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入门PyTorch的学习路线指南

慕犹清 2023-05-11 阅读 99
python学习笔记web

源学习视频

目的：开发一个平台(网站)

  • 前端开发：HTML、CSS、JavaScript
  • Web框架：接收请求并处理
  • MySQL数据库：存储数据地方

快速上手：
基于Flask Web框架让你快速搭建一个网站出来。

深入学习：
基于Django框架(主要)

1.快速开发网站

from flask import Flask

app = Flask(__name__)


# 创建了网站/show/info和函数index的对应关系
# 以后用户在浏览器上访问/show/info，网站自动执行index
@app.route("/show/info")
def index():
    return "中国联通"

if __name__ == '__main__':
    app.run()

2.HTML

2.1编码

<meta charset="UTF-8">

2.2 title

<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Title</title>
</head>

2.4 HTML标签

2.4.1 div和span

  • div
    一人占一整行。[块级标签]
  • span
    自己多大占多大。[行内标签、内联标签]

2.4.2 超链接

<!-- 别人的链接 -->
<a href="http://www.baidu.com">点击跳转</a>
<!-- 自己的链接 -->
<a href="/get/news">点击跳转</a>

2.4.3 图片

<img />标签，称为自闭合标签。

显示别人的图片
<img src="图片地址" />
显示自己的图片
	- 自己项目中创建：static目录，图片要放在static目录
	- 在页面上引入图片
<img src="/static/图片名称" />

2.4.4 列表

无序列表
    <ul>
        <li>中国移动</li>
        <li>中国联通</li>
        <li>中国电信</li>
    </ul>
有序列表
    <ol>
        <li>中国移动</li>
        <li>中国联通</li>
        <li>中国电信</li>
    </ol>

2.4.5 表格

    <table border="1">
        <thead>
            <tr> <th>ID</th> <th>姓名</th> <th>年龄</th> </tr>
        </thead>
        <tbody>
            <tr> <td>10</td> <td>张三</td> <td>19</td></tr>
            <tr> <td>11</td> <td>张三</td> <td>19</td></tr>
            <tr> <td>12</td> <td>张三</td> <td>19</td></tr>
        </tbody>
    </table>

2.4.6 input系列

    <input type="text">
    <input type="password">
    <input type="file">

    <input type="radio" name="n1">男
    <input type="radio" name="n1">女

    <input type="checkbox">篮球
    <input type="checkbox">足球
    <input type="checkbox">乒乓球
    <input type="checkbox">棒球

    <input type="button" value="提交"> --普通的按钮
    <input type="submit" value="提交"> --提交表单

2.4.7 下拉框

    <select>
        <option>北京</option>
        <option>上海</option>
        <option>深圳</option>
    </select>

    <select multiple>
        <option>北京</option>
        <option>上海</option>
        <option>深圳</option>
    </select>

2.4.8 多行文本

    <textarea rows="3"></textarea>

网络请求

在这里插入图片描述

案例：用户注册

  • 新建项目
  • 创建Flask代码
from flask import Flask, render_template, request

app = Flask(__name__)

@app.route('/register', methods=['GET', 'POST'])
def register():
    if request.method == 'GET':
        return render_template("register.html")
    else:
        user = request.form.get('user')
        pwd = request.form.get('pwd')
        gender = request.form.get('gender')
        hobby = request.form.getlist('hobby')
        city = request.form.get('city')
        skill_list = request.form.getlist('skill')
        more = request.form.get('more')
        print(user, pwd, gender, hobby, city, skill_list, more)
        # 将用户信息写入到数据库中实现注册

        return "注册成功"


if __name__ == '__main__':
    app.run()
  • HTML代码
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
    <h1>用户注册</h1>

    <form method="post" action="/register">
        <div>
          用户名: <input type="text" name="user"/>
        </div>
        <div>
          密码: <input type="password" name="pwd"/>
        </div>

