前言

Spring事务详解连载

【Spring事务详解】— 1.事务传播的案例演示
【Spring事务详解】— 2.事务应用的注意事项
【Spring事务详解】— 3.事务失效的八种场景
【Spring事务详解】— 4.事务管理器的架构分析
【Spring事务详解】— 5.事务管理器TransactionSynchronizationManager分析
【Spring事务详解】— 6.事务创建的流程分析

Spring中定义事务核心流程最关键的类就是AbstractPlatformTransactionManager，这是一个抽象类，通过模板方法的方式定义了Spring的标准事务处理流程，是其他具体事务管理平台实现的基础。

本篇主要针对事务创建的流程做分析。

getTransaction

getTransaction方法中，定义获取一个事务时的主干流程，包含获取事务、开启事务、设置事务的隔离级别、状态、只读属性、以及前面文章中提到过的TransactionSynchronizationManager类中六个ThreadLocal变量的设置。

@Override
public final TransactionStatus getTransaction(@Nullable TransactionDefinition definition)
		throws TransactionException {
	// Use defaults if no transaction definition given.
	TransactionDefinition def = (definition != null ? definition : TransactionDefinition.withDefaults());
	// 获取事务，这是一个抽象方法，交由子类去实现，获取具体的事务对象，比如DataSourceTransactionObject、JpaTransactionObject等
	Object transaction = doGetTransaction();
	boolean debugEnabled = logger.isDebugEnabled();
	// 判断当前线程是否已经存在事务，如果存在则会根据事务传播属性来处理
	if (isExistingTransaction(transaction)) {
		// Existing transaction found -> check propagation behavior to find out how to behave.
		return handleExistingTransaction(def, transaction, debugEnabled);
	}
	// Check definition settings for new transaction.
	if (def.getTimeout() < TransactionDefinition.TIMEOUT_DEFAULT) {
		throw new InvalidTimeoutException("Invalid transaction timeout", def.getTimeout());
	}
	// 下面这些逻辑，可以看到针对一些特定的传播属性是如何处理的，比如对于PROPAGATION_MANDATORY，则当前不存在事务就抛出异常
	// No existing transaction found -> check propagation behavior to find out how to proceed.
	if (def.getPropagationBehavior() == TransactionDefinition.PROPAGATION_MANDATORY) {
		throw new IllegalTransactionStateException(
				"No existing transaction found for transaction marked with propagation 'mandatory'");
	}
	else if (def.getPropagationBehavior() == TransactionDefinition.PROPAGATION_REQUIRED ||
			def.getPropagationBehavior() == TransactionDefinition.PROPAGATION_REQUIRES_NEW ||
			def.getPropagationBehavior() == TransactionDefinition.PROPAGATION_NESTED) {
		SuspendedResourcesHolder suspendedResources = suspend(null);
		if (debugEnabled) {
			logger.debug("Creating new transaction with name [" + def.getName() + "]: " + def);
		}
		try {
			// 开始一个新的事务
			return startTransaction(def, transaction, debugEnabled, suspendedResources);
		}
		catch (RuntimeException | Error ex) {
			resume(null, suspendedResources);
			throw ex;
		}
	}
	else {
		// Create "empty" transaction: no actual transaction, but potentially synchronization.
		if (def.getIsolationLevel() != TransactionDefinition.ISOLATION_DEFAULT && logger.isWarnEnabled()) {
			logger.warn("Custom isolation level specified but no actual transaction initiated; " +
					"isolation level will effectively be ignored: " + def);
		}
		boolean newSynchronization = (getTransactionSynchronization() == SYNCHRONIZATION_ALWAYS);
		// startTransaction方法中也会调用，主要就是保存TransactionSynchronizationManager的ThreadLocal属性
		return prepareTransactionStatus(def, null, true, newSynchronization, debugEnabled, null);
	}
}

