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反射知识点总结《Lipp学习笔记》

反射

date:2022/03/01

啥是反射

动态语言可以运行时改变自身结构
java通过反射可以变为准动态语言,但也增加了不安全性。
Class类用来管理反射。

应用

动态代理
在运行时判断对象所属的类
在运行时构造一个类的对象
在运行时判断一个类所有的变量和方法
在运行是调用一个对象的方法

优缺点

优点:可以动态创建编译对象
缺点:性能较弱。反射是一种解释操作,让jvm来操作。

Class类

每个类编译完成时候,都会产生Class对象。
反射获取类实际例子,一般有三种方式
1.Class.forname(“类路径”);
2.Class classTest = 目标类.class
3.Class classTest = 目标类实例对象.getClass()

类加载步骤:

  • 1.方法区里面加载一个类对应Class对象
  • 2.然后程序栈里面进行link过程
  • 3.初始化

通过reflection获得一个对象

例子:

package com.day301.reflectiondemo;

import java.lang.reflect.Constructor;
import java.lang.reflect.Field;
import java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException;
import java.lang.reflect.Method;

public class Test09 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws ClassNotFoundException, InstantiationException, IllegalAccessException, NoSuchMethodException, SecurityException, IllegalArgumentException, InvocationTargetException, NoSuchFieldException {
	Class c1 =Class.forName("com.day301.reflectiondemo.Userme");
	
	
	
	
	Constructor constuctor = c1.getDeclaredConstructor(String.class,int.class,double.class);
	//通过构造器调用对象有参构造方法,生成对象
	Userme user01 = (Userme) constuctor.newInstance("shi",01,59.63);
	System.out.println(user01.getAge());
	
	Userme c2 = (Userme)c1.newInstance();
	System.out.println(c2);
	//默认生成无参构造方法
	Method method = c1.getDeclaredMethod("setAge", double.class);
	method.invoke(c2, 37.09);
	System.out.println(c2.getAge());
	//返回一个method,注意的是,需要将方法invoke初始化
	
	Userme c3 = (Userme)c1.newInstance();
	Field name =c1.getDeclaredField("name");
	name.setAccessible(true);
	name.set(c3, "我要调用方法"
			+ "没错哦");
	System.out.println(c3.getName());
//update field方法,需要注意的是,需要添加setAccessible(True),private filed才能修改
}
}

结果:

59.63
com.day301.reflectiondemo.Userme@3dfc5fb8
37.09
我要调用方法没错哦

性能

package com.day301.reflectiondemo;

import java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException;
import java.lang.reflect.Method;

public class Test10 {
	public static void test01(){
		Userme user = new Userme();
		long starttime =System.currentTimeMillis();
		for(int i=0;i<1000000000;i++) {
			user.getName();
		}
		long endTime =System.currentTimeMillis();
		System.out.println("默认方法"+(starttime-endTime)+"ms");
	}
	public static void test02() throws NoSuchMethodException, SecurityException, IllegalAccessException, IllegalArgumentException, InvocationTargetException{
		Userme user = new Userme();
		Class c1 =user.getClass();
		Method getName =c1.getDeclaredMethod("getName", null);
		
		
		long starttime =System.currentTimeMillis();
		for(int i=0;i<1000000000;i++) {
			getName.invoke(user, null);		}
		long endTime =System.currentTimeMillis();
		System.out.println("这是正常反射操时间:                          "+(starttime-endTime)+"ms");
		
	}
	public static void test03() throws NoSuchMethodException, SecurityException, IllegalAccessException, IllegalArgumentException, InvocationTargetException{
		Userme user = new Userme();
		Class c2 =user.getClass();
		Method getName =c2.getDeclaredMethod("getName", null);
		getName.setAccessible(true);
		long starttime =System.currentTimeMillis();
		for(int i=0;i<1000000000;i++) {
			getName.invoke(user, null);	
		}
		long endTime =System.currentTimeMillis();
		System.out.println(starttime-endTime+"ms");
	}
	public static void main(String[] args) throws NoSuchMethodException, SecurityException, IllegalAccessException, IllegalArgumentException, InvocationTargetException {
		test01();
		test02();
		test03();
	}
}