        <div>
          性别:
            <input type="radio" name="gender" value="1">男
            <input type="radio" name="gender" value="2">女
        </div>

        <div>
          爱好:
            <input type="checkbox" name="hobby" value="10">篮球
            <input type="checkbox" name="hobby" value="20">足球
            <input type="checkbox" name="hobby" value="30">乒乓球
        </div>

        <div>
          城市:
            <select name="city">
                <option value="bj">北京</option>
                <option value="sh">上海</option>
                <option value="sz">深圳</option>
            </select>
        </div>

        <div>
          擅长领域:
            <select name="skill" multiple >
                <option value="100">打游戏</option>
                <option value="101">歌唱</option>
                <option value="102">跑步</option>
            </select>
        </div>

        <div>
            备注: <textarea name="more"></textarea>
        </div>

        <div>
            <input type="button" value="button提交">
            <input type="submit" value="submit提交">
        </div>
    </form>
</body>
</html>
  • 页面上的数据，想要提交到后台：
    • form标签包裹要提交的含数据的标签
    • 提交方式：method=”get“
    • 提交的地址：action=“/xxx/xx/xx”
    • 在form标签里面必须有一个submit标签
  • 在form里面的一些标签：input/select/textarea
    • 一定要写name属性：<input type='text' name='user'/>

3.CSS样式

css，专门用来”美化“标签。

  • 基础CSS，写简单页面&看懂&改。
  • 模板，调整和修改。

3.1CSS应用方式

1.在标签上用

<img src="..." style="height:100px" >

2.在head标签中写style标签

<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Title</title>
    <style>
        .c1{
            color:red;
        }
    </style>
</head>

3.写到文件中

把样式都写到common.css文件中，然后在html中引入该文件。

# html
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Title</title>
    <link rel='stylesheet' href='common.css' />
</head>

.c1{
   color:red;
}

3.3 CSS选择器

  • id选择器
# id选择器
#c1{

}
<div id='c1'></div>
  • 类选择器(用的最多)
# 类选择器
.c1{

}
<div class='c1'></div>
  • 标签选择器
# 标签选择器
div{
	color:red;
}
<div>xxx</div>
  • 属性选择器
input[type='text']{
	border: 1px solid red;
}
<input type='text'>
  • 后代选择器
.yy li{
	color: red;
}
.yy > li{
	color: pink;
}
<div class='yy'>
	<ul>
		<li></li>
		<li></li>
	</ul>
</div>

多个样式的应用和覆盖问题

在这里插入图片描述

3.4 样式

1.高度和宽度

.c1{
	height: 300px;
	width: 500px;
}

2.块级和行内标签

  • 块级标签(太霸道)
  • 行内标签(太软弱)
  • css样式：标签->display:inline-block (兼容两者)
<style>
	.c1{
		display: inline-block;
		
		height: 100px;
		width: 300px;
		border: 1px solid red;
	}
</style>
<body>
	<span class="c1">中国</span>
	<span class="c1">联通</span>
</body>

3.字体设置

.c1{
	color: #00FF7F;   /* 字的颜色 */
	font-size: 59px;  /* 字的大小 */
	font-weight: 600; /* 字的粗细 */
	font-family: Microsoft Yahei;  /* 字体 */
}

4.文字对齐方式

.c1{
	height: 59px;
	width: 300px;
	border: 1px solid red;

	text-align: center; /* 水平方向居中 */
	line-height: 59px; /* 方向水平居中 */
}

5.浮动

  <div>
    <span>左边</span>
    <span style="float:right">右边</span>
  </div>

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Title</title>
    <style>
      .item{
        float: left;
        width: 280px;
        height: 170px;
        border: 1px solid red;
      }
    </style>
</head>
<body>
  <div>
    <div style="background-color: dodgerblue">
      <div class="item"></div>
      <div class="item"></div>
      <div class="item"></div>
      <div class="item"></div>
      <div style="clear: both;"></div>
    </div>
  </div>
</body>
</html>

