6. Docker的其他命令
6.1 其他命令
docker run -d
docker rnu -d 镜像名
后台启动容器。
这里会遇到一个问题:
[root@iZ8vb6lqqya4rvreq9ra6gZ ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
[root@iZ8vb6lqqya4rvreq9ra6gZ ~]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
7eeaf525e5e2 feb5d9fea6a5 "/hello" 25 hours ago Exited (0) 25 hours ago frosty_satoshi
[root@iZ8vb6lqqya4rvreq9ra6gZ ~]# docker run -d centos
34612f9f0b3514bdea621cd6af3273eaed217b3466e278e75c0d1b9b6315a605
[root@iZ8vb6lqqya4rvreq9ra6gZ ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
[root@iZ8vb6lqqya4rvreq9ra6gZ ~]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
34612f9f0b35 centos "/bin/bash" 10 seconds ago Exited (0) 10 seconds ago thirsty_pike
7eeaf525e5e2 feb5d9fea6a5 "/hello" 25 hours ago Exited (0) 25 hours ago frosty_satoshi
[root@iZ8vb6lqqya4rvreq9ra6gZ ~]#
从上面的信息中可以看到,后台启动完成后,容器没有运行起来。
这是由于容器中没有前台进程,docker发现容器中没有应用,就会自动停止。
docker logs
docker logs -t -f 容器ID
查看容器中的日志
docker logs -t -f --tail 10 容器ID
查看容器中最近10条日志
注意点:
- 上面命令中的
-t -f
可以写成-tf
。 - --tail 后面必须跟数量,否则命令会报错。
由于后台启动centos后,容器没有运行起来,因此,我们在启动centos时,添加一些shell脚本,让它有日志输出,具体使用如下:
docker run -d centos /bin/bash -c "while true; do echo docker Study;sleep 1;done"
使用示例:
# 查看正在运行的容器,现在是没有正在运行的容器的
[root@iZ8vb6lqqya4rvreq9ra6gZ ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
# 添加shell脚本,并后台启动容器
[root@iZ8vb6lqqya4rvreq9ra6gZ ~]# docker run -d centos /bin/bash -c "while true; do echo docker Study;sleep 1;done"
f5dfecee13e49a6f3e3068d429442f0291ec997721dec86ff08c099388dbc5e8
# 查看正在运行的容器,看到有一个正在运行的容器
[root@iZ8vb6lqqya4rvreq9ra6gZ ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
f5dfecee13e4 centos "/bin/bash -c 'while…" 3 seconds ago Up 2 seconds hungry_ardinghelli
# 查看最近10行的日志
[root@iZ8vb6lqqya4rvreq9ra6gZ ~]# docker logs -t -f --tail 10 f5dfecee13e4
2022-02-09T01:49:19.920251511Z docker Study
2022-02-09T01:49:20.922077457Z docker Study
2022-02-09T01:49:21.923938479Z docker Study
2022-02-09T01:49:22.925857468Z docker Study
2022-02-09T01:49:23.927790121Z docker Study
2022-02-09T01:49:24.929703095Z docker Study
2022-02-09T01:49:25.931556634Z docker Study
2022-02-09T01:49:26.933378454Z docker Study
2022-02-09T01:49:27.935238410Z docker Study
2022-02-09T01:49:28.937185684Z docker Study
2022-02-09T01:49:29.939224225Z docker Study
2022-02-09T01:49:30.941434743Z docker Study
2022-02-09T01:49:31.943425141Z docker Study
^C
[root@iZ8vb6lqqya4rvreq9ra6gZ ~]#
docker top
docker top 容器ID
查看容器中的进程信息。
具体使用:
[root@iZ8vb6lqqya4rvreq9ra6gZ yum.repos.d]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
f5dfecee13e4 centos "/bin/bash -c 'while…" 15 minutes ago Up 15 minutes hungry_ardinghelli
[root@iZ8vb6lqqya4rvreq9ra6gZ yum.repos.d]# docker top f5dfecee13e4