startTransaction

开启一个新的事务，核心业务逻辑也是由子类实现

private TransactionStatus startTransaction(TransactionDefinition definition, Object transaction,
		boolean debugEnabled, @Nullable SuspendedResourcesHolder suspendedResources) {
	boolean newSynchronization = (getTransactionSynchronization() != SYNCHRONIZATION_NEVER);
	DefaultTransactionStatus status = newTransactionStatus(
			definition, transaction, true, newSynchronization, debugEnabled, suspendedResources);
	// 抽象方法，主要负责事务的创建工作，具体交由子类实现，比如DataSourceTransactionManager、JpaTransactionManager
	doBegin(transaction, definition);
	prepareSynchronization(status, definition);
	return status;
}

prepareSynchronization

protected void prepareSynchronization(DefaultTransactionStatus status, TransactionDefinition definition) {
	if (status.isNewSynchronization()) {
		TransactionSynchronizationManager.setActualTransactionActive(status.hasTransaction());
		TransactionSynchronizationManager.setCurrentTransactionIsolationLevel(
				definition.getIsolationLevel() != TransactionDefinition.ISOLATION_DEFAULT ?
						definition.getIsolationLevel() : null);
		TransactionSynchronizationManager.setCurrentTransactionReadOnly(definition.isReadOnly());
		TransactionSynchronizationManager.setCurrentTransactionName(definition.getName());
		TransactionSynchronizationManager.initSynchronization();
	}
}

TransactionStatus

最后getTransaction方法就是返回一个TransactionStatus对象，TransactionStatus是一个接口，具体的实现类比如有：DefaultTransactionStatus，它主要用来保存事务处理时需要的基本信息，比如前面提到的事务对象。

handleExistingTransaction

handleExistingTransaction方法可以帮你搞清在不同的事务传播属性下，是如何进行处理的

private TransactionStatus handleExistingTransaction(
		TransactionDefinition definition, Object transaction, boolean debugEnabled)
		throws TransactionException {
	if (definition.getPropagationBehavior() == TransactionDefinition.PROPAGATION_NEVER) {
		throw new IllegalTransactionStateException(
				"Existing transaction found for transaction marked with propagation 'never'");
	}
	if (definition.getPropagationBehavior() == TransactionDefinition.PROPAGATION_NOT_SUPPORTED) {
		if (debugEnabled) {
			logger.debug("Suspending current transaction");
		}
		Object suspendedResources = suspend(transaction);
		boolean newSynchronization = (getTransactionSynchronization() == SYNCHRONIZATION_ALWAYS);
		return prepareTransactionStatus(
				definition, null, false, newSynchronization, debugEnabled, suspendedResources);
	}
	if (definition.getPropagationBehavior() == TransactionDefinition.PROPAGATION_REQUIRES_NEW) {
		if (debugEnabled) {
			logger.debug("Suspending current transaction, creating new transaction with name [" +
					definition.getName() + "]");
		}
		SuspendedResourcesHolder suspendedResources = suspend(transaction);
		try {
			return startTransaction(definition, transaction, debugEnabled, suspendedResources);
		}
		catch (RuntimeException | Error beginEx) {
			resumeAfterBeginException(transaction, suspendedResources, beginEx);
			throw beginEx;
		}
	}
	if (definition.getPropagationBehavior() == TransactionDefinition.PROPAGATION_NESTED) {
		if (!isNestedTransactionAllowed()) {
			throw new NestedTransactionNotSupportedException(
					"Transaction manager does not allow nested transactions by default - " +
					"specify 'nestedTransactionAllowed' property with value 'true'");
		}
		if (debugEnabled) {
			logger.debug("Creating nested transaction with name [" + definition.getName() + "]");
		}
		if (useSavepointForNestedTransaction()) {
			// Create savepoint within existing Spring-managed transaction,
			// through the SavepointManager API implemented by TransactionStatus.
			// Usually uses JDBC 3.0 savepoints. Never activates Spring synchronization.
			DefaultTransactionStatus status =
					prepareTransactionStatus(definition, transaction, false, false, debugEnabled, null);
			status.createAndHoldSavepoint();
			return status;
		}
		else {
			// Nested transaction through nested begin and commit/rollback calls.
			// Usually only for JTA: Spring synchronization might get activated here
			// in case of a pre-existing JTA transaction.
			return startTransaction(definition, transaction, debugEnabled, null);
		}
	}
	// Assumably PROPAGATION_SUPPORTS or PROPAGATION_REQUIRED.
	if (debugEnabled) {
		logger.debug("Participating in existing transaction");
	}
	if (isValidateExistingTransaction()) {
		if (definition.getIsolationLevel() != TransactionDefinition.ISOLATION_DEFAULT) {
			Integer currentIsolationLevel = TransactionSynchronizationManager.getCurrentTransactionIsolationLevel();
			if (currentIsolationLevel == null || currentIsolationLevel != definition.getIsolationLevel()) {
				Constants isoConstants = DefaultTransactionDefinition.constants;
				throw new IllegalTransactionStateException("Participating transaction with definition [" +
						definition + "] specifies isolation level which is incompatible with existing transaction: " +
						(currentIsolationLevel != null ?
								isoConstants.toCode(currentIsolationLevel, DefaultTransactionDefinition.PREFIX_ISOLATION) :
								"(unknown)"));
			}
		}
		if (!definition.isReadOnly()) {
			if (TransactionSynchronizationManager.isCurrentTransactionReadOnly()) {
				throw new IllegalTransactionStateException("Participating transaction with definition [" +
						definition + "] is not marked as read-only but existing transaction is");
			}
		}
	}
	boolean newSynchronization = (getTransactionSynchronization() != SYNCHRONIZATION_NEVER);
	return prepareTransactionStatus(definition, transaction, false, newSynchronization, debugEnabled, null);
}

