Python xldr 读取xls 文件中时间格式处理

前言：个人测试正在入门，今天试着测试去哪儿网站，自己写了一个xls的文件用于存储出发地、目的地、出发时间、返回时间。在读取到返回时间时，在Pycharm运行输出是日期格式成了一个浮点数，我开始以为是读取成了格林尼治时间，预估是时间间隔。为了验证我试着计算1970年1月1日到出发时间之间的时间间隔，并不符合时间差；太扎心了老铁，这怎么换算咯？几番查阅资料，发现了解决方法，特做记录。

----解决方式，可以直接看第7点----

1、先给您看下我xls文件中的数据：

def read_excel(filename, index, ishead=False):
    xls = xlrd.open_workbook(filename)
    sheet = xls.sheet_by_index(index)
    print("date.today", date.today())
    data = []
    for i in range(sheet.nrows):
        print("----", sheet.row_values(i))
        if i == 0:
            if ishead:
                continue
        data.append(sheet.row_values(i))
    return data

data = read_excel("qunaer.xls", 0, True)

2、看运行输出结果：

3、现在我们来计算一下这两个日期相差的时间间隔，以第一条为例：

4、现在来判断表格中数据的数据类型

def read_excel(filename, index, ishead=False):
    xls = xlrd.open_workbook(filename)
    sheet = xls.sheet_by_index(index)
    print("date.today", date.today())

    # 判断数据类型
    for row in range(sheet.nrows):
        for col in range(sheet.ncols):
            print('--', sheet.cell(row, col), '--type:', sheet.cell(row, col).ctype)

    data = []
    for i in range(sheet.nrows):
        print("----", sheet.row_values(i))
        if i == 0:
            if ishead:
                continue
        data.append(sheet.row_values(i))
    return data

data = read_excel("qunaer.xls", 0, True)

 5、看运行输出结果（只截取了部分，可对比xls表格中前四行数据）

 6、那么输出的type对应的数据类型是什么呢？我们到 第44行代码中调用的sheet.cell()中寻找答案-->查看源码

# xlrd.sheet.Cell

class Cell(BaseObject):
    """
    Contains the data for one cell.

    .. warning::
      You don't call this class yourself. You access :class:`Cell` objects
      via methods of the :class:`Sheet` object(s) that you found in the
      :class:`~xlrd.book.Book` object that was returned when you called
      :func:`~xlrd.open_workbook`

    Cell objects have three attributes: ``ctype`` is an int, ``value``
    (which depends on ``ctype``) and ``xf_index``.
    If ``formatting_info`` is not enabled when the workbook is opened,
    ``xf_index`` will be ``None``.

    The following table describes the types of cells and how their values
    are represented in Python.

    .. raw:: html

        <table border="1" cellpadding="7">
        <tr>
        <th>Type symbol</th>
        <th>Type number</th>
        <th>Python value</th>
        </tr>
        <tr>
        <td>XL_CELL_EMPTY</td>
        <td align="center">0</td>
        <td>empty string ''</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
        <td>XL_CELL_TEXT</td>
        <td align="center">1</td>
        <td>a Unicode string</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
        <td>XL_CELL_NUMBER</td>
        <td align="center">2</td>
        <td>float</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
        <td>XL_CELL_DATE</td>
        <td align="center">3</td>
        <td>float</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
        <td>XL_CELL_BOOLEAN</td>
        <td align="center">4</td>
        <td>int; 1 means TRUE, 0 means FALSE</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
        <td>XL_CELL_ERROR</td>
        <td align="center">5</td>
        <td>int representing internal Excel codes; for a text representation,
        refer to the supplied dictionary error_text_from_code</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
        <td>XL_CELL_BLANK</td>
        <td align="center">6</td>
        <td>empty string ''. Note: this type will appear only when
        open_workbook(..., formatting_info=True) is used.</td>
        </tr>
        </table>
    """

    __slots__ = ['ctype', 'value', 'xf_index']

    def __init__(self, ctype, value, xf_index=None):
        self.ctype = ctype
        self.value = value
        self.xf_index = xf_index

    def __repr__(self):
        if self.xf_index is None:
            return "%s:%r" % (ctype_text[self.ctype], self.value)
        else:
            return "%s:%r (XF:%r)" % (ctype_text[self.ctype], self.value, self.xf_index)

7、分析部分源码，查看提示

 6、总结一下我们xls表中出现的数据类型

也就是说在xls表格中的数据在Python中用xldr读取后，数据类型不完全一致

7、解决方式

import datetime
from xlrd import xldate_as_tuple


def read_excel(filename, index, ishead=False):
    xls = xlrd.open_workbook(filename)
    sheet = xls.sheet_by_index(index)
    print("date.today", date.today())

    # 判断数据类型
    # for row in range(sheet.nrows):
    #     for col in range(sheet.ncols):
    #         print('--', sheet.cell(row, col), '--type:', sheet.cell(row, col).ctype)

    data = []
    for i in range(sheet.nrows):
        if i == 0:
            if ishead:
                continue
        if i > 1: #从第2行 第3列开始的date日期类型数据，需要修改的日期只在第3列(2=3-1)
            start_Time_float = sheet.cell(i, 2)
            # 输出获取到的从第二行开始的每个第三列数据的 数据类型 及 数据 及 类型码
            print("==========", type(start_Time_float),start_Time_float,start_Time_float.ctype)
            # 把获取从第二行开始的每个第三列数据转成我们习惯的日期格式，需要 import datetime 以及 from xlrd import xldate_as_tuple
            start_Time = datetime.datetime(*(xldate_as_tuple(start_Time_float.value, 0)))
            print("__~~__", start_Time)
        data.append(sheet.row_values(i))
    return data

data = read_excel("qunaer.xls", 0, True)

8、看运行结果

 9、仅做记录，感谢您的参考，如果您有建议，不胜感激