize your systemd unit file for mariadb according to the
# instructions in http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Systemd
log-bin=mysql-bin##表示启用binlog,log-bin决定了msyql 的binlog的名字，⽣成的binlog名字为mysql-bin.000001
server_id=1 ##正整数，可以不是递增，但必须为正
#[mysqld_safe]
#log-error=/var/log/mariadb/mariadb.log
#pid-file=/var/run/mariadb/mariadb.pid
#
# include all files from the config directory
#
!includedir /etc/my.cnf.d
重启服务
[root@server1 ~]# /etc/init.d/mysqld restart
进入数据库，创建复制用户，并且进行授权。slave端可以通过该授权用户进入master端的数据库。
[root@server1 ~]# mysql -pwestos
mysql> CREATE USER 'repl'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY 'westos';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> GRANT REPLICATION SLAVE ON *.* TO 'repl'@'%';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> show master status;
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
| File | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB | Executed_Gtid_Set |
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
| mysql-bin.000001 | 595 | | | |
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
（2）slave配置
在server1主机master主库中将mysql的数据目录以及配置文件复制到server2主机，即slave从库。
新建数据库实例server2
[root@server1 ~]# scp -r /usr/local/mysql/ server2:/usr/local/
[root@server1 ~]# scp /etc/my.cnf server2:/etc/
修改配置文件
[root@server2 ~]# vim /etc/my.cnf
[mysqld]
datadir=/data/mysql
socket=/data/mysql/mysql.sock
# Disabling symbolic-links is recommended to prevent assorted security risks
symbolic-links=0
# Settings user and group are ignored when systemd is used.
# If you need to run mysqld under a different user or group,
# customize your systemd unit file for mariadb according to the
# instructions in http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Systemd
server-id=2
#[mysqld_safe]
#log-error=/var/log/mariadb/mariadb.log
#pid-file=/var/run/mariadb/mariadb.pid
#
# include all files from the config directory
#
!includedir /etc/my.cnf.d
修改环境变量，在从库中拷贝启动脚本，使mysql可全局使用，添加变量，创建用户，数据目录，初始化，然后开启服务，修改密码。
修改环境变量
[root@server2 ~]# vim .bash_profile
[root@server2 ~]# source .bash_profile
[root@server2 ~]# cd /usr/local/mysql
[root@server2 mysql]# cp support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld
[root@server2 mysql]# useradd -M -d /data/mysql/ -s /sbin/nologin mysql
[root@server2 mysql]# mkdir -p /data/mysql
[root@server2 mysql]# chown mysql.mysql /data/mysql/
用mysql用户初始化触发
[root@server2 mysql]# mysqld --initialize --user=mysql
启动服务
[root@server2 mysql]# /etc/init.d/mysqld start
安全初始化
[root@server2 mysql]# mysql_secure_installation
配置主从同步
登录
[root@server2 mysql]# mysql -pwestos
mysql> CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_HOST='192.168.76.11', MASTER_USER='repl', MASTER_PASSWORD='westos', MASTER_LOG_FILE='mysql-bin.000001', MASTER_LOG_POS=595;
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 2 warnings (0.01 sec)
###########参数#########################
MASTER_HOST='192.168.76.11' #访问的master端地址
MASTER_USER='repl', #访问的用户
MASTER_PASSWORD='westos', #输入密码
MASTER_LOG_FILE='mysql-bin.000001', #要从master中复制的文件
MASTER_LOG_POS=595; #文件Position号
########################################
开启slave
mysql> start slave;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
查看slave状态
mysql> show slave status\G;
*************************** 1. row ***************************
Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event
Master_Host: 192.168.56.11
Master_User: repl
Master_Port: 3306
Connect_Retry: 60
Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000001
Read_Master_Log_Pos: 595
Relay_Log_File: server2-relay-bin.000002
Relay_Log_Pos: 320
Relay_Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000001
Slave_IO_Running: Yes
Slave_SQL_Running: Yes ##两行yes即为成功
...
（3）测试server12数据同步
master创建测试数据库
[root@server1 ~]# mysql -pwestos
mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql |
| performance_schema |
| sys |
+--------------------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> create database westos;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> use westos；
mysql> create table user_tb (
-> username varchar(25) not null,
-> password varchar(50) not null);
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> desc user_tb;
+----------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+----------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| username | varchar(25) | NO | | NULL | |
| password | varchar(50) | NO | | NULL | |
+----------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
2 rows in set (0.01 sec)
mysql> insert into user_tb values ('user1','123');
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> insert into user_tb values ('user2','456');
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
slave server2：查看测试数据库是否同步
[root@server2 mysql]# mysql -pwestos
mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql |
| performance_schema |
| sys |
| westos |
+--------------------+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> use westos
Reading table information for completion of table and column names
You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A
Database changed
mysql> show tables;
+------------------+
| Tables_in_westos |
+------------------+
| user_tb |
+------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> select * from user_tb;
+----------+----------+
| username | password |
+----------+----------+
| user1 | 123 |
| user2 | 456 |
+----------+----------+
2 rows in set (0.01 sec)
（4）添加一台新的slave：server3
[root@server1 ~]# scp -r /usr/local/mysql/ server3:/usr/local/
[root@server1 ~]# scp /etc/my.cnf server3:/etc/
[root@server3 ~]# vim .bash_profile
[root@server3 ~]# source .bash_profile
[root@server3 ~]# mkdir -p /data/mysql
[root@server3 ~]# useradd -M -d /data/mysql/ -s /sbin/nologin mysql
[root@server3 ~]# chown mysql.mysql /data/mysql/
[root@server3 ~]# vim /etc/my.cnf
[mysqld]
