1.栈
栈(stack)又名堆栈,它是一种运算受限的线性表。限定仅在表尾进行插入和删除操作的线性表。这一端被称为栈顶,相对地,把另一端称为栈底。向一个栈插入新元素又称作进栈、入栈或压栈,它是把新元素放到栈顶元素的上面,使之成为新的栈顶元素;从一个栈删除元素又称作出栈或退栈,它是把栈顶元素删除掉,使其相邻的元素成为新的栈顶元素。
2.入栈
①若TOP≥n时,则给出溢出信息,作出错处理(进栈前首先检查栈是否已满,满则溢出;不满则作②);
②置TOP=TOP+1(栈指针加1,指向进栈地址);
③S(TOP)=X,结束(X为新进栈的元素);
3.出栈
①若TOP≤0,则给出下溢信息,作出错处理(退栈前先检查是否已为空栈, 空则下溢;不空则进行②
②X=S(TOP),(退栈后的元素赋给X):
③TOP=TOP-1,结束(栈指针减1,指向栈顶)。
4.代码
package demo;
/**
* Char stack. I do not use Stack because it is already defined in Java.
*
* @author Fan Min minfanphd@163.com.
*/
public class CharStack {
/**
* The depth.
*/
public static final int MAX_DEPTH = 10;
/**
* The actual depth.
*/
int depth;
/**
* The data
*/
char[] data;
/**
*********************
* Construct an empty char stack.
*********************
*/
public CharStack() {
depth = 0;
data = new char[MAX_DEPTH];
}// Of the first constructor
/**
*********************
* Overrides the method claimed in Object, the superclass of any class.
*********************
*/
public String toString() {
String resultString = "";
for (int i = 0; i < depth; i++) {
resultString += data[i];
} // Of for i
return resultString;
}// Of toString
/**
*********************
* Push an element.
*
* @param paraChar The given char.
* @return Success or not.
*********************
*/
public boolean push(char paraChar) {
if (depth == MAX_DEPTH) {
System.out.println("Stack full.");
return false;
} // Of if
data[depth] = paraChar;
depth++;
return true;
}// Of push
/**
*********************
* Pop an element.
*
* @return The popped char.
*********************
*/
public char pop() {
if (depth == 0) {
System.out.println("Nothing to pop.");
return '\0';
} // Of if
char resultChar = data[depth - 1];
depth--;
return resultChar;
}// Of pop
/**
*********************
* The entrance of the program.
*
* @param args Not used now.
*********************
*/
public static void main(String args[]) {
CharStack tempStack = new CharStack();
for (char ch = 'a'; ch < 'm'; ch++) {
tempStack.push(ch);
System.out.println("The current stack is: " + tempStack);
} // Of for ch
char tempChar;
for (int i = 0; i < 11; i++) {
tempChar = tempStack.pop();
System.out.println("Poped: " + tempChar);
System.out.println("The current stack is: " + tempStack);
} // Of for i
}// Of main
}// Of CharStack
运行结果:
5.总结
栈在运用时,一定要注意栈满和栈空的时候,避免越界发生