6.内边距

内边距：我自己的内部设置的一点距离。

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Title</title>
    <style>
        .outer {
            border: 1px solid red;
            height: 200px;
            width: 200px;

            padding-top: 20px;
            padding-left: 20px;
            padding-right: 20px;
            padding-bottom: 20px;
        }
    </style>
</head>
<body>
<div class="outer">
    <div style="background-color: gold">听妈妈的话</div>
    <div>
        小朋友你是否有很多问号
    </div>

</div>

</body>
</html>

7.外边距

外边距，我与别人的距离。

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
  <div style="height:200px; background-color: dodgerblue"></div>
  <div style="height:100px; background-color: red; margin-top: 10px;"></div>

</body>
</html>

案例：小米商城

小米顶部

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Title</title>
    <style>
        body {
            margin: 0;
        }

        .header {
            background: #333;
        }

        .container {
            width: 1226px;
            margin: 0 auto; /* 上下为0，左右为auto */
        }

        .header .menu {
            float: left;
            color: white;
        }

        .header .account {
            float: right;
            color: white;
        }

        .header a {
            color: #b0b0b0;
            line-height: 40px;
            display: inline-block;
            font-size: 12px;
            margin-right: 10px;
        }
    </style>
</head>
<body>
<div class="header">
    <div class="container">
        <div class="menu">
            <a>小米官网</a>
            <a>小米商城</a>
            <a>MIUI</a>
            <a>IoT</a>
            <a>云服务</a>
            <a>天星数科</a>
            <a>有品</a>
            <a>小爱开放平台</a>
            <a>企业团购</a>
            <a>资质证照</a>
            <a>协议规则</a>
            <a>下载app</a>
            <a>Select Location</a>
        </div>
        <div class="account">
            <a>登录</a>
            <a>注册</a>
            <a>消息通知</a>
        </div>
        <div style="clear: both"></div>
    </div>
</div>
</body>
</html>

小结

在这里插入图片描述
一定记得加入<div style="clear: both"></div>

二级菜单

log部分

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Title</title>
  <style>
    body {
      margin: 0;
    }
    .sub-header{
      height: 100px;
      background-color: #b0b0b0;
    }
    .container{
      width: 1128px;
      margin: auto;

      border: 1px solid red;
    }
    .sub-header .ht{
      height: 100px;
    }
    .sub-header .logo{
      width: 234px;
      float: left;
      border: 1px solid red;
    }
    .sub-header .logo a{
      display: inline-block;
      margin-top: 22px;
    }
    .sub-header .logo img{
      height: 56px;
      width:56px
    }
    .sub-header .menu-list{
      float: left;
    }
    .sub-header .search{
      float: right;
    }
  </style>
</head>
<body>
  <div class="sub-header">
    <div class="container">
      <div class="ht logo">
        <a href="https://www.mi.com/shop">
          <img src="/images/小米-logo.png">
        </a>
      </div>
      <div class="ht menu-list">f</div>
      <div class="ht search">f</div>
      <div class="clear:both;"></div>
    </div>
  </div>

</body>
</html>

菜单部分

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Title</title>
  <style>
    body {
      margin: 0;
    }
    .sub-header{
      height: 100px;
    }
    .container{
      width: 1226px;
      margin: auto;

    }
    .sub-header .ht{
      height: 100px;
    }
    .sub-header .logo{
      width: 234px;
      float: left;
    }
    .sub-header .logo a{
      display: inline-block;
      margin-top: 22px;
    }
    .sub-header .logo img{
      height: 56px;
      width:56px
    }
    .sub-header .menu-list{
      float: left;

      line-height:100px;
    }
    .sub-header .menu-list a{
      display: inline-block;
      padding: 0 10px;
      color: #333;
      font-size: 16px;
      text-decoration: none; /* 去掉下划线 */
    }
    .sub-header .menu-list a:hover{
      color: #ff6700;
    }