datadir=/data/mysql
socket=/data/mysql/mysql.sock
# Disabling symbolic-links is recommended to prevent assorted security risks
symbolic-links=0
# Settings user and group are ignored when systemd is used.
# If you need to run mysqld under a different user or group,
# customize your systemd unit file for mariadb according to the
# instructions in http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Systemd
server-id=3
#[mysqld_safe]
#log-error=/var/log/mariadb/mariadb.log
#pid-file=/var/run/mariadb/mariadb.pid
#
# include all files from the config directory
#
!includedir /etc/my.cnf.d
[root@server3 ~]# mysqld --initialize --user=mysql
[root@server3 ~]# cd /usr/local/mysql/
[root@server3 mysql]# cp support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld
[root@server3 mysql]# /etc/init.d/mysqld start
[root@server3 mysql]# mysql_secure_installation
（5）配置slave3能同步master改变前后的所有数据
新建的slave只能同步从新建这一刻起master生成的新数据，之前的数据会丢失。需要先将master已有的数据备份，传输给新的slave，在建立新的主从复制。
master备份数据库
[root@server1 ~]# mysqldump -pwestos westos > dump.sql #mysqldump用来做备份
[root@server1 ~]# scp dump.sql server3:
salve server3还原数据库
[root@server3 ~]# mysqladmin -pwestos create westos #新建一个库
[root@server3 ~]# mysql -pwestos westos < dump.sql #将备份数据传给库
测试是否旧数据同步
[root@server3 ~]# mysql -pwestos
mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql |
| performance_schema |
| sys |
| westos |
+--------------------+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> use westos
Reading table information for completion of table and column names
You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A
Database changed
mysql> select * from user_tb;
+----------+----------+
| username | password |
+----------+----------+
| user1 | 123 |
| user2 | 456 |
+----------+----------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
设置主从同步
mysql> CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_HOST='192.168.56.11', MASTER_USER='repl', MASTER_PASSWORD='westos', MASTER_LOG_FILE='mysql-bin.000001', MASTER_LOG_POS=1534;
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 2 warnings (0.01 sec)
mysql> start slave;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> show slave status\G;
*************************** 1. row ***************************
Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event
Master_Host: 192.168.56.11
Master_User: repl
Master_Port: 3306
Connect_Retry: 60
Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000001
Read_Master_Log_Pos: 1534
Relay_Log_File: server3-relay-bin.000002
Relay_Log_Pos: 320
Relay_Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000001
Slave_IO_Running: Yes
Slave_SQL_Running: Yes
...
（6）测试server123数据同步
master server1创建测试文件
[root@server1 ~]# mysql -pwestos
mysql> insert into westos.user_tb values ('user3','666');
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
slave server23查看是否同步
[root@server2 mysql]# mysql -pwestos
mysql> select * from westos.user_tb;
+----------+----------+
| username | password |
+----------+----------+
| user1 | 123 |
| user2 | 456 |
| user3 | 666 |
+----------+----------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)
[root@server3 mysql]# mysql -pwestos
mysql> select * from westos.user_tb;
+----------+----------+
| username | password |
+----------+----------+
| user1 | 123 |
| user2 | 456 |
| user3 | 666 |
+----------+----------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)
###4.主-从（主）-从复制+GTID###
（1）master设置
在server1主机master端mysql配置文件中开启gtid，并重启服务。
master配置：
[root@server1 mysql]# vim /etc/my.cnf
...
log-bin=mysql-bin
server-id=1
gtid_mode=ON
enforce-gtid-consistency=ON
重启服务
[root@server1 mysql]# /etc/init.d/mysqld restart
（2）slave设置
在server2主机slave端mysql配置文件中开启gtid，并重启服务。停止slave端，设定以repl用户自动获取master端的事务。开启slave，查看状态，可以看到，IO线程和SQL线程为running状态。 其它slave节点以此类推
slave配置：
[root@server2 ~]# vim /etc/my.cnf
...
