【Julia】出坑笔记 - 连载

【Julia】出坑笔记 - 连载

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• ​​一、PyCall 安装失败​​
• ​​二、PyPlot 安装失败​​
• ​​三、解决pip使用异常No module named 'pip'​​
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一、PyCall 安装失败

julia> Pkg.build(“PyCall”)

┌ Error: Error building PyCall:
│ ┌ Info: Using the Python distribution in the Conda package by default.
│ └ To use a different Python version, set ENV[“PYTHON”]=“pythoncommand” and re-run Pkg.build(“PyCall”).

注意此处必须设置为​​python.exe​​ 的绝对路径，且需要加​​\\​​双斜杠,

​​ENV[“PYTHON”]=“D:\\Program Files\\Python\\Python38\\python.exe”​​

如下图，添加环境变量后重启julia即可

julia> using Pkg

julia> Pkg.build("PyCall")
   Building Conda ─→ `C:\Users\Administrator\.julia\packages\Conda\3rPhK\deps\build.log`
   Building PyCall → `C:\Users\Administrator\.julia\packages\PyCall\zqDXB\deps\build.log`

julia>

二、PyPlot 安装失败

失败的原因为 ​​Python​​​ 没有安装 ​​ModuleNotFoundError​​ 模块。

julia> using PyPlot
[ Info: Precompiling PyPlot [d330b81b-6aea-500a-939a-2ce795aea3ee]
ERROR: InitError: PyError (PyImport_ImportModule

The Python package matplotlib could not be found by pyimport. Usually this means
that you did not install matplotlib in the Python version being used by PyCall.

PyCall is currently configured to use the Python version at:

D:\Program Files\Python\Python38\python.exe

and you should use whatever mechanism you usually use (apt-get, pip, conda,
etcetera) to install the Python package containing the matplotlib module.

ModuleNotFoundError("No module named 'matplotlib'")

解决方法：

更新pip：​​python -m pip install -U pip setuptools​​

安装matplotlib：​​python -m pip install matplotlib​​

如果使用 pip 安装时网速慢，可以使用​​pip install -i https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple​​ 临时使用清华的源下载。

​​python -m pip install -i https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple -U pip setuptools​​

​​python -m pip install -i https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple matplotlib​​

C:\Users\Administrator>python -m pip install -U pip setuptools
Collecting pip
  Downloading pip-20.2.2-py2.py3-none-any.whl (1.5 MB)
     |████████████████████████████████| 1.5 MB 5.4 kB/s
Collecting setuptools
  Downloading setuptools-50.0.0-py3-none-any.whl (783 kB)
     |████████████████████████████████| 783 kB 4.2 kB/s
Installing collected packages: pip, setuptools
  Attempting uninstall: pip
    Found existing installation: pip 20.1.1
    Uninstalling pip-20.1.1:
      Successfully uninstalled pip-20.1.1
  Attempting uninstall: setuptools
    Found existing installation: setuptools 47.1.0
    Uninstalling setuptools-47.1.0:
      Successfully uninstalled setuptools-47.1.0
Successfully installed pip-20.2.2 setuptools-50.0.0

前面下载都是 几KB，切换清华的源，瞬间变为几M，快多了：

C:\Users\Administrator>python -m pip install -i https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple matplotlib
Looking in indexes: https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple
Collecting matplotlib
  Downloading https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/packages/9a/01/d93c5a577c7a1ce728c4a021b8e0ac9bb37dc7f355402f690bb0a2c61194/matplotlib-3.3.1-1-cp38-cp38-win_amd64.whl (8.9 MB)
     |████████████████████████████████| 8.9 MB 6.4 MB/s
Collecting certifi>=2020.06.20
  Downloading https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/packages/5e/c4/6c4fe722df5343c33226f0b4e0bb042e4dc13483228b4718baf286f86d87/certifi-2020.6.20-py2.py3-none-any.whl (156 kB)
     |████████████████████████████████| 156 kB 6.4 MB/s
Collecting python-dateutil>=2.1
  Downloading https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/packages/d4/70/d60450c3dd48ef87586924207ae8907090de0b306af2bce5d134d78615cb/python_dateutil-2.8.1-py2.py3-none-any.whl (227 kB)
     |████████████████████████████████| 227 kB 6.4 MB/s
Collecting numpy>=1.15
  Downloading https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/packages/c7/7d/ea9e28c3a99f50e77ee9a0e3759adb6537b2bb7a84aef27b8c0ddc431b48/numpy-1.19.1-cp38-cp38-win_amd64.whl (13.0 MB)
     |████████████████████████████████| 13.0 MB 6.4 MB/s
Collecting kiwisolver>=1.0.1
  Downloading https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/packages/37/97/cec83ff97d2c5190094e1331e32900b3c51623abbb1d8de229c119588375/kiwisolver-1.2.0-cp38-none-win_amd64.whl (58 kB)
     |████████████████████████████████| 58 kB 2.6 MB/s
Collecting cycler>=0.10
  Downloading https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/packages/f7/d2/e07d3ebb2bd7af696440ce7e754c59dd546ffe1bbe732c8ab68b9c834e61/cycler-0.10.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl (6.5 kB)
Collecting pyparsing!=2.0.4,!=2.1.2,!=2.1.6,>=2.0.3
  Downloading https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/packages/8a/bb/488841f56197b13700afd5658fc279a2025a39e22449b7cf29864669b15d/pyparsing-2.4.7-py2.py3-none-any.whl (67 kB)
     |████████████████████████████████| 67 kB 2.8 MB/s
Collecting pillow>=6.2.0
  Downloading https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/packages/91/d2/30ecd905746d1fee4004daae3f0051bf4b305bee1fe578bd7d1ea712d571/Pillow-7.2.0-cp38-cp38-win_amd64.whl (2.1 MB)
     |████████████████████████████████| 2.1 MB 6.8 MB/s
Collecting six>=1.5
  Downloading https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/packages/ee/ff/48bde5c0f013094d729fe4b0316ba2a24774b3ff1c52d924a8a4cb04078a/six-1.15.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl (10 kB)
Installing collected packages: certifi, six, python-dateutil, numpy, kiwisolver, cycler, pyparsing, pillow, matplotlib
Successfully installed certifi-2020.6.20 cycler-0.10.0 kiwisolver-1.2.0 matplotlib-3.3.1 numpy-1.19.1 pillow-7.2.0 pyparsing-2.4.7 python-dateutil-2.8.1 six-1.15.0

C:\Users\Administrator>

永久修改：

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• linux下，修改 ~/.pip/pip.conf (没有就创建一个)， 修改 ​​index-url​​至​​tuna​​，内容如下：
  ​​[global]​​​​index-url = https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple​​
• windows下，直接在user目录中创建一个pip目录，如：C:\Users\xx\pip，新建文件​​pip.ini​​，内容如下
  ​​[global]​​​​index-url = https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple​​
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三、解决pip使用异常No module named ‘pip’

使用 ​​python -m ensurepip​​ 自动修复。