CH-9 管理你的数据-CFANZ编程社区

1、生成HTML表单：

CH-9 管理你的数据_python

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test_form.py实现：

#! /usr/local/bin/python3

import yate

print(yate.start_response('text/html'))
print(yate.do_form('add_timing_data.py', ['TimeValue'], text="Send"))

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yate.py实现：

from string import Template

def start_response(resp="text/html"):
    return('Content-type: ' + resp + '\n\n')

def include_header(the_title):
    with open('templates/header.html') as headf:
        head_text = headf.read()
    header = Template(head_text)
    return(header.substitute(title=the_title))

def include_footer(the_links):
    with open('templates/footer.html') as footf:
        foot_text = footf.read()
    link_string = ''
    for key in the_links:
        link_string += '<a href="' + the_links[key] + '">' + key + '</a>    '
    footer = Template(foot_text)
    return(footer.substitute(links=link_string))

def start_form(the_url, form_type="POST"):
    return('<form action="' + the_url + '" method="' + form_type + '">')

def end_form(submit_msg="Submit"):
    return('<p></p><input type=submit value="' + submit_msg + '">')

def radio_button(rb_name, rb_value):
    return('<input type="radio" name="' + rb_name +
                             '" value="' + rb_value + '"> ' + rb_value + '<br />')

def radio_button_id(rb_name, rb_value, rb_id):
    return('<input type="radio" name="' + rb_name +
                             '" value="' + str(rb_id) + '"> ' + rb_value + '<br />')

def u_list(items):
    u_string = '<ul>'
    for item in items:
        u_string += '<li>' + item + '</li>'
    u_string += '</ul>'
    return(u_string)

def header(header_text, header_level=2):
    return('<h' + str(header_level) + '>' + header_text +
           '</h' + str(header_level) + '>')

def para(para_text):
    return('<p>' + para_text + '</p>')

def create_inputs(inputs_list):
    html_inputs = ''
    for each_input in inputs_list:
        html_inputs = html_inputs + '<input type="Text" name="' + each_input + '" size=40>'
    return(html_inputs)

def do_form(name, the_inputs, method="POST", text="Submit"):
    with open('templates/form.html') as formf:
        form_text = formf.read()
    inputs = create_inputs(the_inputs)
    form = Template(form_text)
    return(form.substitute(cgi_name=name,
                           http_method=method,
                           list_of_inputs=inputs,
                           submit_text=text))

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form.html实现：

<form action="$cgi_name" method="$http_method">
Enter a timing value:
$list_of_inputs
<br />
<input type="Submit" value="$submit_text">
</form>

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add_timing_data.py实现：表单数据传送到该CGI脚步

#! /usr/local/bin/python3

import cgi 
import os 
import time 
import sys 
import yate

print(yate.start_response('text/plain'))

addr = os.environ['REMOTE_ADDR']
host = os.environ['REMOTE_HOST']
method = os.environ['REQUEST_METHOD']
cur_time = time.asctime(time.localtime())
print(host + ", " + addr + ", " + cur_time + ": " + method + ": ",
                end='', file=sys.stderr)

form = cgi.FieldStorage()
for each_form_item in form.keys():
    print(each_form_item + '->' + form[each_form_item].value,
                end=' ', file=sys.stderr)
print(file=sys.stderr)

print('OK.')

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以上实现了一个简单的数据输入表单，并且输入到表单的数据确实已经传送到服务器上的CGI脚本。

2、利用数据库

python 的数据库API：

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数据库API的相应Python代码：

import sqlite3

connection = sqlite3.connect('coachdata.sqlite')

cursor = connection.cursor()
cursor.execute("""SELECT DATA('NOW')""")
connection.commit()
connection.close()

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createDBtables.py实现：创建coachdata.sqlite数据库，包含空的athletes和timing_data两个表

import os
import sqlite3

connection = sqlite3.connect('coachdata.sqlite')

cursor = connection.cursor()
cursor.execute("""CREATE TABLE athletes (
                    id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY AUTOINCREMENT UNIQUE NOT NULL,
                    name TEXT NOT NULL,
                    dob DATE NOT NULL )""")
cursor.execute("""CREATE TABLE timing_data (
                    athlete_id INTEGER NOT NULL,
                    value TEXT NOT NULL,
                    FOREIGN KEY (athlete_id) REFERENCES athletes)""")

connection.commit()
connection.close()