server-id=2
gtid_mode=ON
enforce-gtid-consistency=ON
重启服务
[root@server2 ~]# /etc/init.d/mysqld restart
[root@server2 ~]# mysql -pwestos
#首先停止slave
mysql> stop slave;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
#重新配置
mysql> CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_HOST='192.168.56.11', MASTER_USER='repl', MASTER_PASSWORD='westos', MASTER_AUTO_POSITION = 1;
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 2 warnings (0.00 sec)
#再次启动
mysql> start slave;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> show slave status\G;
*************************** 1. row ***************************
Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event
Master_Host: 192.168.56.11
Master_User: repl
Master_Port: 3306
Connect_Retry: 60
Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000002
Read_Master_Log_Pos: 154
Relay_Log_File: server2-relay-bin.000002
Relay_Log_Pos: 367
Relay_Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000002
Slave_IO_Running: Yes
Slave_SQL_Running: Yes
（3）测试
在master端插入新内容，slave端的mysql表中的gtid_executed里会生成gtid的标识号。
###5.半同步复制###
（1）master配置
#安装半同步模块
mysql> INSTALL PLUGIN rpl_semi_sync_master SONAME 'semisync_master.so';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
#查看节点上是否已经安装了模块
mysql> SELECT PLUGIN_NAME, PLUGIN_STATUS
-> FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.PLUGINS
-> WHERE PLUGIN_NAME LIKE '%semi%';
+----------------------+---------------+
| PLUGIN_NAME | PLUGIN_STATUS |
+----------------------+---------------+
| rpl_semi_sync_master | ACTIVE |
+----------------------+---------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
#激活master半同步模式
mysql> SET GLOBAL rpl_semi_sync_master_enabled = 1;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
#查看半同步参数
mysql> SHOW VARIABLES LIKE 'rpl_semi_sync%';
+-------------------------------------------+------------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+-------------------------------------------+------------+
| rpl_semi_sync_master_enabled | ON |
| rpl_semi_sync_master_timeout | 10000 |
| rpl_semi_sync_master_trace_level | 32 |
| rpl_semi_sync_master_wait_for_slave_count | 1 |
| rpl_semi_sync_master_wait_no_slave | ON |
| rpl_semi_sync_master_wait_point | AFTER_SYNC |
+-------------------------------------------+------------+
6 rows in set (0.00 sec)
#查看半同步状态
mysql> SHOW STATUS LIKE 'Rpl_semi_sync%';
+--------------------------------------------+-------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+--------------------------------------------+-------+
| Rpl_semi_sync_master_clients | 2 |
| Rpl_semi_sync_master_net_avg_wait_time | 0 |
| Rpl_semi_sync_master_net_wait_time | 0 |
| Rpl_semi_sync_master_net_waits | 0 |
| Rpl_semi_sync_master_no_times | 0 |
| Rpl_semi_sync_master_no_tx | 0 |
| Rpl_semi_sync_master_status | ON |
| Rpl_semi_sync_master_timefunc_failures | 0 |
| Rpl_semi_sync_master_tx_avg_wait_time | 0 |
| Rpl_semi_sync_master_tx_wait_time | 0 |
| Rpl_semi_sync_master_tx_waits | 0 |
| Rpl_semi_sync_master_wait_pos_backtraverse | 0 |
| Rpl_semi_sync_master_wait_sessions | 0 |
| Rpl_semi_sync_master_yes_tx | 0 |
+--------------------------------------------+-------+
14 rows in set (0.00 sec)
半同步参数写入配置文件，确保重启后依然生效
[root@server1 mysql]# vim /etc/my.cnf
...
log-bin=mysql-bin
server-id=1
gtid_mode=ON
enforce-gtid-consistency=ON
rpl_semi_sync_master_enabled=1
（2）slave配置
#安装半同步模块
mysql> INSTALL PLUGIN rpl_semi_sync_slave SONAME 'semisync_slave.so';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
#激活半同步模式
mysql> SET GLOBAL rpl_semi_sync_slave_enabled =1;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
#需要重启IO线程，slave端的半同步才能生效
mysql> STOP SLAVE IO_THREAD;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> START SLAVE IO_THREAD;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> SHOW VARIABLES LIKE 'rpl_semi_sync%';
+---------------------------------+-------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+---------------------------------+-------+
| rpl_semi_sync_slave_enabled | ON |
| rpl_semi_sync_slave_trace_level | 32 |
+---------------------------------+-------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> SHOW STATUS LIKE 'Rpl_semi_sync%';
+----------------------------+-------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+----------------------------+-------+
| Rpl_semi_sync_slave_status | ON |
+----------------------------+-------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
#半同步参数写入配置文件
[root@server2 ~]# vim /etc/my.cnf
server-id=2
gtid_mode=ON
enforce-gtid-consistency=ON
rpl_semi_sync_slave_enabled=1
（3）测试
master写入数据：
mysql> insert into westos.user_tb values ('user6','666');
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)
mysql> SHOW STATUS LIKE 'Rpl_semi_sync%';
+--------------------------------------------+-------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+--------------------------------------------+-------+
| Rpl_semi_sync_master_clients | 2 |
| Rpl_semi_sync_master_net_avg_wait_time | 0 |
| Rpl_semi_sync_master_net_wait_time | 0 |
| Rpl_semi_sync_master_net_waits | 2 |
| Rpl_semi_sync_master_no_times | 0 |
| Rpl_semi_sync_master_no_tx | 0 |
| Rpl_semi_sync_master_status | ON |
| Rpl_semi_sync_master_timefunc_failures | 0 |
| Rpl_semi_sync_master_tx_avg_wait_time | 2096 |
| Rpl_semi_sync_master_tx_wait_time | 2096 |
| Rpl_semi_sync_master_tx_waits | 1 |
| Rpl_semi_sync_master_wait_pos_backtraverse | 0 |
| Rpl_semi_sync_master_wait_sessions | 0 |
| Rpl_semi_sync_master_yes_tx | 1 | #显示通过半同步复制的数据
+--------------------------------------------+-------+
14 rows in set (0.00 sec)
停止所有slave节点的IO线程：(不会再有任何slave线程回应master)
mysql> STOP SLAVE IO_THREAD;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
master节点再次写入数据：
mysql> insert into westos.user_tb values ('user7','666');
Query OK, 1 row affected (10.00 sec)
#等待默认超时时间10秒后，mysql自动切换为异步模式
mysql> SHOW STATUS LIKE 'Rpl_semi_sync%';
+--------------------------------------------+-------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+--------------------------------------------+-------+
| Rpl_semi_sync_master_clients | 2 |
| Rpl_semi_sync_master_net_avg_wait_time | 0 |
| Rpl_semi_sync_master_net_wait_time | 0 |
| Rpl_semi_sync_master_net_waits | 4 |
| Rpl_semi_sync_master_no_times | 1 |
| Rpl_semi_sync_master_no_tx | 1 | #显示未通过半同步模式复制的数据，即异步模式数据
| Rpl_semi_sync_master_status | OFF | #半同步模式关闭
| Rpl_semi_sync_master_timefunc_failures | 0 |
| Rpl_semi_sync_master_tx_avg_wait_time | 2096 |
| Rpl_semi_sync_master_tx_wait_time | 2096 |
| Rpl_semi_sync_master_tx_waits | 1 |
| Rpl_semi_sync_master_wait_pos_backtraverse | 0 |
| Rpl_semi_sync_master_wait_sessions | 0 |
| Rpl_semi_sync_master_yes_tx | 1 |
+--------------------------------------------+-------+
14 rows in set (0.01 sec)
所有slave节点再次启动IO线程，mysql会自动切回半同步模式
mysql> START SLAVE IO_THREAD;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
###6.并行复制（MTS）###
（1）master配置
在master主机中修改配置文件，设定在mysql中创建表，数据会存在数据库中，打开半同步复制。
vim /etc/my.cnf
///
log-bin=mysql-bin
server-id=1
gtid_mode=ON
enforce-gtid-consistency=ON
rpl_semi_sync_master_enabled=1 ##控制打开半同步复制
master_info_repository=TABLE ##在mysql中创建表，数据会存在数据库中
///
（2）slave配置
server2主机
默认slave节点sql单线程回放，会造成数据同步延时较高
slave节点添加以下参数
[root@server2 ~]# vim /etc/my.cnf
...