    .sub-header .search{
      float: right;
    }
  </style>
</head>
<body>
  <div class="sub-header">
    <div class="container">
      <div class="ht logo">
        <a href="https://www.mi.com/shop">
          <img src="/images/小米-logo.png">
        </a>
      </div>
      <div class="ht menu-list">
        <a href="https://www.mi.com/">Xiaomi手机</a>
        <a href="https://www.mi.com/">Redmi手机</a>
        <a href="https://www.mi.com/">电视</a>
        <a href="https://www.mi.com/">笔记本</a>
        <a href="https://www.mi.com/">平板</a>
        <a href="https://www.mi.com/">家电</a>
        <a href="https://www.mi.com/">路由器</a>
        <a href="https://www.mi.com/">服务中心</a>
        <a href="https://www.mi.com/">社区</a>
      </div>
      <div class="ht search">f</div>
      <div style="clear: both"></div>
    </div>
  </div>

</body>
</html>

整合：顶部菜单+二级菜单

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Title</title>
    <style>
        body {
            margin: 0;
        }

        .header {
            background: #333;
        }

        .container {
            width: 1226px;
            margin: 0 auto; /* 上下为0，左右为auto */
        }

        .header .menu {
            float: left;
            color: white;
        }

        .header .account {
            float: right;
            color: white;
        }

        .header a {
            color: #b0b0b0;
            line-height: 40px;
            display: inline-block;
            font-size: 12px;
            margin-right: 10px;

            text-decoration: none;
        }
        .header a:hover {
            color: white;
        }

        .sub-header {
            height: 100px;
        }

        .sub-header .ht {
            height: 100px;
        }

        .sub-header .logo {
            width: 234px;
            float: left;
        }

        .sub-header .logo a {
            display: inline-block;
            margin-top: 22px;
        }

        .sub-header .logo img {
            height: 56px;
            width: 56px
        }

        .sub-header .menu-list {
            float: left;

            line-height: 100px;
        }

        .sub-header .menu-list a {
            display: inline-block;
            padding: 0 10px;
            color: #333;
            font-size: 16px;
            text-decoration: none; /* 去掉下划线 */
        }

        .sub-header .menu-list a:hover {
            color: #ff6700;
        }
    </style>
</head>
<body>
<div class="header">
    <div class="container">
        <div class="menu">
            <a href="http://www.mi.com">小米官网</a>
            <a href="http://www.mi.com">小米商城</a>
            <a href="http://www.mi.com">MIUI</a>
            <a href="http://www.mi.com">IoT</a>
            <a href="http://www.mi.com">云服务</a>
            <a href="http://www.mi.com">天星数科</a>
            <a href="http://www.mi.com">有品</a>
            <a href="http://www.mi.com">小爱开放平台</a>
            <a href="http://www.mi.com">企业团购</a>
            <a href="http://www.mi.com">资质证照</a>
            <a href="http://www.mi.com">协议规则</a>
            <a href="http://www.mi.com">下载app</a>
            <a href="http://www.mi.com">Select Location</a>
        </div>
        <div class="account">
            <a href="http://www.mi.com">登录</a>
            <a href="http://www.mi.com">注册</a>
            <a href="http://www.mi.com">消息通知</a>
        </div>
        <div style="clear: both"></div>
    </div>
</div>

<div class="sub-header">
    <div class="container">
        <div class="ht logo">
            <a href="https://www.mi.com/shop">
                <img src="/images/小米-logo.png">
            </a>
        </div>
        <div class="ht menu-list">
            <a href="https://www.mi.com/">Xiaomi手机</a>
            <a href="https://www.mi.com/">Redmi手机</a>
            <a href="https://www.mi.com/">电视</a>
            <a href="https://www.mi.com/">笔记本</a>
            <a href="https://www.mi.com/">平板</a>
            <a href="https://www.mi.com/">家电</a>
            <a href="https://www.mi.com/">路由器</a>
            <a href="https://www.mi.com/">服务中心</a>
            <a href="https://www.mi.com/">社区</a>
        </div>
        <div class="ht search"></div>
        <div style="clear: both"></div>
    </div>
</div>
</body>
</html>