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从pickle向SQLite传输数据：

initDBtables.py实现：它从现有模型的pickle中取得选手的数据，并将数据加载到新创建的SQLite数据库表中

import sqlite3

connection = sqlite3.connect('coachdata.sqlite')
cursor = connection.cursor()

import glob
import athletemodel

data_files = glob.glob("../data/*.txt")
athletes = athletemodel.put_to_store(data_files)

for each_ath in athletes:
    name = athletes[each_ath].name
    dob = athletes[each_ath].dob
    cursor.execute("INSERT INTO athletes (name, dob) VALUES (?, ?)", (name, dob))
    connection.commit()
    cursor.execute("SELECT id from athletes WHERE name=? AND dob=?", (name, dob))
    the_current_id = cursor.fetchone()[0]
    for each_time in athletes[each_ath].clean_data:
        cursor.execute("INSERT INTO timing_data (athlete_id, value) VALUES (?, ?)",
                       (the_current_id, each_time))
    connection.commit()

connection.close()

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athletemodel.py实现：

import pickle

from athletelist import AthleteList

def get_coach_data(filename):
    try:
        with open(filename) as f:
            data = f.readline()
        templ = data.strip().split(',')
        return(AthleteList(templ.pop(0), templ.pop(0), templ))
    except IOError as ioerr:
        print('File error (get_coach_data): ' + str(ioerr))
        return(None)

def put_to_store(files_list):
    all_athletes = {}
    for each_file in files_list:
        ath = get_coach_data(each_file)
        all_athletes[ath.name] = ath
    try:
        with open('athletes.pickle', 'wb') as athf:
            pickle.dump(all_athletes, athf)
    except IOError as ioerr:
        print('File error (put_and_store): ' + str(ioerr))
    return(all_athletes)

def get_from_store():
    all_athletes = {}
    try:
        with open('athletes.pickle', 'rb') as athf:
            all_athletes = pickle.load(athf)
    except IOError as ioerr:
        print('File error (get_from_store): ' + str(ioerr))
    return(all_athletes)

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athletelist.py实现：

class AthleteList(list):

    def __init__(self, a_name, a_dob=None, a_times=[]):
        list.__init__([])
        self.name = a_name
        self.dob = a_dob
        self.extend(a_times)

    @staticmethod
    def sanitize(time_string):
        if '-' in time_string:
            splitter = '-'
        elif ':' in time_string:
            splitter = ':'
        else:
            return(time_string)
        (mins, secs) = time_string.split(splitter)
        return(mins + '.' + secs)

    @property
    def top3(self):
        return(sorted(set([self.sanitize(t) for t in self]))[0:3])

    @property
    def clean_data(self):
        return(sorted(set([self.sanitize(t) for t in self])))

    @property
    def as_dict(self):
        return({'Name':  self.name,
                'DOB':   self.dob,
                'Top3':  self.top3})

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SQLite 数据管理工具：SQLite Manager 详见本网站随笔"SQLite Manager插件安装与使用（firefox）"

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SQLite 与现有的WEB应用（详见CH7-WEB开发章节）集成：

现在要使用SQLite，而不是pickle。

首先修改athletemodel.py模块代码：修改原来的模型

import sqlite3

db_name = 'coachdata.sqlite'

    #获得选手名字列表
def get_names_from_store():
    connection = sqlite3.connect(db_name)
    cursor = connection.cursor()
    results = cursor.execute("""SELECT name FROM athletes""")
    response = [row[0] for row in results.fetchall()]
    connection.close()
    return(response)

    #根据ID获得选手的详细信息
def get_athlete_from_id(athlete_id):
    connection = sqlite3.connect(db_name)
    cursor = connection.cursor()
    results = cursor.execute("""SELECT name, dob FROM athletes WHERE id=?""",
                                     (athlete_id,))
    (name, dob) = results.fetchone()
    results = cursor.execute("""SELECT value FROM timing_data WHERE athlete_id=?""",
                                     (athlete_id,))
    data = [row[0] for row in results.fetchall()]
    response = {'Name':   name,
                'DOB':    dob,
                'data':   data,
                'top3':   data[0:3]}
    connection.close()
    return(response)
    
    #获取选手名和ID
def get_namesID_from_store():
    connection = sqlite3.connect(db_name)
    cursor = connection.cursor()
    results = cursor.execute("""SELECT name, id FROM athletes""")
    response = results.fetchall()
    connection.close()
    return(response)

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模型转换成功！

现在修改各个CGI脚本来使用这个新的模型API：

generate_list.py修改为：

#! /usr/local/bin/python3

import athletemodel
import yate

athletes = athletemodel.get_namesID_from_store()

print(yate.start_response())
print(yate.include_header("The NUAC's List of Athletes"))
print(yate.start_form("generate_timing_data.py"))
print(yate.para("Select an athlete from the list to work with:"))
for each_athlete in sorted(athletes):
    print(yate.radio_button_id("which_athlete", each_athlete[0], each_athlete[1]))
print(yate.end_form("Select"))
print(yate.include_footer({"Home": "/index.html"}))