slave-parallel-type=LOGICAL_CLOCK ##基于组提交的并行复制方式
slave-parallel-workers=16 ##可有16个SQL Thread(coordinator线程)来进行并行复制，不建议设置为1，单线程复制，但是因为要做coordinator协调线程的转发，性能比0还差，效率会更低
master_info_repository=TABLE ##有两个值，分别是file和table，该参数决定了slave记录master的状态，如果参数是file，就会创建master.info文件，磁盘频繁读取文件，会降低执行效率，如果参数值是table，就在mysql中创建slave_master_info的表，数据会存在数据库中，避免影响内存。
relay_log_info_repository=TABLE ##明文存储不安全,把relay.info中的信息记录在table中相对安全
relay_log_recovery=ON ##从库意外宕机后，同时从库的relay log也一起损坏了，而主库的日志已经传到了从库，只是从库还没有来得及应用这些日志时，从库会自动放弃所有未执行的relay log，重新生成一个relay log，并将从库的io线程的position重新指向新的relay log。并将sql线程的position退回到跟io线程的position保持一致，重新开始同步，这样在从库中事务不会丢失。
重启服务
[root@server2 ~]# /etc/init.d/mysqld restart
Shutting down MySQL.. SUCCESS!
Starting MySQL. SUCCESS!
（3）测试
进入数据库，查看设定是否生效
[root@server2 ~]# mysql -pwestos
> show variables like 'relay_log%'; ##查看上面的设定是否成功
> use mysql
> show tables; ##slave_master_info
> select * from slave_relay_log_info;
> show processlist;
###7.延迟复制###
（1）slave端设置
在server2进入数据库，查看从库状态，当前主从延迟为0，停止从库服务。设定主从复制延迟为60s，重新开启从库服务。查看状态，设定成功。
###server2
mysql -p
> show slave status\G; ##sql_delay=0
> STOP SLAVE SQL_THREAD; ##停止服务
> CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_DELAY=60; ##设定延迟60s复制
> START SLAVE SQL_THREAD;
> show slave status\G; ##sql_delay=30
（2）测试
此时在server1插入数据。
###server1
mysql -pwestos
> use westos;
> insert into linux values ('user9','999');
在server2查看，seconds_behind_master会从60递减到0，60s后，数据会被同步。
###server2
> show slave status\G; ##seconds_behind_master:30 ～ 0
> select * from westos.linux; ##重复执行，直到30s后才会出现user10
> show slave status\G; ##seconds_behind_master:0
###8.慢查询###
在server1主机中，当前慢查询为关闭状态。设定开启慢查询，慢查询记录会存放在数据目录server1-slow.log文件中。慢查询默认值为10s，设定为5s，执行select sleep(N)语句。
###server1
> show variables like 'slow%'; ##slow_query_log为OFF
> set global slow_query_log=1; ##开启慢查询日志
> show variables like 'slow%'; ##slow_query_log为ON，慢查询记录会存放在数据目录server1-slow.log文件中
> show variables like 'long%'; ##默认10s
> set long_query_time=5;
> show variables like 'long%'; ##5s
> select sleep(10); ##执行select sleep(N)可以让此语句运行N秒钟
> exit
进入mysql数据目录，查看慢查询日志。
cd /data/mysql
ls
cat server1-slow.log
///
query_time:10.000515
select sleep(10);
###9.mysql组复制（多主模式）###
（1）server1配置
首先停止数据库
[root@server1 mysql]# /etc/init.d/mysqld stop
Shutting down MySQL............ SUCCESS!