小结

在这里插入图片描述

案例：推荐区域

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Title</title>
    <style>
        body {
            margin: 0;
        }
        .left{
            float: left;
        }
        img {
            width: 100%;
            height: 100%;
        }
        .header {
            background: #333;
        }

        .container {
            width: 1226px;
            margin: 0 auto; /* 上下为0，左右为auto */
        }

        .header .menu {
            float: left;
            color: white;
        }

        .header .account {
            float: right;
            color: white;
        }

        .header a {
            color: #b0b0b0;
            line-height: 40px;
            display: inline-block;
            font-size: 12px;
            margin-right: 10px;

            text-decoration: none;
        }

        .header a:hover {
            color: white;
        }

        .sub-header {
            height: 100px;
        }

        .sub-header .ht {
            height: 100px;
        }

        .sub-header .logo {
            width: 234px;
            float: left;
        }

        .sub-header .logo a {
            display: inline-block;
            margin-top: 22px;
        }

        .sub-header .logo img {
            height: 56px;
            width: 56px
        }

        .sub-header .menu-list {
            float: left;

            line-height: 100px;
        }

        .sub-header .menu-list a {
            display: inline-block;
            padding: 0 10px;
            color: #333;
            font-size: 16px;
            text-decoration: none; /* 去掉下划线 */
        }

        .sub-header .menu-list a:hover {
            color: #ff6700;
        }

        .slider .sd-img {
            width: 1226px;
            height: 460px;
        }
        .news{
            margin-top: 14px;
        }
        .news .channel{
            width: 228px;
            height: 164px;
                background: #5f5750;
            padding: 3px;
        }
        .news .channel .item{
            height: 82px;
            width: 76px;
            float: left;
            text-align: center;
            background: #5f5750;
        }

        .news .channel .item a{
            display: block;
            padding-top: 18px;
            font-size: 12px;
            color: #fff;
                opacity: .7; /* 透明度 */
            text-decoration: none;
        }
        .news .channel .item a:hover{
            opacity: 1;
        }

        .news .channel .item img{
            display: block;
            width: 24px;
            height: 24px;
            margin: 0 auto 4px;
        }

        .news .list-item{
            width: 316px;
            height: 170px;
        }
    </style>
</head>
<body>
<div class="header">
    <div class="container">
        <div class="menu">
            <a href="http://www.mi.com">小米官网</a>
            <a href="http://www.mi.com">小米商城</a>
            <a href="http://www.mi.com">MIUI</a>
            <a href="http://www.mi.com">IoT</a>
            <a href="http://www.mi.com">云服务</a>
            <a href="http://www.mi.com">天星数科</a>
            <a href="http://www.mi.com">有品</a>
            <a href="http://www.mi.com">小爱开放平台</a>
            <a href="http://www.mi.com">企业团购</a>
            <a href="http://www.mi.com">资质证照</a>
            <a href="http://www.mi.com">协议规则</a>
            <a href="http://www.mi.com">下载app</a>
            <a href="http://www.mi.com">Select Location</a>
        </div>
        <div class="account">
            <a href="http://www.mi.com">登录</a>
            <a href="http://www.mi.com">注册</a>
            <a href="http://www.mi.com">消息通知</a>
        </div>
        <div style="clear: both"></div>
    </div>
</div>

<div class="sub-header">
    <div class="container">
        <div class="ht logo">
            <a href="https://www.mi.com/shop">
                <img src="/images/小米-logo.png">
            </a>
        </div>
        <div class="ht menu-list">
            <a href="https://www.mi.com/">Xiaomi手机</a>
            <a href="https://www.mi.com/">Redmi手机</a>
            <a href="https://www.mi.com/">电视</a>
            <a href="https://www.mi.com/">笔记本</a>
            <a href="https://www.mi.com/">平板</a>
            <a href="https://www.mi.com/">家电</a>
            <a href="https://www.mi.com/">路由器</a>
            <a href="https://www.mi.com/">服务中心</a>
            <a href="https://www.mi.com/">社区</a>
        </div>
        <div class="ht search"></div>
        <div style="clear: both"></div>
    </div>
</div>