suspend

挂起一个事务，实际上具体的挂起处理还是由具体的子类去完成，返回值SuspendedResourcesHolder也会作为DefaultTransactionStatus类的一个属性。

@Nullable
protected final SuspendedResourcesHolder suspend(@Nullable Object transaction) throws TransactionException {
	if (TransactionSynchronizationManager.isSynchronizationActive()) {
		List<TransactionSynchronization> suspendedSynchronizations = doSuspendSynchronization();
		try {
			Object suspendedResources = null;
			if (transaction != null) {
				// 抽象方法，具体的挂起处理由子类实现
				suspendedResources = doSuspend(transaction);
			}
			// 重置ThreadLocal值
			String name = TransactionSynchronizationManager.getCurrentTransactionName();
			TransactionSynchronizationManager.setCurrentTransactionName(null);
			boolean readOnly = TransactionSynchronizationManager.isCurrentTransactionReadOnly();
			TransactionSynchronizationManager.setCurrentTransactionReadOnly(false);
			Integer isolationLevel = TransactionSynchronizationManager.getCurrentTransactionIsolationLevel();
			TransactionSynchronizationManager.setCurrentTransactionIsolationLevel(null);
			boolean wasActive = TransactionSynchronizationManager.isActualTransactionActive();
			TransactionSynchronizationManager.setActualTransactionActive(false);
			return new SuspendedResourcesHolder(
					suspendedResources, suspendedSynchronizations, name, readOnly, isolationLevel, wasActive);
		}
		catch (RuntimeException | Error ex) {
			// doSuspend failed - original transaction is still active...
			doResumeSynchronization(suspendedSynchronizations);
			throw ex;
		}
	}
	else if (transaction != null) {
		// Transaction active but no synchronization active.
		Object suspendedResources = doSuspend(transaction);
		return new SuspendedResourcesHolder(suspendedResources);
	}
	else {
		// Neither transaction nor synchronization active.
		return null;
	}
}