清除数据
[root@server1 ~]# cd /data/mysql
[root@server1 mysql]# rm -fr *
[root@server1 mysql]# vim /etc/my.cnf
...
disabled_storage_engines="MyISAM,BLACKHOLE,FEDERATED,ARCHIVE,MEMORY" ##不需要的引擎
server_id=1
gtid_mode=ON ##开启gitd复制
enforce_gtid_consistency=ON
master_info_repository=TABLE
relay_log_info_repository=TABLE
binlog_checksum=NONE ##不支持binlog校验
log_slave_updates=ON
log_bin=binlog
binlog_format=ROW ##默认日志格式
plugin_load_add='group_replication.so' ##加载组复制插件
transaction_write_set_extraction=XXHASH64
group_replication_group_name="aaaaaaaa-aaaa-aaaa-aaaa-aaaaaaaaaaaa" ##UUID号，集群中要一致
group_replication_start_on_boot=off ##不需开机自启
group_replication_local_address= "server1:33061"
group_replication_group_seeds= "server1:33061,server2:33061,server3:33061" ##解析
group_replication_bootstrap_group=off ##默认关闭, 防止自动创建新的Group
group_replication_ip_whitelist="192.168.76.0/24,127.0.0.1/8" ##安全白名单，默认只允许localhost，加入虚拟机网段
group_replication_single_primary_mode=OFF ##单主模式
group_replication_enforce_update_everywhere_checks=ON ##复制
group_replication_allow_local_disjoint_gtids_join=1
#根据实际情况修改主机名和网段
初始化
[root@server1 mysql]# mysqld --initialize --user=mysql
启动服务
[root@server1 mysql]# /etc/init.d/mysqld start
[root@server1 mysql]# mysql -p
#首先修改临时密码
mysql> alter user root@localhost identified by 'westos';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
mysql> SET SQL_LOG_BIN=0; ##设为0后，在Master数据库上执行的语句都不记录binlog(想在主库上执行一些操作，但不复制到slave库上，可以通过修改参数sql_log_bin来实现)
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> CREATE USER rpl_user@'%' IDENTIFIED BY 'westos'; ##创建用于组复制的用户，当前语句不纪录binlog
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> GRANT REPLICATION SLAVE ON *.* TO rpl_user@'%'; ##授权
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> FLUSH PRIVILEGES; ##刷新权限表
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> SET SQL_LOG_BIN=1; 打开binlog记录，以下内容需要记录
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_USER='rpl_user', MASTER_PASSWORD='westos' FOR CHANNEL 'group_replication_recovery'; ##change master to配置和改变slave服务器用于连接master服务器的参数，以便slave服务器读取master服务器的binlog及slave服务器的relay log。同时也更新master info及relay log info信息库。执行该语句前如果从机上slave io及sql线程已经启动，需要先停止(执行stop slave)
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 2 warnings (0.00 sec)
mysql> SET GLOBAL group_replication_bootstrap_group=ON; #只在server1上执行，标示以后加入集群的服务器以这台服务器为基准,以后加入的就不需要设置
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> START GROUP_REPLICATION; ##开启组复制
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (2.19 sec)
mysql> SET GLOBAL group_replication_bootstrap_group=OFF; #只在server1上执行
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> SELECT * FROM performance_schema.replication_group_members; ##查看组复制成员
+---------------------------+--------------------------------------+-------------+-------------+--------------+
| CHANNEL_NAME | MEMBER_ID | MEMBER_HOST | MEMBER_PORT | MEMBER_STATE |
+---------------------------+--------------------------------------+-------------+-------------+--------------+
| group_replication_applier | 21262bc0-b4e3-11ed-a6a0-000c298f4b2a | server1 | 3306 | ONLINE |
+---------------------------+--------------------------------------+-------------+-------------+--------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
（2）server2配置
首先停止数据库
[root@server2 ~]# /etc/init.d/mysqld stop
Shutting down MySQL............ SUCCESS!
清除数据
[root@server2 ~]# cd /data/mysql
[root@server2 mysql]# rm -fr *
[root@server2 mysql]# vim /etc/my.cnf
...
disabled_storage_engines="MyISAM,BLACKHOLE,FEDERATED,ARCHIVE,MEMORY"
server_id=2
gtid_mode=ON
enforce_gtid_consistency=ON
master_info_repository=TABLE
relay_log_info_repository=TABLE
binlog_checksum=NONE
log_slave_updates=ON
log_bin=binlog
binlog_format=ROW
plugin_load_add='group_replication.so'
transaction_write_set_extraction=XXHASH64
group_replication_group_name="aaaaaaaa-aaaa-aaaa-aaaa-aaaaaaaaaaaa"
group_replication_start_on_boot=off
group_replication_local_address= "server2:33061"
group_replication_group_seeds= "server1:33061,server2:33061,server3:33061"
group_replication_bootstrap_group=off
group_replication_ip_whitelist="192.168.76.0/24,127.0.0.1/8"
group_replication_single_primary_mode=OFF
group_replication_enforce_update_everywhere_checks=ON
group_replication_allow_local_disjoint_gtids_join=1
#根据实际情况修改主机名和网段
初始化
[root@server2 mysql]# mysqld --initialize --user=mysql
启动服务
[root@server2 mysql]# /etc/init.d/mysqld start
[root@server2 mysql]# mysql -p
#首先修改临时密码
mysql> alter user root@localhost identified by 'westos';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
mysql> SET SQL_LOG_BIN=0;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> CREATE USER rpl_user@'%' IDENTIFIED BY 'westos';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> GRANT REPLICATION SLAVE ON *.* TO rpl_user@'%';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> SET SQL_LOG_BIN=1;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_USER='rpl_user', MASTER_PASSWORD='westos' FOR CHANNEL 'group_replication_recovery';
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 2 warnings (0.00 sec)
mysql> START GROUP_REPLICATION;
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (2.19 sec)
mysql> SELECT * FROM performance_schema.replication_group_members;
+---------------------------+--------------------------------------+-------------+-------------+--------------+
| CHANNEL_NAME | MEMBER_ID | MEMBER_HOST | MEMBER_PORT | MEMBER_STATE |
+---------------------------+--------------------------------------+-------------+-------------+--------------+
| group_replication_applier | 21262bc0-b4e3-11ed-a6a0-000c298f4b2a | server1 | 3306 | ONLINE |
| group_replication_applier | e8be5058-b4e3-11ed-8788-000c29f15153 | server2 | 3306 | ONLINE |
+---------------------------+--------------------------------------+-------------+-------------+--------------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
（3）server3配置
首先停止数据库
[root@server3 ~]# /etc/init.d/mysqld stop
Shutting down MySQL............ SUCCESS!