<div class="slider">
    <div class="container">
        <div class="sd-img">
            <img src="/images/小米商城图片.jpg">
        </div>
    </div>


</div>

<div class="news">
    <div class="container">
        <div class="channel left">
            <div class="item">
                <a  href="https://www.mi.com/shop">
                    <img src="/images/v1.png" alt="保障服务">
                    <span>保障服务</span>
                </a>
            </div>
            <div class="item">
                <a  href="https://www.mi.com/shop">
                    <img src="/images/v1.png" alt="保障服务">
                    <span>保障服务</span>
                </a>
            </div>
            <div class="item">
                <a  href="https://www.mi.com/shop">
                    <img src="/images/v1.png" alt="保障服务">
                    <span>保障服务</span>
                </a>
            </div>
            <div class="item">
                <a  href="https://www.mi.com/shop">
                    <img src="/images/v1.png" alt="保障服务">
                    <span>保障服务</span>
                </a>
            </div>
            <div class="item">
                <a  href="https://www.mi.com/shop">
                    <img src="/images/v1.png" alt="保障服务">
                    <span>保障服务</span>
                </a>
            </div>
            <div class="item">
                <a  href="https://www.mi.com/shop">
                    <img src="/images/v1.png" alt="保障服务">
                    <span>保障服务</span>
                </a>
            </div>
            <div style="clear: both;"></div>
        </div>
        <div class="list-item left" style="margin-left: 14px">
            <img src="/images/小米商城图片1.jpg" />
        </div>
        <div class="list-item left" style="margin-left: 15px">
            <img src="/images/小米商城图片2.jpg" />
        </div>
        <div class="list-item left" style="margin-left: 15px">
            <img src="/images/小米商城图片3.jpg" />
        </div>
        <div style="clear:both;"></div>
    </div>
</div>
</body>
</html>

小结

  • 设置不透明度
opacity: 0.5; /* 0-1 */

CSS知识点

2.1 hover(伪类)

可以hover到某一个标签，然后修改内部其他标签的样式，如.app:hover .download{ ... }

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Title</title>
    <style>
        .c1:hover{
            color: red;
        }

        .download{
            display: none;
        }

        .app:hover .download{
            display: block;
        }

        .app:hover .title{
            color: red;
        }
    </style>
</head>
<body>
<div class="c1">联通</div>
<div class="c2">广西</div>

<div class="app">
    <div class="title">下载APP</div>
    <div class="download">
        <img src="images/小米-logo.png">
    </div>
</div>
</body>
</html>

2.2 after

after可以往尾部加东西(很少直接用)

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Title</title>
    <style>
      .c1:after{
        content: "大帅哥";
      }
    </style>
</head>
<body>
    <div class="c1">张三</div>
    <div class="c1">李四</div>
</body>
</html>

after的应用-clearfix清除浮动

参考资料：clearfix（清除浮动）

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Title</title>
    <style>
        .clearfix:after {
            content: "";
            display: block;
            clear: both;
        }
        .item{
            float: left;
        }
    </style>
</head>
<body>
<div class="clearfix">
    <div class="item">1</div>
    <div class="item">2</div>
    <div class="item">3</div>
</div>
</body>
</html>

