CubeMX与HAL库系列教程|点亮LED灯

​摘要​

本章节主要讲述如何使用cubemx、HAL库点亮LED灯，希望教程对正在学习HAL库的你有用哦~系列教程主要在STM32F407ZGT6探索者开发板完成，部分在自设计fallingstar board完成。

​cubemx配置​

不知道怎么新建工程的童鞋，麻烦移步新建工程章节，新建工程：​​见新建工程详解​​

硬件连接，可以看到，F407探索者的LED灯是连接在PF9、PF10引脚上的，采用的是灌电流的设计方式，亮灯只需要控制相应IO就可以了：

• • 
    
• 高电平：熄灭
• 低电平：亮
  • 
    

选择需要配置的引脚，PF9，和PF10，仅以PF9配置为例说明配置为输出模式右击可以编辑label，定义为我们自己的label，建议养成好的习惯，顾名思义，也会很方便移植

MCU的IO是可以根据需要配置为不同的模式的，关于IO输出模式下，主要有这几项配置

• • 
    
• GPIO output level  初始化IO输出电平状态，High-高电平，Low-低电平
• GPIO mode GPIO的输出模式配置，Output Push Pull-推挽输出，Output Open Drain-开漏输出
• GPIO PULL—UP/PULL-DOWN PULL—UP：上拉，PULL-DOWN：下拉，NO pull-up and no pull
• Maximum output speed IO最大输出速度
• User Label 自定义用户标签
  • 
    

在HAL库中定义如下：

typedef struct
{
  uint32_t Pin;       /*!< Specifies the GPIO pins to be configured.
This parameter can be any value of @ref GPIO_pins_define */

uint32_t Mode;      /*!< Specifies the operating mode for the selected pins.
                           This parameter can be a value of @ref GPIO_mode_define */

  uint32_t Pull;      /*!< Specifies the Pull-up or Pull-Down activation for the selected pins.
This parameter can be a value of @ref GPIO_pull_define */

uint32_t Speed;     /*!< Specifies the speed for the selected pins.
                           This parameter can be a value of @ref GPIO_speed_define */

  uint32_t Alternate;  /*!< Peripheral to be connected to the selected pins. 
This parameter can be a value of @ref GPIO_Alternate_function_selection */
}GPIO_InitTypeDef;

时钟树图

配置完成，然后生成代码就可以了

​源码解析​

生成的关于LED GPIO的代码

void MX_GPIO_Init(void){

  GPIO_InitTypeDef GPIO_InitStruct = {0};

  /* GPIO Ports Clock Enable */
  __HAL_RCC_GPIOF_CLK_ENABLE();
  __HAL_RCC_GPIOH_CLK_ENABLE();
  __HAL_RCC_GPIOA_CLK_ENABLE();
  __HAL_RCC_GPIOB_CLK_ENABLE();

  /*Configure GPIO pin Output Level */
  HAL_GPIO_WritePin(GPIOF, LED0_Pin|LED1_Pin, GPIO_PIN_SET);

  /*Configure GPIO pins : PFPin PFPin */
  GPIO_InitStruct.Pin = LED0_Pin|LED1_Pin;
  GPIO_InitStruct.Mode = GPIO_MODE_OUTPUT_PP;
  GPIO_InitStruct.Pull = GPIO_PULLUP;
  GPIO_InitStruct.Speed = GPIO_SPEED_FREQ_VERY_HIGH;
  HAL_GPIO_Init(GPIOF, &GPIO_InitStruct);

}

接下来看看HAL库关于GPIO控制的一些函数,根据说明，填入参数即可，第一个参数，GPIOA...G...,根据GPIO所在的分组，填入，第二个参数，GPIO具体的位置，第三个参数，GPIO的电平控制，0/1，所以说，平时写代码，在网上冲浪查找是一种办法，看源代码也是一种好办法，结构体、枚举，都会有体现，一边实战一边学习

typedef enum
{
  GPIO_PIN_RESET = 0,
  GPIO_PIN_SET
}GPIO_PinState;

/**
  * @brief  Sets or clears the selected data port bit.
  *
  * @note   This function uses GPIOx_BSRR register to allow atomic read/modify
  *         accesses. In this way, there is no risk of an IRQ occurring between
  *         the read and the modify access.
  *
  * @param  GPIOx where x can be (A..K) to select the GPIO peripheral for STM32F429X device or
  *                      x can be (A..I) to select the GPIO peripheral for STM32F40XX and STM32F427X devices.
  * @param  GPIO_Pin specifies the port bit to be written.
  *          This parameter can be one of GPIO_PIN_x where x can be (0..15).
  * @param  PinState specifies the value to be written to the selected bit.
  *          This parameter can be one of the GPIO_PinState enum values:
  *            @arg GPIO_PIN_RESET: to clear the port pin
  *            @arg GPIO_PIN_SET: to set the port pin
  * @retval None
  */
void HAL_GPIO_WritePin(GPIO_TypeDef* GPIOx, uint16_t GPIO_Pin, GPIO_PinState PinState){
  /* Check the parameters */
  assert_param(IS_GPIO_PIN(GPIO_Pin));
  assert_param(IS_GPIO_PIN_ACTION(PinState));

  if(PinState != GPIO_PIN_RESET)
  {
    GPIOx->BSRR = GPIO_Pin;
  }
  else
  {
    GPIOx->BSRR = (uint32_t)GPIO_Pin << 16U;
  }
}

除了上面的函数可以设置IO状态，还有下面这个,这个函数，每次执行会自动把状态翻转，参数比上面少一个。

/**
  * @brief  Toggles the specified GPIO pins.
  * @param  GPIOx Where x can be (A..K) to select the GPIO peripheral for STM32F429X device or
  *                      x can be (A..I) to select the GPIO peripheral for STM32F40XX and STM32F427X devices.
  * @param  GPIO_Pin Specifies the pins to be toggled.
  * @retval None
  */
void HAL_GPIO_TogglePin(GPIO_TypeDef* GPIOx, uint16_t GPIO_Pin){
  uint32_t odr;

  /* Check the parameters */
  assert_param(IS_GPIO_PIN(GPIO_Pin));

  /* get current Ouput Data Register value */
  odr = GPIOx->ODR;

  /* Set selected pins that were at low level, and reset ones that were high */
  GPIOx->BSRR = ((odr & GPIO_Pin) << GPIO_NUMBER) | (~odr & GPIO_Pin);
}

下面来演示两种不同的用法：

while (1)
  {
    /* USER CODE END WHILE */

    /* USER CODE BEGIN 3 */
  HAL_GPIO_TogglePin(LED0_GPIO_Port,LED0_Pin);
  HAL_GPIO_TogglePin(LED1_GPIO_Port,LED1_Pin);
  HAL_Delay(500);

  }

while (1)
  {
    /* USER CODE END WHILE */

    /* USER CODE BEGIN 3 */

    HAL_GPIO_WritePin(LED0_GPIO_Port, LED0_Pin, GPIO_PIN_RESET);
    HAL_GPIO_WritePin(LED0_GPIO_Port, LED0_Pin, GPIO_PIN_RESET);

    HAL_Delay(500);
    HAL_GPIO_WritePin(LED0_GPIO_Port, LED0_Pin, GPIO_PIN_RESET);
    HAL_GPIO_WritePin(LED0_GPIO_Port, LED0_Pin, GPIO_PIN_RESET);

    HAL_Delay(500);
  }

两种实现的效果是一样的哦~ OK，完美，end~

​资料获取​

可以添加小飞哥好友，进群交流获取资料，也可以公众号后台回复“HAL_GPIO”获取源码！