清楚数据
[root@server3 ~]# cd /data/mysql
[root@server3 mysql]# rm -fr *
[root@server3 mysql]# vim /etc/my.cnf
...
disabled_storage_engines="MyISAM,BLACKHOLE,FEDERATED,ARCHIVE,MEMORY"
server_id=3
gtid_mode=ON
enforce_gtid_consistency=ON
master_info_repository=TABLE
relay_log_info_repository=TABLE
binlog_checksum=NONE
log_slave_updates=ON
log_bin=binlog
binlog_format=ROW
plugin_load_add='group_replication.so'
transaction_write_set_extraction=XXHASH64
group_replication_group_name="aaaaaaaa-aaaa-aaaa-aaaa-aaaaaaaaaaaa"
group_replication_start_on_boot=off
group_replication_local_address= "server3:33061"
group_replication_group_seeds= "server1:33061,server2:33061,server3:33061"
group_replication_bootstrap_group=off
group_replication_ip_whitelist="192.168.76.0/24,127.0.0.1/8"
group_replication_single_primary_mode=OFF
group_replication_enforce_update_everywhere_checks=ON
group_replication_allow_local_disjoint_gtids_join=1
#根据实际情况修改主机名和网段
初始化
[root@server3 mysql]# mysqld --initialize --user=mysql
启动服务
[root@server3 mysql]# /etc/init.d/mysqld start
[root@server3 mysql]# mysql -p
#首先修改临时密码
mysql> alter user root@localhost identified by 'westos';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
mysql> SET SQL_LOG_BIN=0;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> CREATE USER rpl_user@'%' IDENTIFIED BY 'westos';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> GRANT REPLICATION SLAVE ON *.* TO rpl_user@'%';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> SET SQL_LOG_BIN=1;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_USER='rpl_user', MASTER_PASSWORD='westos' FOR CHANNEL 'group_replication_recovery';
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 2 warnings (0.00 sec)
mysql> START GROUP_REPLICATION;
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (2.19 sec)
mysql> SELECT * FROM performance_schema.replication_group_members;
+---------------------------+--------------------------------------+-------------+-------------+--------------+
| CHANNEL_NAME | MEMBER_ID | MEMBER_HOST | MEMBER_PORT | MEMBER_STATE |
+---------------------------+--------------------------------------+-------------+-------------+--------------+
| group_replication_applier | 21262bc0-b4e3-11ed-a6a0-000c298f4b2a | server1 | 3306 | ONLINE |
| group_replication_applier | 4c655909-b4e4-11ed-8dcc-000c29259218 | server3 | 3306 | ONLINE |
| group_replication_applier | e8be5058-b4e3-11ed-8788-000c29f15153 | server2 | 3306 | ONLINE |
+---------------------------+--------------------------------------+-------------+-------------+--------------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)
（4）测试
所有节点都可以读写数据
server1：
mysql> CREATE DATABASE test;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> USE test;
Database changed
mysql> CREATE TABLE t1 (c1 INT PRIMARY KEY, c2 TEXT NOT NULL); ##组复制要求创建表中必须有主键
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
mysql> INSERT INTO t1 VALUES (1, 'Luis');
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.03 sec)
mysql> SELECT * FROM t1;
+----+------+
| c1 | c2 |
+----+------+
| 1 | Luis |
+----+------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
server2：
mysql> select * from test.t1;
+----+------+
| c1 | c2 |
+----+------+
| 1 | Luis |
+----+------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> INSERT INTO test.t1 VALUES (2, 'wxh');
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
server3：
mysql> select * from test.t1;
+----+------+
| c1 | c2 |
+----+------+
| 1 | Luis |
| 2 | wxh |
+----+------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> INSERT INTO test.t1 VALUES (3, 'westos');
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)
###10.mysql路由器（读写分离）###
（1）路由器server4配置
安装mysql读写分离组件。编辑配置文件，设定只读端口和读写端口，并开启服务。
安装软件
[root@server4 ~]# rpm -ivh mysql-router-community-8.0.21-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
配置服务
[root@server4 ~]# cd /etc/mysqlrouter/
[root@server4 mysqlrouter]# vim mysqlrouter.conf
...
[routing:ro]
bind_address = 0.0.0.0
bind_port = 7001
destinations = 192.168.56.11:3306,192.168.56.12:3306,192.168.56.13:3306
routing_strategy = round-robin
[routing:rw]
bind_address = 0.0.0.0
bind_port = 7002
destinations = 192.168.56.13:3306,192.168.56.12:3306,192.168.56.11:3306
routing_strategy = first-available
启动服务
[root@server4 mysqlrouter]# systemctl enable --now mysqlrouter.service
安装mysql客户端工具
[root@server4 ~]# yum install -y mariadb
在mysql集群中创建远程测试用户
mysql> grant all on test.* to 'wxh'@'%' identified by 'westos';
（2）测试
路由器连接远程测试用户，访问7001端口，按照配置文件的设置，第一个连接的应该是server1.