UID PID PPID C STIME TTY TIME CMD
root 20591 20569 0 09:48 ? 00:00:00 /bin/bash -c while true; do echo docker Study;sleep 1;done
root 21620 20591 0 10:04 ? 00:00:00 /usr/bin/coreutils --coreutils-prog-shebang=sleep /usr/bin/sleep 1
[root@iZ8vb6lqqya4rvreq9ra6gZ yum.repos.d]#
docker inspect
docker inspect 容器ID
查看容器的元数据信息。
具体使用:
[root@iZ8vb6lqqya4rvreq9ra6gZ ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
f5dfecee13e4 centos "/bin/bash -c 'while…" 24 minutes ago Up 24 minutes hungry_ardinghelli
[root@iZ8vb6lqqya4rvreq9ra6gZ ~]# docker inspect f5dfecee13e4
[
{
"Id": "f5dfecee13e49a6f3e3068d429442f0291ec997721dec86ff08c099388dbc5e8",
"Created": "2022-02-09T01:48:55.657921841Z",
"Path": "/bin/bash",
"Args": [
"-c",
"while true; do echo docker Study;sleep 1;done"
],
"State": {
"Status": "running",
"Running": true,
"Paused": false,
"Restarting": false,
"OOMKilled": false,
"Dead": false,
"Pid": 20591,
"ExitCode": 0,
"Error": "",
"StartedAt": "2022-02-09T01:48:55.874657542Z",
"FinishedAt": "0001-01-01T00:00:00Z"
},
"Image": "sha256:5d0da3dc976460b72c77d94c8a1ad043720b0416bfc16c52c45d4847e53fadb6",
"ResolvConfPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/f5dfecee13e49a6f3e3068d429442f0291ec997721dec86ff08c099388dbc5e8/resolv.conf",
"HostnamePath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/f5dfecee13e49a6f3e3068d429442f0291ec997721dec86ff08c099388dbc5e8/hostname",
"HostsPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/f5dfecee13e49a6f3e3068d429442f0291ec997721dec86ff08c099388dbc5e8/hosts",
"LogPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/f5dfecee13e49a6f3e3068d429442f0291ec997721dec86ff08c099388dbc5e8/f5dfecee13e49a6f3e3068d429442f0291ec997721dec86ff08c099388dbc5e8-json.log",
"Name": "/hungry_ardinghelli",
"RestartCount": 0,
"Driver": "overlay2",
"Platform": "linux",
"MountLabel": "",
"ProcessLabel": "",
"AppArmorProfile": "",
"ExecIDs": null,
"HostConfig": {
"Binds": null,
"ContainerIDFile": "",
"LogConfig": {
"Type": "json-file",
"Config": {}
},
"NetworkMode": "default",
"PortBindings": {},
"RestartPolicy": {
"Name": "no",
"MaximumRetryCount": 0
},
"AutoRemove": false,
"VolumeDriver": "",
"VolumesFrom": null,
"CapAdd": null,
"CapDrop": null,
"CgroupnsMode": "host",
"Dns": [],
"DnsOptions": [],
"DnsSearch": [],
"ExtraHosts": null,
"GroupAdd": null,
"IpcMode": "private",
"Cgroup": "",
"Links": null,
"OomScoreAdj": 0,
"PidMode": "",
"Privileged": false,
"PublishAllPorts": false,
"ReadonlyRootfs": false,
"SecurityOpt": null,
"UTSMode": "",
"UsernsMode": "",
"ShmSize": 67108864,
"Runtime": "runc",
"ConsoleSize": [
0,
0
],
"Isolation": "",
"CpuShares": 0,
"Memory": 0,
"NanoCpus": 0,
"CgroupParent": "",
"BlkioWeight": 0,
"BlkioWeightDevice": [],