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generate_timing_data.py修改为：

#! /usr/local/bin/python3

import cgi
import athletemodel
import yate

form_data = cgi.FieldStorage()
athlete_id = form_data['which_athlete'].value
athlete = athletemodel.get_athlete_from_id(athlete_id)

print(yate.start_response())
print(yate.include_header("NUAC's Timing Data"))    
print(yate.header("Athlete: " + athlete['Name'] + ", DOB: " + athlete['DOB'] + "."))
print(yate.para("The top times for this athlete are:"))
print(yate.u_list(athlete['top3']))
print(yate.para("The entire set of timing data is: " + str(athlete['data']) +
                    " (duplicates removed)."))
print(yate.include_footer({"Home": "/index.html", "Select another athlete": "generate_list.py"}))

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将SQLite数据库移至WEB应用的顶层目录（index.html所在目录），

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index.html实现：

<html>
<head>
<title>Welcome to the National Underage Athetics Committee's Website</title>
<link type="text/css" rel="stylesheet" href="coach.css" />
</head>
<body>
<img src="images/nuac-group.jpg">
<h1>Welcome to the NUAC's Website.</h1>
<p>
Here is our athlete's <a href="cgi-bin/generate_list.py">timing data</a>. Enjoy!
</p>
<p>
<strong>See you on the track!</strong>
</p>
</body>
</html>

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一切正常！！！

更新SQLite中的选手数据：

修改add_timing_data.py CGI脚本，将你提交的数据写至数据库，而不是写到WEB服务器的控制台屏幕

add_timing_data.py修改为：

#! /usr/local/bin/python3

import cgi
import sqlite3

import yate

print(yate.start_response('text/plain'))

form = cgi.FieldStorage()
the_id = form['Athlete'].value
the_time = form['Time'].value

connection = sqlite3.connect('coachdata.sqlite')
cursor = connection.cursor()
cursor.execute("INSERT INTO timing_data (athlete_id, value) VALUES (?, ?)",
                       (the_id, the_time))
connection.commit()
connection.close()

print('OK.')

View Code

test_form.py修改为：

#! /usr/local/bin/python3

import yate

print(yate.start_response('text/html'))
print(yate.do_form('add_timing_data.py', ['Athlete','Time'], text="Send"))

View Code

yate.py保持不变：

from string import Template

def start_response(resp="text/html"):
    return('Content-type: ' + resp + '\n\n')

def include_header(the_title):
    with open('templates/header.html') as headf:
        head_text = headf.read()
    header = Template(head_text)
    return(header.substitute(title=the_title))

def include_footer(the_links):
    with open('templates/footer.html') as footf:
        foot_text = footf.read()
    link_string = ''
    for key in the_links:
        link_string += '<a href="' + the_links[key] + '">' + key + '</a>    '
    footer = Template(foot_text)
    return(footer.substitute(links=link_string))

def start_form(the_url, form_type="POST"):
    return('<form action="' + the_url + '" method="' + form_type + '">')

def end_form(submit_msg="Submit"):
    return('<p></p><input type=submit value="' + submit_msg + '">')

def radio_button(rb_name, rb_value):
    return('<input type="radio" name="' + rb_name +
                             '" value="' + rb_value + '"> ' + rb_value + '<br />')

def radio_button_id(rb_name, rb_value, rb_id):
    return('<input type="radio" name="' + rb_name +
                             '" value="' + str(rb_id) + '"> ' + rb_value + '<br />')

def u_list(items):
    u_string = '<ul>'
    for item in items:
        u_string += '<li>' + item + '</li>'
    u_string += '</ul>'
    return(u_string)

def header(header_text, header_level=2):
    return('<h' + str(header_level) + '>' + header_text +
           '</h' + str(header_level) + '>')

def para(para_text):
    return('<p>' + para_text + '</p>')

def create_inputs(inputs_list):
    html_inputs = ''
    for each_input in inputs_list:
        html_inputs = html_inputs + '<input type="Text" name="' + each_input + '" size=40>'
    return(html_inputs)

def do_form(name, the_inputs, method="POST", text="Submit"):
    with open('templates/form.html') as formf:
        form_text = formf.read()
    inputs = create_inputs(the_inputs)
    form = Template(form_text)
    return(form.substitute(cgi_name=name,
                           http_method=method,
                           list_of_inputs=inputs,
                           submit_text=text))