使用Java发送邮件的多种方案实现

在项目开发中，偶尔会遇到一些业务需要使用到发送邮件的功能，比如在一些平台上面会以邮箱作为用户标识进行注册，然后找回密码也会选择使用邮箱的方案，这里总结了几种常见的使用java代码发送邮件的方案：

    /*
      发送邮件（方案1）:
      <dependency>
       <groupId>javax.mail</groupId>
       <artifactId>mail</artifactId>
       <version>1.4</version>
      </dependency>
     */

    /*
      发送邮件（方案2）:
      <dependency>
          <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
          <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-mail</artifactId>
      </dependency>
     */

    /*
      发送邮件（方案3）:
      使用Apache Commons Email
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.apache.commons</groupId>
            <artifactId>commons-email</artifactId>
            <version>1.5</version>
        </dependency>
     */

    /*
      发送邮件（方案4）:
      JavaMail API
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.sun.mail</groupId>
            <artifactId>javax.mail</artifactId>
            <version>1.6.2</version>
        </dependency>
     */

    /*
      发送邮件（方案5）:
      使用Thymeleaf与Spring Boot结合发送HTML邮件
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-thymeleaf</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-mail</artifactId>
        </dependency>
     */
   话不多说，上代码：

package com.cetide.demo.control;


import org.apache.commons.mail.EmailException;
import org.apache.commons.mail.HtmlEmail;
import org.apache.commons.mail.SimpleEmail;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.mail.SimpleMailMessage;
import org.springframework.mail.javamail.JavaMailSender;
import org.springframework.mail.javamail.MimeMessageHelper;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestParam;
import org.thymeleaf.TemplateEngine;
import org.thymeleaf.context.Context;

import javax.mail.*;
import javax.mail.internet.InternetAddress;
import javax.mail.internet.MimeMessage;
import java.util.Properties;

@Controller
public class EmailController {
    /*
      发送邮件（方案1）:
      <dependency>
       <groupId>javax.mail</groupId>
       <artifactId>mail</artifactId>
       <version>1.4</version>
      </dependency>
     */
    public void sendMailByJavaxEmail(String email,String code){
        try {
            final String SSL_FACTORY = "javax.net.ssl.SSLSocketFactory";

            //配置邮箱信息
            Properties props = System.getProperties();
            //邮件服务器
            props.setProperty("mail.smtp.host", "smtp.qq.com");
            props.setProperty("mail.smtp.socketFactory.class", SSL_FACTORY);
            props.setProperty("mail.smtp.socketFactory.fallback", "false");
            //邮件服务器端口
            props.setProperty("mail.smtp.port", "465");
            props.setProperty("mail.smtp.socketFactory.port", "465");
            //鉴权信息
            props.setProperty("mail.smtp.auth", "true");
            //建立邮件会话
            Session session = Session.getDefaultInstance(props, new Authenticator() {
                //身份认证
                protected PasswordAuthentication getPasswordAuthentication() {
                    //1.账户 授权码
                    return new PasswordAuthentication("1147683258@qq.com", "bsfyppqvhrqqecgj");
                }
            });
            //建立邮件对象
            MimeMessage message = new MimeMessage(session);
            //设置邮件的发件人
            message.setFrom(new InternetAddress("1147683258@qq.com"));
            //2.设置邮件的收件人
            message.setRecipients(Message.RecipientType.TO, email);
            //设置邮件的主题
            message.setSubject("来自Cetide网的信息");
            //文本部分
            message.setContent("收到您的登录请求发送验证码"+code, "text/html;charset=UTF-8");
            message.saveChanges();
            //发送邮件
            Transport.send(message);
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
    /*
      发送邮件（方案2）:
      <dependency>
          <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
          <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-mail</artifactId>
      </dependency>
     */
    //spring:
    //  mail:
    //    host: smtp.example.com  # SMTP 服务器地址
    //    port: 587  # SMTP 端口号
    //    username: your-email@example.com  # 邮箱账户
    //    password: your-password  # 邮箱密码
    //    properties:
    //      mail:
    //        smtp:
    //          auth: true
    //          starttls.enable: true  # 启用 STARTTLS
    @Autowired
    private JavaMailSender mailSender;
    public void sendErrorEmail(String message) {
        try {
            SimpleMailMessage email = new SimpleMailMessage();
            email.setTo("admin@example.com");  // 管理员邮箱
            email.setSubject("Database Initialization Error");
            email.setText("An error occurred during database initialization:\n" + message);
            mailSender.send(email);
            System.out.println("Error email sent successfully.");
        } catch (Exception e) {
            System.err.println("Failed to send error email: " + e.getMessage());
        }
    }

