1. 引言
什么是贪吃蛇?
贪吃蛇(Snake)是一款经典的街机游戏,玩家通过控制蛇的移动方向来吃食物,每吃一个食物,蛇的长度会增加,游戏难度也会逐渐提高。玩家需要避免碰到墙壁或蛇自己的身体,游戏结束。
项目目标
本项目旨在通过C++编写一个基本的贪吃蛇游戏,通过这一过程,掌握基本的游戏开发技能,包括窗口管理、用户输入、界面渲染和游戏逻辑处理。
2. 开发环境设置
安装必要的软件
- C++编译器:建议使用GCC或Clang。
- IDE:建议使用Code::Blocks或Visual Studio。
- 图形库:使用简单直接的控制台输出(Windows API或ncurses库)。
创建项目
在IDE中创建一个新的C++项目,配置好编译器和链接器选项。
3. 基本框架
创建主函数
首先,我们需要一个主函数来启动游戏。
#include <iostream>
#include <conio.h>
#include <windows.h>
using namespace std;
bool gameOver;
const int width = 20;
const int height = 20;
int x, y, fruitX, fruitY, score;
int tailX[100], tailY[100];
int nTail;
enum eDirection { STOP = 0, LEFT, RIGHT, UP, DOWN };
eDirection dir;
void Setup() {
gameOver = false;
dir = STOP;
x = width / 2;
y = height / 2;
fruitX = rand() % width;
fruitY = rand() % height;
score = 0;
}
void Draw() {
system("cls"); // system("clear") for Linux
for (int i = 0; i < width + 2; i++)
cout << "#";
cout << endl;
for (int i = 0; i < height; i++) {
for (int j = 0; j < width; j++) {
if (j == 0)
cout << "#";
if (i == y && j == x)
cout << "O";
else if (i == fruitY && j == fruitX)
cout << "F";
else {
bool print = false;
for (int k = 0; k < nTail; k++) {
if (tailX[k] == j && tailY[k] == i) {
cout << "o";
print = true;
}
}
if (!print)
cout << " ";
}
if (j == width - 1)
cout << "#";
}
cout << endl;
}
for (int i = 0; i < width + 2; i++)
cout << "#";
cout << endl;
cout << "Score: " << score << endl;
}
void Input() {
if (_kbhit()) {
switch (_getch()) {
case 'a':
dir = LEFT;
break;
case 'd':
dir = RIGHT;
break;
case 'w':
dir = UP;
break;
case 's':
dir = DOWN;
break;
case 'x':
gameOver = true;
break;
}
}
}
void Logic() {
int prevX = tailX[0];
int prevY = tailY[0];
int prev2X, prev2Y;
tailX[0] = x;
tailY[0] = y;
for (int i = 1; i < nTail; i++) {
prev2X = tailX[i];
prev2Y = tailY[i];
tailX[i] = prevX;
tailY[i] = prevY;
prevX = prev2X;
prevY = prev2Y;
}
switch (dir) {
case LEFT:
x--;
break;
case RIGHT:
x++;
break;
case UP:
y--;
break;
case DOWN:
y++;
break;
default:
break;
}
if (x >= width) x = 0; else if (x < 0) x = width - 1;
if (y >= height) y = 0; else if (y < 0) y = height - 1;
for (int i = 0; i < nTail; i++)
if (tailX[i] == x && tailY[i] == y)
gameOver = true;
if (x == fruitX && y == fruitY) {
score += 10;
fruitX = rand() % width;
fruitY = rand() % height;
nTail++;
}
}
int main() {
Setup();
while (!gameOver) {
Draw();
Input();
Logic();
Sleep(10); // sleep(10) for Linux
}
return 0;
}
4. 渲染界面
通过Draw
函数,我们可以在控制台中绘制游戏界面,包括边界、蛇、和食物。
void Draw() {
system("cls"); // system("clear") for Linux
for (int i = 0; i < width + 2; i++)
cout << "#";
cout << endl;
for (int i = 0; i < height; i++) {
for (int j = 0; j < width; j++) {
if (j == 0)
cout << "#";
if (i == y && j == x)
cout << "O";
else if (i == fruitY && j == fruitX)
cout << "F";
else {
bool print = false;
for (int k = 0; k < nTail; k++) {
if (tailX[k] == j && tailY[k] == i) {
cout << "o";
print = true;
}
}
if (!print)
cout << " ";
}
if (j == width - 1)
cout << "#";
}
cout << endl;
}
for (int i = 0; i < width + 2; i++)
cout << "#";
cout << endl;
cout << "Score: " << score << endl;
}
5. 游戏逻辑
通过Input
和Logic
函数,我们可以处理用户输入并更新游戏状态。
void Input() {
if (_kbhit()) {
switch (_getch()) {
case 'a':
dir = LEFT;
break;
case 'd':
dir = RIGHT;
break;
case 'w':
dir = UP;
break;
case 's':
dir = DOWN;
break;
case 'x':
gameOver = true;
break;
}
}
}
void Logic() {
int prevX = tailX[0];
int prevY = tailY[0];
int prev2X, prev2Y;
tailX[0] = x;
tailY[0] = y;
for (int i = 1; i < nTail; i++) {
prev2X = tailX[i];
prev2Y = tailY[i];
tailX[i] = prevX;
tailY[i] = prevY;
prevX = prev2X;
prevY = prev2Y;
}
switch (dir) {
case LEFT:
x--;
break;
case RIGHT:
x++;
break;