"BlkioDeviceReadBps": null,
"BlkioDeviceWriteBps": null,
"BlkioDeviceReadIOps": null,
"BlkioDeviceWriteIOps": null,
"CpuPeriod": 0,
"CpuQuota": 0,
"CpuRealtimePeriod": 0,
"CpuRealtimeRuntime": 0,
"CpusetCpus": "",
"CpusetMems": "",
"Devices": [],
"DeviceCgroupRules": null,
"DeviceRequests": null,
"KernelMemory": 0,
"KernelMemoryTCP": 0,
"MemoryReservation": 0,
"MemorySwap": 0,
"MemorySwappiness": null,
"OomKillDisable": false,
"PidsLimit": null,
"Ulimits": null,
"CpuCount": 0,
"CpuPercent": 0,
"IOMaximumIOps": 0,
"IOMaximumBandwidth": 0,
"MaskedPaths": [
"/proc/asound",
"/proc/acpi",
"/proc/kcore",
"/proc/keys",
"/proc/latency_stats",
"/proc/timer_list",
"/proc/timer_stats",
"/proc/sched_debug",
"/proc/scsi",
"/sys/firmware"
],
"ReadonlyPaths": [
"/proc/bus",
"/proc/fs",
"/proc/irq",
"/proc/sys",
"/proc/sysrq-trigger"
]
},
"GraphDriver": {
"Data": {
"LowerDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/52cc5c7613ebd634dca1461a9b92cc91e4d016f1ec99dd61da6abeeb920d80ce-init/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/ddf7995c9ece62ff1e94cfee5d7ab4b3bd2b91bf6ef53884acfe4bfa1633082c/diff",
"MergedDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/52cc5c7613ebd634dca1461a9b92cc91e4d016f1ec99dd61da6abeeb920d80ce/merged",
"UpperDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/52cc5c7613ebd634dca1461a9b92cc91e4d016f1ec99dd61da6abeeb920d80ce/diff",
"WorkDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/52cc5c7613ebd634dca1461a9b92cc91e4d016f1ec99dd61da6abeeb920d80ce/work"
},
"Name": "overlay2"
},
"Mounts": [],
"Config": {
"Hostname": "f5dfecee13e4",
"Domainname": "",
"User": "",
"AttachStdin": false,
"AttachStdout": false,
"AttachStderr": false,
"Tty": false,
"OpenStdin": false,
"StdinOnce": false,
"Env": [
"PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin"
],
"Cmd": [
"/bin/bash",
"-c",
"while true; do echo docker Study;sleep 1;done"
],
"Image": "centos",
"Volumes": null,
"WorkingDir": "",
"Entrypoint": null,
"OnBuild": null,
"Labels": {
"org.label-schema.build-date": "20210915",
"org.label-schema.license": "GPLv2",
"org.label-schema.name": "CentOS Base Image",
"org.label-schema.schema-version": "1.0",
"org.label-schema.vendor": "CentOS"
}
},
"NetworkSettings": {
"Bridge": "",
"SandboxID": "37eba1ed816a7fe4a034973275eb382ea048b9fe8190ecbc5eefa4500d31b83d",
"HairpinMode": false,
"LinkLocalIPv6Address": "",
"LinkLocalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
"Ports": {},
"SandboxKey": "/var/run/docker/netns/37eba1ed816a",
"SecondaryIPAddresses": null,
"SecondaryIPv6Addresses": null,
"EndpointID": "e2b05e425969c71efc799e9c9760d6a4c26360343461b13724afd554867a1bae",
"Gateway": "172.17.0.1",
"GlobalIPv6Address": "",
"GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
"IPAddress": "172.17.0.2",
"IPPrefixLen": 16,
"IPv6Gateway": "",
"MacAddress": "02:42:ac:11:00:02",
"Networks": {
"bridge": {
"IPAMConfig": null,
"Links": null,
"Aliases": null,
"NetworkID": "3cbfdc6d80e8557e9db9d94e718406866c8c96e50d16614f6c2c71d5d9e17a1c",
"EndpointID": "e2b05e425969c71efc799e9c9760d6a4c26360343461b13724afd554867a1bae",
"Gateway": "172.17.0.1",
"IPAddress": "172.17.0.2",
"IPPrefixLen": 16,
"IPv6Gateway": "",
"GlobalIPv6Address": "",
"GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
"MacAddress": "02:42:ac:11:00:02",
"DriverOpts": null
}
}
}
}
]
[root@iZ8vb6lqqya4rvreq9ra6gZ ~]#
docker exec
docker exec -it 容器ID /bin/bash
进入正在运行的容器。
具体使用:
[root@iZ8vb6lqqya4rvreq9ra6gZ ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
f5dfecee13e4 centos "/bin/bash -c 'while…" 2 hours ago Up 2 hours hungry_ardinghelli
# 进入容器
[root@iZ8vb6lqqya4rvreq9ra6gZ ~]# docker exec -it f5dfecee13e4 /bin/bash
[root@f5dfecee13e4 /]# ls
bin dev etc home lib lib64 lost+found media mnt opt proc root run sbin srv sys tmp usr var
[root@f5dfecee13e4 /]# exit
exit
[root@iZ8vb6lqqya4rvreq9ra6gZ ~]#
docker attach
docker attach 容器ID
进入正在运行的容器。
具体使用:
[root@iZ8vb6lqqya4rvreq9ra6gZ ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
f5dfecee13e4 centos "/bin/bash -c 'while…" 6 hours ago Up 6 hours hungry_ardinghelli
[root@iZ8vb6lqqya4rvreq9ra6gZ ~]# docker attach f5dfecee13e4
docker Study
docker Study
docker Study
docker Study
docker Study
docker Study
docker Study
docker Study
docker exec 与 docker attach 区别
docker exec
进入容器后,开启一个新的终端,可以在里面进行操作(常用)
docker attach
进入容器正在执行的终端,不会启动新的进程。
docker cp
docker cp 容器ID:文件目录 宿主机路径
将容器中的文件,从容器内拷贝到宿主机中。
具体使用:
# 1.查看当前运行到容器
[root@iZ8vb6lqqya4rvreq9ra6gZ ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
f5dfecee13e4 centos "/bin/bash -c 'while…" 6 hours ago Up 6 hours hungry_ardinghelli
# 2.打开宿主机home目录
[root@iZ8vb6lqqya4rvreq9ra6gZ ~]# cd /home/
# 3.查看宿主机home目录下的文件,现在是没有任何文件的
[root@iZ8vb6lqqya4rvreq9ra6gZ home]# ls
# 4.进入f5dfecee13e4容器内
[root@iZ8vb6lqqya4rvreq9ra6gZ home]# docker exec -it f5dfecee13e4 /bin/bash
# 5.打开容器内的home目录
[root@f5dfecee13e4 /]# cd home/
# 6.查看容器内home目录下的文件,现在是没有任何文件的
[root@f5dfecee13e4 home]# ls
# 7.在容器内home目录下,创建一个文件:docker.java
[root@f5dfecee13e4 home]# touch docker.java
# 8.查看容器内home目录下的文件,现在有了docker.java
[root@f5dfecee13e4 home]# ls
docker.java
# 9.退出容器
[root@f5dfecee13e4 home]# exit
exit
# 10.拷贝容器中的docker.java文件到宿主机的home目录下
[root@iZ8vb6lqqya4rvreq9ra6gZ home]# docker cp f5dfecee13e4:/home/docker.java /home/
# 11.查看宿主机home目录下是否出现了docker.java
[root@iZ8vb6lqqya4rvreq9ra6gZ home]# pwd
/home
[root@iZ8vb6lqqya4rvreq9ra6gZ home]# ls
docker.java
[root@iZ8vb6lqqya4rvreq9ra6gZ home]#