    /*
      发送邮件（方案3）:
      使用Apache Commons Email
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.apache.commons</groupId>
            <artifactId>commons-email</artifactId>
            <version>1.5</version>
        </dependency>
     */
    // 发送简单的文本邮件
    public void sendSimpleEmail(String subject, String message, String toEmail) {
        try {
            // 创建SimpleEmail对象并设置基本信息
            SimpleEmail email = new SimpleEmail();
            email.setHostName("smtp.example.com"); // 设置SMTP服务器地址
            email.setSmtpPort(587); // SMTP服务器端口
            email.setAuthentication("your_email@example.com", "your_password"); // SMTP用户名和密码
            email.setSSLOnConnect(true); // 启用SSL

            // 设置邮件的发送人、收件人、主题和内容
            email.setFrom("your_email@example.com", "Your Name"); // 发件人地址和姓名
            email.addTo(toEmail); // 收件人地址
            email.setSubject(subject); // 邮件主题
            email.setMsg(message); // 邮件内容

            // 发送邮件
            email.send();
            System.out.println("Email sent successfully to " + toEmail);
        } catch (EmailException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
            System.err.println("Failed to send email: " + e.getMessage());
        }
    }

    // 发送HTML邮件的示例
    public void sendHtmlEmail(String subject, String htmlMessage, String toEmail) {
        try {
            // 创建HtmlEmail对象并设置基本信息
            HtmlEmail email = new HtmlEmail();
            email.setHostName("smtp.example.com"); // 设置SMTP服务器地址
            email.setSmtpPort(587); // SMTP服务器端口
            email.setAuthentication("your_email@example.com", "your_password"); // SMTP用户名和密码
            email.setSSLOnConnect(true); // 启用SSL

            // 设置邮件的发送人、收件人、主题和内容
            email.setFrom("your_email@example.com", "Your Name"); // 发件人地址和姓名
            email.addTo(toEmail); // 收件人地址
            email.setSubject(subject); // 邮件主题
            email.setHtmlMsg(htmlMessage); // 邮件内容（HTML格式）

            // 发送邮件
            email.send();
            System.out.println("HTML Email sent successfully to " + toEmail);
        } catch (EmailException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
            System.err.println("Failed to send HTML email: " + e.getMessage());
        }
    }
    /*
      发送邮件（方案4）:
      JavaMail API
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.sun.mail</groupId>
            <artifactId>javax.mail</artifactId>
            <version>1.6.2</version>
        </dependency>
     */
    private final String smtpHost = "smtp.example.com"; // SMTP 服务器地址
    private final int smtpPort = 587; // SMTP 端口
    private final String username = "your_email@example.com"; // 发送邮箱
    private final String password = "your_password"; // 邮箱密码

    public void sendSimpleEmailBySunMail(String toEmail, String subject, String messageText) {
        // 配置邮件会话属性
        Properties properties = new Properties();
        properties.put("mail.smtp.auth", "true");
        properties.put("mail.smtp.starttls.enable", "true");
        properties.put("mail.smtp.host", smtpHost);
        properties.put("mail.smtp.port", smtpPort);