结果:

默认方法-3ms
这是正常反射操时间:                          -1196ms
-868ms

泛型

public class TestFanxing {
	public void test01(Map<String , Userme> map,List<Userme> list) {
		System.out.println("调用了Test01方法");
	}
	public Map<String ,Userme> test02(){
		System.out.println("调用了Test02方法");
		return null;	
	}
	public static void main(String[] args) throws NoSuchMethodException, SecurityException {
		{Method method = TestFanxing.class.getMethod("test01", Map.class,List.class);
		System.out.println(method);
		Type[] genericParameterTypes = method.getGenericParameterTypes();
		for(Type genericParameterType : genericParameterTypes) {
			System.out.println(genericParameterType);
			if(genericParameterType instanceof ParameterizedType){
				Type[] actualTypeArguments = ((ParameterizedType) genericParameterType).getActualTypeArguments();
				for(Type actual:actualTypeArguments) {
					System.out.println(actual);
				}
			}
		}}
		{Method method2 = TestFanxing.class.getMethod("test02", null);
		System.out.println(method2);
		Type[] genericParameterTypes = method2.getGenericParameterTypes();
		for(Type genericParameterType : genericParameterTypes) {
			System.out.println(genericParameterType);
			if(genericParameterType instanceof ParameterizedType){
				Type[] actualTypeArguments = ((ParameterizedType) genericParameterType).getActualTypeArguments();
				for(Type actual:actualTypeArguments) {
					System.out.println(actual);
				}
			}
		}
	}
	}
}

public void com.day301.reflectiondemo.TestFanxing.test01(java.util.Map,java.util.List)
java.util.Map<java.lang.String, com.day301.reflectiondemo.Userme>
class java.lang.String
class com.day301.reflectiondemo.Userme
java.util.List<com.day301.reflectiondemo.Userme>
class com.day301.reflectiondemo.Userme
public java.util.Map com.day301.reflectiondemo.TestFanxing.test02()

注解与反射映射成ORM

import java.lang.annotation.Annotation;
import java.lang.reflect.AnnotatedType;
import java.lang.reflect.Field;

public class Test {
	public static void main(String[] args) throws ClassNotFoundException, NoSuchFieldException, SecurityException {
		Class c1 = Class.forName("com.total.day301.Student");

		Annotation[] annotations = c1.getAnnotations();
		for (Annotation annotation : annotations) {
			System.out.println(annotation);
		}

		TableLipp tableLipp = (TableLipp) c1.getAnnotation(TableLipp.class);
		String value = tableLipp.value();
		System.out.println(value);
		
		Field f =c1.getDeclaredField("id");
		FieldLipp annotation  = f.getAnnotation(FieldLipp.class);
		System.out.println(annotation.columnName());
		System.out.println(annotation.type());
		System.out.println(annotation.length());

	}
}
package com.total.day301;

import java.lang.annotation.ElementType;
import java.lang.annotation.Retention;
import java.lang.annotation.RetentionPolicy;
import java.lang.annotation.Target;

@TableLipp("db_student")
public class Student {
	@FieldLipp(columnName="db_id",type="int",length=10)
	private int id;
	@FieldLipp(columnName="db_age",type="int",length=10)
	private int age;
	@FieldLipp(columnName="db_name",type="varchar",length=10)
	private String name;
	public int getId() {
		return id;
	}
	public void setId(int id) {
		this.id = id;
	}
	public int getAge() {
		return age;
	}
	public void setAge(int age) {
		this.age = age;
	}
	public String getName() {
		return name;
	}
	public void setName(String name) {
		this.name = name;
	}
	@Override
	public String toString() {
		return "Student [id=" + id + ", age=" + age + ", name=" + name + "]";
	}
	public Student(int id, int age, String name) {
		super();
		this.id = id;
		this.age = age;
		this.name = name;
	}
	public Student() {
		
	}
	
}
@Target(ElementType.TYPE)
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@interface TableLipp{
	String value();
}
@Target(ElementType.FIELD)
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@interface FieldLipp{
	String columnName();
	String type();
	int length();
	
}

result:

@com.total.day301.TableLipp(value="db_student")
db_student
db_id
int
10

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