2.3 position

fixed

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Title</title>
    <style>
        .back{
            position: fixed;
            width: 60px;
            height: 60px;
            border: 1px solid red;

            right: 10px;
            bottom: 50px;
        }
    </style>
</head>
<body>

<div style="height: 1000px;background-color: #5f5750"></div>
<div class="back"></div>
</body>
</html>
案例：对话框
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Title</title>
    <style>
        body{
            margin: 0;
        }
        .mask{
            background-color: black;
            position: fixed;
            left: 0;
            right: 0;
            top: 0;
            bottom: 0;
            opacity: 0.7;
            z-index: 999;
        }
        .dialog{
            position: fixed;
            width: 500px;
            height: 300px;
            background-color: white;
            border: 1px solid red;

            left: 0;
            right: 0;
            margin: 0 auto;

            top: 200px;
            z-index: 1000;
        }
    </style>
</head>
<body>

<div style="height: 1000px">asdfasdfasdfsdf</div>
<div class="mask"></div>
<div class="dialog"></div>
</body>
</html>

relative和absolute的配合使用

absolute的元素位置会相对于relative的元素位置确定。出现二维码，出现对话框，其实都是基于relative和absolute实现的。

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Title</title>
    <style>
      .c1{
        height: 300px;
        width: 500px;
        border: 1px solid red;
        margin: 100px;
        position: relative;
      }
      .c1 .c2{
        height: 59px;
        width: 59px;
        background-color: #00FF7F;
        position: absolute;
        right: 0;
        top: 0;
      }
    </style>
</head>
<body>
  <div class="c1">
    <div class="c2"></div>
  </div>
</body>
</html>
案例：小米商城下载APP
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Title</title>
    <style>
        body {
            margin: 0;
        }
        .left{
            float: left;
        }
        img {
            width: 100%;
            height: 100%;
        }
        .header {
            background: #333;
        }

        .container {
            width: 1226px;
            margin: 0 auto; /* 上下为0，左右为auto */
        }

        .header .menu {
            float: left;
            color: white;
        }

        .header .account {
            float: right;
            color: white;
        }

        .header a {
            color: #b0b0b0;
            line-height: 40px;
            display: inline-block;
            font-size: 12px;
            margin-right: 10px;

            text-decoration: none;
        }

        .header a:hover {
            color: white;
        }

        .sub-header {
            height: 100px;
        }

        .sub-header .ht {
            height: 100px;
        }

        .sub-header .logo {
            width: 234px;
            float: left;
        }

        .sub-header .logo a {
            display: inline-block;
            margin-top: 22px;
        }

        .sub-header .logo img {
            height: 56px;
            width: 56px
        }

        .sub-header .menu-list {
            float: left;

            line-height: 100px;
        }

        .sub-header .menu-list a {
            display: inline-block;
            padding: 0 10px;
            color: #333;
            font-size: 16px;
            text-decoration: none; /* 去掉下划线 */
        }

        .sub-header .menu-list a:hover {
            color: #ff6700;
        }

        .slider .sd-img {
            width: 1226px;
            height: 460px;
        }
        .news{
            margin-top: 14px;
        }
        .news .channel{
            width: 228px;
            height: 164px;
                background: #5f5750;
            padding: 3px;
        }
        .news .channel .item{
            height: 82px;
            width: 76px;
            float: left;
            text-align: center;
            background: #5f5750;
        }

        .news .channel .item a{
            display: block;
            padding-top: 18px;
            font-size: 12px;
            color: #fff;
                opacity: .7; /* 透明度 */
            text-decoration: none;
        }
        .news .channel .item a:hover{
            opacity: 1;
        }

        .news .channel .item img{
            display: block;
            width: 24px;
            height: 24px;
            margin: 0 auto 4px;
        }