        // 创建会话对象
        Session session = Session.getInstance(properties, new javax.mail.Authenticator() {
            protected javax.mail.PasswordAuthentication getPasswordAuthentication() {
                return new javax.mail.PasswordAuthentication(username, password);
            }
        });

        try {
            // 创建邮件对象
            Message message = new MimeMessage(session);
            message.setFrom(new InternetAddress(username));
            message.setRecipients(Message.RecipientType.TO, InternetAddress.parse(toEmail));
            message.setSubject(subject);
            message.setText(messageText);

            // 发送邮件
            Transport.send(message);
            System.out.println("Email sent successfully to " + toEmail);
        } catch (MessagingException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
            System.err.println("Failed to send email: " + e.getMessage());
        }
    }
    public void sendHtmlEmailBySunMail(String toEmail, String subject, String htmlContent) {
        // 配置邮件会话属性
        Properties properties = new Properties();
        properties.put("mail.smtp.auth", "true");
        properties.put("mail.smtp.starttls.enable", "true");
        properties.put("mail.smtp.host", smtpHost);
        properties.put("mail.smtp.port", smtpPort);

        // 创建会话对象
        Session session = Session.getInstance(properties, new javax.mail.Authenticator() {
            protected javax.mail.PasswordAuthentication getPasswordAuthentication() {
                return new javax.mail.PasswordAuthentication(username, password);
            }
        });

        try {
            // 创建邮件对象
            Message message = new MimeMessage(session);
            message.setFrom(new InternetAddress(username));
            message.setRecipients(Message.RecipientType.TO, InternetAddress.parse(toEmail));
            message.setSubject(subject);
            message.setContent(htmlContent, "text/html");

            // 发送邮件
            Transport.send(message);
            System.out.println("HTML Email sent successfully to " + toEmail);
        } catch (MessagingException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
            System.err.println("Failed to send HTML email: " + e.getMessage());
        }
    }
    /*
      发送邮件（方案5）:
      使用Thymeleaf与Spring Boot结合发送HTML邮件
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-thymeleaf</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-mail</artifactId>
        </dependency>
     */
    @GetMapping("/sendThymeleafEmail")
    public String sendThymeleafEmail(@RequestParam String toEmail) {
        sendHtmlEmail(toEmail, "Test Thymeleaf Email", "John Doe", "This is a test email using Thymeleaf.");
        return "Thymeleaf email sent successfully to " + toEmail;
    }

    @Autowired
    private TemplateEngine templateEngine;

    public void sendHtmlEmail(String toEmail, String subject, String name, String message) {
        try {
            // 创建MimeMessage对象
            MimeMessage mimeMessage = mailSender.createMimeMessage();
            MimeMessageHelper helper = new MimeMessageHelper(mimeMessage, true);

            // 设置邮件发送人、收件人、主题
            helper.setFrom("your_email@example.com");
            helper.setTo(toEmail);
            helper.setSubject(subject);

            // 创建邮件的 HTML 内容
            Context context = new Context();
            context.setVariable("name", name);
            context.setVariable("message", message);
            String htmlContent = templateEngine.process("email-template", context);

            // 设置邮件内容
            helper.setText(htmlContent, true);

            // 发送邮件
            mailSender.send(mimeMessage);
            System.out.println("HTML email sent successfully to " + toEmail);
        } catch (MessagingException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
            System.err.println("Failed to send HTML email: " + e.getMessage());
        }
    }
}

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Email</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1 th:text="'Hello, ' + ${name} + '!'">Hello, John!</h1>
<p>We wanted to let you know about an important update:</p>
<p th:text="${message}">This is a sample email message.</p>
<p>Thank you!</p>
</body>
</html>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-thymeleaf</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.sun.mail</groupId>
            <artifactId>javax.mail</artifactId>
            <version>1.6.2</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.apache.commons</groupId>
            <artifactId>commons-email</artifactId>
            <version>1.5</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>javax.mail</groupId>
            <artifactId>mail</artifactId>
            <version>1.4</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-mail</artifactId>
        </dependency>