1、自定义组件
- 组件其实就是自定义的标签
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本质上,组件是带有一个名字且可复用的 Vue 实例,我们完全可以自己定义。
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定义格式
Vue.component(组件名称, { props:组件的属性, data: 组件的数据函数, template: 组件解析的标签模板 })
- 代码实现
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0"> <title>自定义组件</title> <script src="vue/vue.js"></script> </head> <body> <div id="div"> <my-button>我的按钮</my-button> </div> </body> <script> Vue.component("my-button",{ // 属性 props:["style"], // 数据函数 data: function(){ return{ msg:"我的按钮" } }, //解析标签模板 template:"<button style='color:red'>{{msg}}</button>" }); new Vue({ el:"#div" }); </script> </html>
2、vue的生命周期
- 生命周期
- 生命周期的八个阶段
状态 阶段周期 beforeCreate 创建前 created 创建后 beforeMount 载入前 mounted 载入后 beforeUpdate 更新前 updated 更新后 beforeDestroy 销毁前 Destroyed 销毁后 - 代码实现
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0"> <title>生命周期</title> <script src="vue/vue.js"></script> </head> <body> <div id="app"> {{message}} </div> </body> <script> let vm = new Vue({ el: '#app', data: { message: 'Vue的生命周期' }, beforeCreate: function() { console.group('------beforeCreate创建前状态------'); console.log("%c%s", "color:red", "el : " + this.$el); //undefined console.log("%c%s", "color:red", "data : " + this.$data); //undefined console.log("%c%s", "color:red", "message: " + this.message);//undefined }, created: function() { console.group('------created创建完毕状态------'); console.log("%c%s", "color:red", "el : " + this.$el); //undefined console.log("%c%s", "color:red", "data : " + this.$data); //已被初始化 console.log("%c%s", "color:red", "message: " + this.message); //已被初始化 }, beforeMount: function() { console.group('------beforeMount挂载前状态------'); console.log("%c%s", "color:red", "el : " + (this.$el)); //已被初始化 console.log(this.$el); console.log("%c%s", "color:red", "data : " + this.$data); //已被初始化 console.log("%c%s", "color:red", "message: " + this.message); //已被初始化 }, mounted: function() { console.group('------mounted 挂载结束状态------'); console.log("%c%s", "color:red", "el : " + this.$el); //已被初始化 console.log(this.$el); console.log("%c%s", "color:red", "data : " + this.$data); //已被初始化 console.log("%c%s", "color:red", "message: " + this.message); //已被初始化 }, beforeUpdate: function() { console.group('beforeUpdate 更新前状态===============》'); let dom = document.getElementById("app").innerHTML; console.log(dom); console.log("%c%s", "color:red", "el : " + this.$el); console.log(this.$el); console.log("%c%s", "color:red", "data : " + this.$data); console.log("%c%s", "color:red", "message: " + this.message); }, updated: function() { console.group('updated 更新完成状态===============》'); let dom = document.getElementById("app").innerHTML; console.log(dom); console.log("%c%s", "color:red", "el : " + this.$el); console.log(this.$el); console.log("%c%s", "color:red", "data : " + this.$data); console.log("%c%s", "color:red", "message: " + this.message); }, beforeDestroy: function() { console.group('beforeDestroy 销毁前状态===============》'); console.log("%c%s", "color:red", "el : " + this.$el); console.log(this.$el); console.log("%c%s", "color:red", "data : " + this.$data); console.log("%c%s", "color:red", "message: " + this.message); }, destroyed: function() { console.group('destroyed 销毁完成状态===============》'); console.log("%c%s", "color:red", "el : " + this.$el); console.log(this.$el); console.log("%c%s", "color:red", "data : " + this.$data); console.log("%c%s", "color:red", "message: " + this.message); } }); // 销毁Vue对象 //vm.$destroy(); //vm.message = "hehe"; // 销毁后 Vue 实例会解绑所有内容 // 设置data中message数据值 vm.message = "good..."; </script> </html>
3、Vue异步操作
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在Vue中发送异步请求,本质上还是AJAX。我们可以使用axios这个插件来简化操作!
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使用步骤 1.引入axios核心js文件。 2.调用axios对象的方法来发起异步请求。 3.调用axios对象的方法来处理响应的数据。
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axios常用方法
方法名 作用 get(请求的资源路径与请求的参数) 发起GET方式请求 post(请求的资源路径,请求的参数) 发起POST方式请求 then(response) 请求成功后的回调函数,通过response获取响应的数据 catch(error) 请求失败后的回调函数,通过error获取错误信息 -
代码实现
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html代码
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>异步操作</title> <script src="js/vue.js"></script> <script src="js/axios-0.18.0.js"></script> </head> <body> <div id="div"> {{name}} <button @click="send()">发起请求</button> </div> </body> <script> new Vue({ el:"#div", data:{ name:"张三" }, methods:{ send(){ // GET方式请求 // axios.get("testServlet?name=" + this.name) // .then(resp => { // alert(resp.data); // }) // .catch(error => { // alert(error); // }) // POST方式请求 axios.post("testServlet","name="+this.name) .then(resp => { alert(resp.data); }) .catch(error => { alert(error); }) } } }); </script> </html>
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Java代码
import javax.servlet.ServletException; import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse; import java.io.IOException; @WebServlet("/testServlet") public class TestServlet extends HttpServlet { @Override protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException { //设置请求和响应的编码 req.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8"); resp.setContentType("text/html;charset=UTF-8"); //获取请求参数 String name = req.getParameter("name"); System.out.println(name); //响应客户端 resp.getWriter().write("请求成功"); } @Override protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException { this.doGet(req,resp); } }
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