case UP:
y--;
break;
case DOWN:
y++;
break;
default:
break;
}
if (x >= width) x = 0; else if (x < 0) x = width - 1;
if (y >= height) y = 0; else if (y < 0) y = height - 1;
for (int i = 0; i < nTail; i++)
if (tailX[i] == x && tailY[i] == y)
gameOver = true;
if (x == fruitX && y == fruitY) {
score += 10;
fruitX = rand() % width;
fruitY = rand() % height;
nTail++;
}
}
6. 用户输入
捕获键盘事件并控制蛇的方向。
void Input() {
if (_kbhit()) {
switch (_getch()) {
case 'a':
dir = LEFT;
break;
case 'd':
dir = RIGHT;
break;
case 'w':
dir = UP;
break;
case 's':
dir = DOWN;
break;
case 'x':
gameOver = true;
break;
}
}
}
7. 游戏循环
通过主函数中的循环来更新游戏状态和重绘界面。
int main() {
Setup();
while (!gameOver) {
Draw();
Input();
Logic();
Sleep(10); // sleep(10) for Linux
}
return 0;
}
8. 结束条件
当蛇撞到墙壁或自己的身体时,游戏结束。
void Logic() {
int prevX = tailX[0];
int prevY = tailY[0];
int prev2X, prev2Y;
tailX[0] = x;
tailY[0] = y;
for (int i = 1; i < nTail; i++) {
prev2X = tailX[i];
prev2Y = tailY[i];
tailX[i] = prevX;
tailY[i] = prevY;
prevX = prev2X;
prevY = prev2Y;
}
switch (dir) {
case LEFT:
x--;
break;
case RIGHT:
x++;
break;
case UP:
y--;
break;
case DOWN:
y++;
break;
default:
break;
}
if (x >= width) x = 0; else if (x < 0) x = width - 1;
if (y >= height) y = 0; else if (y < 0) y = height - 1;
for (int i = 0; i < nTail; i++)
if (tailX[i] == x && tailY[i] == y)
gameOver = true;
if (x == fruitX && y == fruitY) {
score += 10;
fruitX = rand() % width;
fruitY = rand() % height;
nTail++;
}
}
9. 附加功能
添加计分系统和难度设置。
10. 总结
通过这篇博文,我们介绍了如何通过C++编写一个基本的贪吃蛇游戏。我们从设置开发环境开始,逐步介绍了游戏的基本框架、界面渲染、游戏逻辑、用户输入和游戏循环。希望这篇博文能对你有所帮助。
完整代码示例
#include <iostream>
#include <conio.h>
#include <windows.h>
using namespace std;
bool gameOver;
const int width = 20;
const int height = 20;
int x, y, fruitX, fruitY, score;
int tailX[100], tailY[100];
int nTail;
enum eDirection { STOP = 0, LEFT, RIGHT, UP, DOWN };
eDirection dir;
void Setup() {
gameOver = false;
dir = STOP;
x = width / 2;
y = height / 2;
fruitX = rand() % width;
fruitY = rand() % height;
score = 0;
}
void Draw() {
system("cls"); // system("clear") for Linux
for (int i = 0; i < width + 2; i++)
cout << "#";
cout << endl;
for (int i = 0; i < height; i++) {
for (int j = 0; j < width; j++) {
if (j == 0)
cout << "#";
if (i == y && j == x)
cout << "O";
else if (i == fruitY && j == fruitX)
cout << "F";
else {
bool print = false;
for (int k = 0; k < nTail; k++) {
if (tailX[k] == j && tailY[k] == i) {
cout << "o";
print = true;
}
}
if (!print)
cout << " ";
}
if (j == width - 1)
cout << "#";
}
cout << endl;
}
for (int i = 0; i < width + 2; i++)
cout << "#";
cout << endl;
cout << "Score: " << score << endl;
}
void Input() {
if (_kbhit()) {
switch (_getch()) {
case 'a':
dir = LEFT;
break;
case 'd':
dir = RIGHT;
break;
case 'w':
dir = UP;
break;
case 's':
dir = DOWN;
break;
case 'x':
gameOver = true;
break;
}
}
}
void Logic() {
int prevX = tailX[0];
int prevY = tailY[0];
int prev2X, prev2Y;
tailX[0] = x;
tailY[0] = y;
for (int i = 1; i < nTail; i++) {
prev2X = tailX[i];
prev2Y = tailY[i];
tailX[i] = prevX;
tailY[i] = prevY;
prevX = prev2X;
prevY = prev2Y;
}
switch (dir) {
case LEFT:
x--;
break;
case RIGHT:
x++;
break;
case UP:
y--;
break;
case DOWN:
y++;
break;
default:
break;
}
if (x >= width) x = 0; else if (x < 0) x = width - 1;
if (y >= height) y = 0; else if (y < 0) y = height - 1;
for (int i = 0; i < nTail; i++)
if (tailX[i] == x && tailY[i] == y)
gameOver = true;
if (x == fruitX && y == fruitY) {
score += 10;
fruitX = rand() % width;
fruitY = rand() % height;
nTail++;
}
}
int main() {
Setup();
while (!gameOver) {
Draw();
Input();
Logic();
Sleep(10); // sleep(10) for Linux
}
return 0;
}