连接mysql路由器
[root@server4 ~]# mysql -h 192.168.56.14 -P 7001 -u wxh -pwestos
MySQL [(none)]> select * from test.t1;
+----+--------+
| c1 | c2 |
+----+--------+
| 1 | Luis |
| 2 | wxh |
| 3 | westos |
+----+--------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)
在server1上查看网络连接
[root@server1 mysql]# yum install -y lsof
[root@server1 mysql]# lsof -i :3306
COMMAND PID USER FD TYPE DEVICE SIZE/OFF NODE NAME
mysqld 15184 mysql 22u IPv6 87530 0t0 TCP *:mysql (LISTEN)
mysqld 15184 mysql 83u IPv6 93365 0t0 TCP server1:mysql->server4:55504 (ESTABLISHED)
路由器连接远程测试用户，访问7002端口，按照配置文件的设置，第一个连接的应该是server3.
[root@server4 ~]# mysql -h 192.168.56.14 -P 7002 -u wxh -pwestos
[root@server3 mysql]# lsof -i :3306
COMMAND PID USER FD TYPE DEVICE SIZE/OFF NODE NAME
mysqld 30811 mysql 22u IPv6 73360 0t0 TCP *:mysql (LISTEN)
mysqld 30811 mysql 81u IPv6 78061 0t0 TCP server3:mysql->server4:38594 (ESTABLISHED)
###11.mysql MHA高可用###
（1）创建一主两从集群
①master配置
master配置：
清理数据
[root@server1 ~]# cd /data/mysql
[root@server1 mysql]# rm -fr *
修改配置
[root@server1 mysql]# vim /etc/my.cnf
server_id=1
gtid_mode=ON
enforce_gtid_consistency=ON
log_slave_updates=ON
log_bin=binlog
初始化
[root@server1 mysql]# mysqld --initialize --user=mysql
启动服务
[root@server1 mysql]# /etc/init.d/mysqld start
配置master
[root@server1 mysql]# mysql -p
mysql> alter user root@localhost identified by 'westos';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
mysql> grant replication slave on *.* to repl@'%' identified by 'westos';
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.01 sec)
②slave配置
slave配置：
[root@server2 ~]# cd /data/mysql/
[root@server2 mysql]# rm -fr *
[root@server2 mysql]# vim /etc/my.cnf
server_id=2
gtid_mode=ON
enforce_gtid_consistency=ON
log_slave_updates=ON
log_bin=binlog
[root@server2 mysql]# mysqld --initialize --user=mysql
[root@server2 mysql]# /etc/init.d/mysqld start
[root@server2 mysql]# mysql -p
mysql> alter user root@localhost identified by 'westos';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
mysql> change master to master_host='192.168.56.11', master_user='repl', master_password='westos', master_auto_position=1;
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 2 warnings (0.02 sec)
mysql> start slave;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> show slave status\G;
*************************** 1. row ***************************
Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event
Master_Host: 192.168.56.11
Master_User: repl
Master_Port: 3306
Connect_Retry: 60
Master_Log_File: binlog.000002
Read_Master_Log_Pos: 681
Relay_Log_File: server2-relay-bin.000002
Relay_Log_Pos: 888
Relay_Master_Log_File: binlog.000002
Slave_IO_Running: Yes
Slave_SQL_Running: Yes
server3节点的配置以此类推
③测试
master端新建内容，slave端同步
master：
mysql> create database westos;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> use westos
Database changed
mysql> create table user_tb (
-> username varchar(25) not null,
-> password varchar(50) not null);
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
mysql> insert into user_tb values ('user1','111');
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.03 sec)
mysql> insert into user_tb values ('user2','222');
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
slave:
mysql> select * from westos.user_tb;
+----------+----------+
| username | password |
+----------+----------+
| user1 | 111 |
| user2 | 222 |
+----------+----------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec) 
（2）MHA环境部署
①四台主机安装软件
在server4主机，关闭mysqlrouter服务。安装MHA高可用的masterrpm包及其依赖性。并将MHAnode节点rpm包复制至其他三台主机。在其他三台主机上安装rpm包。
server4上安装管理端软件
[root@server4 ~]# cd MHA-7/
[root@server4 MHA-7]# yum install -y *.rpm
管理端配置ssh免密
[root@server4 MHA-7]# ssh-keygen
[root@server4 MHA-7]# ssh-copy-id server4
把密钥复制到各节点
[root@server4 ~]# scp -r .ssh/ server1:
[root@server4 ~]# scp -r .ssh/ server2:
[root@server4 ~]# scp -r .ssh/ server3:
复制客户端软件
[root@server4 MHA-7]# scp mha4mysql-node-0.58-0.el7.centos.noarch.rpm server1:
[root@server4 MHA-7]# scp mha4mysql-node-0.58-0.el7.centos.noarch.rpm server2:
[root@server4 MHA-7]# scp mha4mysql-node-0.58-0.el7.centos.noarch.rpm server3:
server1、server2、server3上安装客户端软件
[root@server1 ~]# yum install -y mha4mysql-node-0.58-0.el7.centos.noarch.rpm
②MHA环境配置
在server4主机建立高可用目录，编辑配置文件。
MHA配置
[root@server4 ~]# mkdir /etc/masterha ##建立高可用目录
[root@server4 ~]# vim /etc/masterha/app1.cnf
[server default]
user=root #mysql管理员
password=westos #mysql管理员密码
ssh_user=root #ssh免密用户
repl_user=repl #mysql主从复制用户
repl_password=westos
master_binlog_dir=/data/mysql #mysql数据库目录
remote_workdir=/tmp #远端mysql在发生切换时binlog的保存位置
secondary_check_script= masterha_secondary_check -s 192.168.76.12 -s 192.168.76.13
