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论文阅读《Early Detection of Fake News by Utilizing the Credibility of News, Publisers,...》

眸晓 2022-01-26 阅读 47


LawsonAbs的认知与思考,还请各位读者批判阅读。

总结


本文提出一种新的模型:结合了publisher,user的信息来作为一种判断fake news 的方式。论文地址:https://arxiv.org/abs/2012.04233论文名:​​Early Detection of Fake News by Utilizing the Credibility of News, Publishers, and Users Based on Weakly Supervised Learning​

0.要解决的问题

​fake news detection​

1.之前的方法


  • focus on finding clues from new content or diffusion path. The required features of previos models are often unavailable or insufficient in early detection scenarios, resulting in poor performance.
    其中 ​​features​​ 包括如下几种特征:
  • linguistic features: 耸人的标题
  • user-based features
  • temporal features: news diffusion 过程中的时序特性

这些方法的缺点:


  • 需要大量的人工涉及这些features(有点儿像特征工程)
  • 只能在相当数量转发信息时,才能检测出fake news。但是很少投入在early detection

2.本文的算法

contribution:

根据现实生活出发,结合人类判断的过程,设计出一个结合publisher,user 的判断模型:


  • consider the reputation of the publishers and reposted users. Explicitly take the credibility of publishers and users as supervised information
  • model fake news detection as a multi-task classification task.
  • We provide a principled way to jointly utilize the credibility of publishers and users, and the heterogeneous graph for credibility prediction and fake news detection.

算法解决的问题:


  • How to fully encode the heterogeneous graph structure and news content
  • How to explicitly utilize the credibility of publishers and users for facilitating early detection of fake news.

3.具体实现


  • Firstly, we design a structureaware multi-head attention module to learn the structure of the publishing graph and produce the publisher representations for the credibility prediction of publishers.
  • Then, we apply the structure-aware multi-head attention module to encode the diffusion graph of the news among users and generate user representations for the credibility prediction of users.
  • Finally, we apply a convolutional neural network to map the news text from word embedding to semantic space and utilize the fusion attention module to combine the news, publisher, and user representations for early fake news detection

4.主要任务

下面就是作者提到的在文中训练两个的子任务:

论文阅读《Early Detection of Fake News by Utilizing the Credibility of News, Publisers,...》_人工智能

分别看这两个任务:

4.1 ​​Publisher Credibility Prediction​

论文阅读《Early Detection of Fake News by Utilizing the Credibility of News, Publisers,...》_ios_02其中:

论文阅读《Early Detection of Fake News by Utilizing the Credibility of News, Publisers,...》_人工智能_03这么看 D p D^p Dp 就是一个对角阵,其对角处的值就表明这个用户发了多少条news。

根据上面这个公式,应用到具体的情景中,就可以得到下面的这个表达式:

论文阅读《Early Detection of Fake News by Utilizing the Credibility of News, Publisers,...》_sed_04

其中:

论文阅读《Early Detection of Fake News by Utilizing the Credibility of News, Publisers,...》_ios_05

论文阅读《Early Detection of Fake News by Utilizing the Credibility of News, Publisers,...》_假消息检测_06通过线性映射和一个softmax就可以做一个分类。分成三类:

​unreliable, uncertain, reliable​

交叉熵作损失:

论文阅读《Early Detection of Fake News by Utilizing the Credibility of News, Publisers,...》_人工智能_07

4.2 ​​User Credibility Prediction​

  • 首先是建图
    论文阅读《Early Detection of Fake News by Utilizing the Credibility of News, Publisers,...》_ide_08
    下面介绍 diffusion graph 的encoding algorithm
    论文阅读《Early Detection of Fake News by Utilizing the Credibility of News, Publisers,...》_人工智能_09论文阅读《Early Detection of Fake News by Utilizing the Credibility of News, Publisers,...》_ios_10

4.3 Fake news Classification

we combine news with publishing and diffusion graph to more comprehensively capture the differences in the content and diffusion mode of true and false news.

4.4 Fusion Attention Unit

主要的功能就是将三块(publisher,user,content representations)融合在一起,下面讲一下怎么融合(无非就是放在一块儿计算)。



step1
论文阅读《Early Detection of Fake News by Utilizing the Credibility of News, Publisers,...》_人工智能_11



step2
论文阅读《Early Detection of Fake News by Utilizing the Credibility of News, Publisers,...》_人工智能_12就相当于从训练好的结果(look-up table)中找到想要的值。



step3
找出转发过这条信息的所有用户(用于判断这条消息是否是fake的)。然后用一个attention model聚合起来:
论文阅读《Early Detection of Fake News by Utilizing the Credibility of News, Publisers,...》_假消息检测_13
论文阅读《Early Detection of Fake News by Utilizing the Credibility of News, Publisers,...》_人工智能_14



step4
拼接向量
因为 news content(也就是之前训练好的 m j m_j mj​) 捕捉到了semantic difference between fake and true news; 而 m j ^ \hat{m_j} mj​^​ 得到的是 diffusion path 间的差异。
论文阅读《Early Detection of Fake News by Utilizing the Credibility of News, Publisers,...》_ide_15



step5
计算损失
论文阅读《Early Detection of Fake News by Utilizing the Credibility of News, Publisers,...》_sed_16



step6
论文阅读《Early Detection of Fake News by Utilizing the Credibility of News, Publisers,...》_人工智能_17



5.主要问题

5.1 weakly supervised 指什么?


we explicitly treat the credibility of publishersand users as a kind of weakly supervised information for facilitating fake news detection.




损失函数是什么?
模型的三类都是使用交叉熵作为计算损失。



structure-aware 指的是什么?
将publiser,user等信息编码到matrix中,所以叫 structure-aware。



模型的框架是什么?
论文阅读《Early Detection of Fake News by Utilizing the Credibility of News, Publisers,...》_ide_18



关于留言中的问题:

  • R ∈ R ∣ U ∣ ∗ K R \in R^{|U|*K} R∈R∣U∣∗K 是什么意思?
    论文阅读《Early Detection of Fake News by Utilizing the Credibility of News, Publisers,...》_sed_19直译一下:每条消息最多都有K个不同的用户转发(所以 K ≤ U K \leq U K≤U)。使用矩阵 R ∈ R ∣ U ∣ ∗ K R \in R^{|U|*K} R∈R∣U∣∗K 表示之前转发过消息的user ids。当转发用户的数目少于K时,矩阵R是由0填充。

具体的意思应该就是想看user node representation from the diffusion graph。



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