自动化提取Python项目中的第三方库及其版本信息-CFANZ编程社区

在Python项目开发中，正确管理项目的依赖是非常重要的。记录所有第三方库及其版本有助于确保项目的可移植性和可复现性。本文介绍一个Python脚本，它能够自动识别项目中使用的第三方库及其版本，并将这些信息保存到一个文件中，简化了依赖管理流程。

背景

手动管理和更新项目的requirements.txt文件既繁琐又容易出错。自动化这一过程不仅能提高效率，还能减少错误。

核心代码解释



import ast
import importlib.metadata
import importlib.util
import sys

def is_standard_lib(package_name):
    """检查包名是否属于Python标准库"""
    if package_name in sys.builtin_module_names:
        return True
    try:
        spec = importlib.util.find_spec(package_name)
        return spec and 'site-packages' not in spec.origin
    except ImportError:
        return False

def get_package_versions(imports):
    versions = {}
    for package_name in imports:
        # 如果是标准库，则跳过不处理
        if is_standard_lib(package_name):
            continue
        try:
            version = importlib.metadata.version(package_name)
            versions[package_name] = version
        except importlib.metadata.PackageNotFoundError:
            versions[package_name] = "Not Found or Not a Third-party Package"
        except Exception as e:
            versions[package_name] = "Error: " + str(e)
    return versions

def save_versions_to_file(versions, output_file='imported_packages_versions.txt'):
    with open(output_file, 'w', encoding='utf-8') as f:
        # 写入如何使用pip安装这些依赖的指导
        f.write("# To install these packages with pip, run:\n")
        f.write("# pip install -r " + output_file + "\n\n")
        for package, version in versions.items():
            f.write(f"{package}=={version}\n")
    print(f"Versions file '{output_file}' has been generated successfully.")
def extract_imports_from_file(file_path):
    with open(file_path, "r", encoding='utf-8') as file:
        tree = ast.parse(file.read(), filename=file_path)

    imports = set()
    for node in ast.walk(tree):
        if isinstance(node, ast.Import):
            for alias in node.names:
                imports.add(alias.name.split('.')[0])
        elif isinstance(node, ast.ImportFrom):
            if node.module:
                imports.add(node.module.split('.')[0])

    return imports

# 使用示例
file_path = r"D:\pythonY\pythonProject\New_network_plus_new_loss_function.py"  # 修改为你的Python脚本路径
imports = extract_imports_from_file(file_path)
versions = get_package_versions(imports)
save_versions_to_file(versions)