        .news .list-item{
            width: 316px;
            height: 170px;
        }

        .app{
            position: relative;
        }
        .app:hover .download{
            display: block;
        }
        .app .download{
            display: none;
            position: absolute;
            height: 100px;
            width: 100px;
        }
    </style>
</head>
<body>
<div class="header">
    <div class="container">
        <div class="menu">
            <a href="http://www.mi.com">小米官网</a>
            <a href="http://www.mi.com">小米商城</a>
            <a href="http://www.mi.com">MIUI</a>
            <a href="http://www.mi.com">IoT</a>
            <a href="http://www.mi.com">云服务</a>
            <a href="http://www.mi.com">天星数科</a>
            <a href="http://www.mi.com">有品</a>
            <a href="http://www.mi.com">小爱开放平台</a>
            <a href="http://www.mi.com">企业团购</a>
            <a href="http://www.mi.com">资质证照</a>
            <a href="http://www.mi.com">协议规则</a>
            <a href="http://www.mi.com" class="app">下载app
                <div class="download">
                    <img src="/images/qcode.png"/>
                </div>
            </a>
            <a href="http://www.mi.com">Select Location</a>
        </div>
        <div class="account">
            <a href="http://www.mi.com">登录</a>
            <a href="http://www.mi.com">注册</a>
            <a href="http://www.mi.com">消息通知</a>
        </div>
        <div style="clear: both"></div>
    </div>
</div>

<div class="sub-header">
    <div class="container">
        <div class="ht logo">
            <a href="https://www.mi.com/shop">
                <img src="/images/小米-logo.png">
            </a>
        </div>
        <div class="ht menu-list">
            <a href="https://www.mi.com/">Xiaomi手机</a>
            <a href="https://www.mi.com/">Redmi手机</a>
            <a href="https://www.mi.com/">电视</a>
            <a href="https://www.mi.com/">笔记本</a>
            <a href="https://www.mi.com/">平板</a>
            <a href="https://www.mi.com/">家电</a>
            <a href="https://www.mi.com/">路由器</a>
            <a href="https://www.mi.com/">服务中心</a>
            <a href="https://www.mi.com/">社区</a>
        </div>
        <div class="ht search"></div>
        <div style="clear: both"></div>
    </div>
</div>

<div class="slider">
    <div class="container">
        <div class="sd-img">
            <img src="/images/小米商城图片.jpg">
        </div>
    </div>


</div>

<div class="news">
    <div class="container">
        <div class="channel left">
            <div class="item">
                <a  href="https://www.mi.com/shop">
                    <img src="/images/v1.png" alt="保障服务">
                    <span>保障服务</span>
                </a>
            </div>
            <div class="item">
                <a  href="https://www.mi.com/shop">
                    <img src="/images/v1.png" alt="保障服务">
                    <span>保障服务</span>
                </a>
            </div>
            <div class="item">
                <a  href="https://www.mi.com/shop">
                    <img src="/images/v1.png" alt="保障服务">
                    <span>保障服务</span>
                </a>
            </div>
            <div class="item">
                <a  href="https://www.mi.com/shop">
                    <img src="/images/v1.png" alt="保障服务">
                    <span>保障服务</span>
                </a>
            </div>
            <div class="item">
                <a  href="https://www.mi.com/shop">
                    <img src="/images/v1.png" alt="保障服务">
                    <span>保障服务</span>
                </a>
            </div>
            <div class="item">
                <a  href="https://www.mi.com/shop">
                    <img src="/images/v1.png" alt="保障服务">
                    <span>保障服务</span>
                </a>
            </div>
            <div style="clear: both;"></div>
        </div>
        <div class="list-item left" style="margin-left: 14px">
            <img src="/images/小米商城图片1.jpg" />
        </div>
        <div class="list-item left" style="margin-left: 15px">
            <img src="/images/小米商城图片2.jpg" />
        </div>
        <div class="list-item left" style="margin-left: 15px">
            <img src="/images/小米商城图片3.jpg" />
        </div>
        <div style="clear:both;"></div>
    </div>
</div>
</body>
</html>

2.4 border

  • 透明色
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Title</title>
  <style>
    .c1{
      height: 50px;
      width: 500px;
      background-color: #5f5750;
      border-left: 3px solid transparent;
    }
    .c1:hover{
      border-left: 3px solid red;
    }
  </style>
</head>
<body>
  <div class="c1">菜单</div>
</body>
</html>

2.5 背景色

容易，略

3.BootStrap

举报

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