ping_interval=3 #发送ping包的时间间隔，默认是3秒，尝试三次没有回应的时候自动进行failover
# master_ip_failover_script= /script/masterha/master_ip_failover
# shutdown_script= /script/masterha/power_manager
# report_script= /script/masterha/send_report
# master_ip_online_change_script= /script/masterha/master_ip_online_change
manager_workdir=/etc/masterha
manager_log=/etc/masterha/manager.log
[server1]
hostname=192.168.76.11
candidate_master=1
check_repl_delay=0
[server2]
hostname=192.168.76.12
candidate_master=1 #指定failover时此slave会接管master，即使数据不是最新的。
check_repl_delay=0
[server3]
hostname=192.168.76.13
no_master=1 #始终不作为master
在server1主机进入数据库，设置mysql管理员权限，slave节点会自动同步
在server1master上设置mysql管理员权限，slave节点会自动同步
mysql> grant all on *.* to root@'%' identified by 'westos';
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)
③测试
检测各节点ssh免密连接
[root@server4 ~]# masterha_check_ssh --conf=/etc/masterha/app1.cnf
检测主从复制集群状态
[root@server4 ~]# masterha_check_repl --conf=/etc/masterha/app1.cnf
（3）故障切换
①手动切换
master正常
手动切换（master正常）
[root@server4 ~]# masterha_master_switch --conf=/etc/masterha/app1.cnf --master_state=alive --new_master_host=192.168.56.12 --new_master_port=3306 --orig_master_is_new_slave --running_updates_limit=10000
master故障
手动切换（master故障）
手动停止master节点上的msql服务
[root@server2 ~]# /etc/init.d/mysqld stop
[root@server4 masterha]# masterha_master_switch --master_state=dead --conf=/etc/masterha/app1.cnf --dead_master_host=192.168.56.12 --dead_master_port=3306 --new_master_host=192.168.56.11 --new_master_port=3306 --ignore_last_failover
故障节点需要手动修复，重新加入主从集群
[root@server2 ~]# /etc/init.d/mysqld start
[root@server2 ~]# mysql -pwestos
mysql> change master to master_host='192.168.56.11', master_user='repl', master_password='westos', master_auto_position=1;
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 2 warnings (0.02 sec)
mysql> start slave;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) 
②自动切换
自动切换
故障切换后会生成lock文件，需要手动删除
[root@server4 masterha]# rm -f app1.failover.complete
启动manger程序，并打入后台运行，完成切换任务后进程会自动退出
[root@server4 masterha]# masterha_manager --conf=/etc/masterha/app1.cnf &
在进行自动切换之前，必须保证主从集群正常，一主两从
加入故障切换脚本，需要有可执行权限
[root@server4 ~]# mv master_ip_failover master_ip_online_change /usr/local/bin/
[root@server4 ~]# chmod +x /usr/local/bin/master_ip_*
[root@server4 ~]# ll /usr/local/bin/
total 8
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 2158 Feb 26 11:20 master_ip_failover
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 3815 Feb 26 11:21 master_ip_online_change
修改故障切换脚本中的vip
[root@server4 ~]# vim /usr/local/bin/master_ip_failover
[root@server4 ~]# vim /usr/local/bin/master_ip_online_change
...
my $vip = '192.168.76.100/24';
...
修改配置文件加上故障切换脚本的访问路径
[root@server4 ~]# vim /etc/masterha/app1.cnf
[server default]
user=root
password=westos
ssh_user=root
repl_user=repl
repl_password=westos
master_binlog_dir=/data/mysql
remote_workdir=/tmp
secondary_check_script= masterha_secondary_check -s 192.168.56.12 -s 192.168.56.13
ping_interval=3
master_ip_failover_script= /usr/local/bin/master_ip_failover
# shutdown_script= /script/masterha/power_manager
# report_script= /script/masterha/send_report
master_ip_online_change_script= /usr/local/bin/master_ip_online_change
manager_workdir=/etc/masterha
manager_log=/etc/masterha/manager.log
[server1]
hostname=192.168.56.11
candidate_master=1
check_repl_delay=0
[server2]
hostname=192.168.56.12
candidate_master=1
check_repl_delay=0
[server3]
hostname=192.168.56.13
no_master=1
测试
给master端添加一个vip，然后停掉master服务
[root@server1 ~]# ip a a 192.168.76.100/24 dev eth0
[root@server1 ~]# /etc/init.d/mysqld stop
Shutting down MySQL............ SUCCESS!
server4的日志里显示server1master挂掉，server2变为master
[root@server4 masterha]# ls
app1.cnf app1.failover.complete manager.log
[root@server4 masterha]# cat manager.log
...
From:
192.168.76.11(192.168.76.11:3306) (current master)
+--192.168.76.12(192.168.76.12:3306)
+--192.168.76.13(192.168.76.13:3306)
To:
192.168.76.12(192.168.76.12:3306) (new master)
+--192.168.76.13(192.168.76.13:3306)
...
VIP被加到新的master上
[root@server2 ~]# ip a
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000
link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet6 ::1/128 scope host
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP group default qlen 1000
link/ether 00:0c:29:61:99:04 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 192.168.76.12/24 brd 192.168.76.255 scope global eth0
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet 192.168.76.100/24 scope global secondary eth0
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fe61:9904/64 scope link
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
