前文说到DeepDiff这个Python库,可以解决全字段断言难、接口响应嵌套层次多导致的实际结果提取难的问题。本文给大家介绍一下如何将其结合自动化框架做更精准的断言。
传统断言
看一下我们之前用过的例子。
登陆接口测试数据 TEST_LOGIN.yaml
http:
method: POST
path: https://account.xinli001.com/login?next=https://www.xinli001.com/user
headers:
Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded; charset=UTF-8
X-Requested-With: XMLHttpRequest
body:
payload: password=xxxxx&username=xxxxx%40163.com
expected:
response:
message: 登陆成功
code: 0
将登陆接口作为setup()定义在conftest.py文件
#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- encoding: utf-8 -*-
'''
@File : testcase_001.py
@Time : 2021/06/20 12:07:09
@Author : 软件质量保障
@wechat : ISTE1024
@Email : byteflow@163.com
@Blog : https://www.zhihu.com/people/iloverain1024
@Copyright : 侵权必究
'''
import pytest
import yaml
import requests
class RequestHandler:
def __init__(self):
"""session管理器:维持会话,可以让我们在跨请求时保存某些参数"""
self.session = requests.session()
def httpcore(self, method, url, params=None, data=None, json=None, headers=None, **kwargs):
return self.session.request(method,url, params=params, data=data, json=json, headers=headers,**kwargs)
def close_session(self):
"""关闭session"""
self.session.close()
@pytest.fixture(scope='function')
def login():
data = yaml.safe_load(open('testcases/data/TEST_LOGIN.yaml', encoding='utf-8'))
http = data['http']
method = http["method"]
url = http["path"]
headers = http["headers"]
json = http["body"]['payload']
req = RequestHandler()
req.httpcore(method, url=url, headers=headers, data=json)
return req
而测试用例需要的测试数据文件TEST_DATA_002.yaml定义如下:
- case: 测试登陆查询回答内容001
http:
query:
method: GET
path: https://m.xinli001.com/get-my-answers.json
headers:
User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_15_7) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/91.0.4472.106 Safari/537.36
body:
payload:
expected:
response:
total: 3
answer_id: '5903852'
code: 0
定义测试用例:
#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- encoding: utf-8 -*-
'''
@File : testcase_001.py
@Time : 2021/06/20 12:07:09
@Author : 软件质量保障
@wechat : ISTE1024
@Email : byteflow@163.com
@Blog : https://www.zhihu.com/people/iloverain1024
@Copyright : 侵权必究
'''
import pytest
import yaml
# 用例重载
def data_reload(request, data_key):
data = request[data_key]
method = data["method"]
url = data["path"]
headers = data["headers"]
body = data["body"]
return method, url, headers, body
# 用例集读取
def get_test_data(test_data_path):
case = [] # 存储测试用例名称
http = [] # 存储请求对象
expected = [] # 存储预期结果
data = yaml.safe_load(open(test_data_path, encoding='utf-8'))
# test = data['tests']
for td in data:
case.append(td.get('case', ''))
http.append(td.get('http', {}))
expected.append(td.get('expected', {}))
parameters = zip(case, http, expected)
return list(parameters)
@pytest.mark.parametrize("case, http, expected", get_test_data('testcases/data/TEST_DATA_002.yaml'))
def test_main(case, http, expected, login):
# 数据准备,这块可以再单独封装一层
method, url, headers, body = data_reload(http, 'query')
# 发起请求
query_res = login.httpcore(method, url=url, headers=headers, data=body)
print(query_res.json())
# 传统断言方式:提取响应结果数据与预期结果比较
assert query_res.json()['code'] == expected['response']['code']
assert query_res.json()['data']['total'] == expected['response']['total']
assert query_res.json()['data']['list'][2]['answer_id'] == expected['response']['answer_id']
改进版断言
我们知道deepdiff库提供grep功能,可以查询预期值是否存在于实际响应值中,即expect⊆actual
。例子如下:
from deepdiff import grep
obj = {1: [{'2': 'b'}, 3], 2: [4, 5000, 51]}
result = obj | grep(5)
print(result)
>> {}
我们可以遍历预期JSON串中的每个Key的值是否包含于实际响应中。这样避免了提取响应信息的繁杂操作,写法如下:
# 改进版
for key, value in expected['response'].items():
actual = query_res.json() | grep(value)
assert actual != {}
断言结果如下:
如果我们修改一下预期值:
- case: 测试登陆查询回答内容001
http:
query:
method: GET
path: https://m.xinli001.com/get-my-answers.json
headers:
User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_15_7) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/91.0.4472.106 Safari/537.36
body:
payload:
expected:
response:
total: 3
answer_id: '5903853'
code: 0
断言结果: