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oracle 单机多实例启动登录

西街小学的王 2024-11-02 阅读 21
oracleSQL远程登录Oracle数据库

一、演示环境介绍

oracle版本为oracle11g 企业版静默安装 系统版本为centos7.8 x86_64最小化安装 oracle11g安装参考文档： https://blog.51cto.com/wujianwei/12207655

涉及到2台服务器: 10.0.0.9机器 主机名oracle 安装oracle服务，然后创建实例orcl和orcl001 10.0.0.8 机器 主机名dbstandby08 安装oracle软件,不创建oracle实例 10.0.0.9和10.0.0.8机器 iptables都关闭 selinux都关闭

二、创建实例orcl和orcl001并启动挂载

2.1创建实例orcl并启动挂载

$ORACLE_HOME/bin/dbca -silent  -force -responseFile /u01/oracle/etc/dbca.rsp

sid为orcl:


[oracle@oracle etc]$ export ORACLE_SID=orcl
[oracle@oracle etc]$ sqlplus sys/oracle as sysdba

SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.1.0 Production on Sun Oct 20 15:00:53 2024

Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

Connected to an idle instance.

SQL> SELECT instance_name FROM v$instance;
SELECT instance_name FROM v$instance
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-01034: ORACLE not available
Process ID: 0
Session ID: 0 Serial number: 0


SQL> startup mount;
ORACLE instance started.

Total System Global Area 1586708480 bytes
Fixed Size                  2213736 bytes
Variable Size             939526296 bytes
Database Buffers          637534208 bytes
Redo Buffers                7434240 bytes
Database mounted.
SQL> SELECT instance_name FROM v$instance;

INSTANCE_NAME
----------------
orcl

SQL> !ps -ef|grep orcl|grep -v grep
oracle    74430      1  0 15:01 ?        00:00:00 ora_pmon_orcl
oracle    74432      1  0 15:01 ?        00:00:00 ora_vktm_orcl
oracle    74437      1  0 15:01 ?        00:00:00 ora_gen0_orcl
oracle    74439      1  0 15:01 ?        00:00:00 ora_diag_orcl
oracle    74441      1  0 15:01 ?        00:00:00 ora_dbrm_orcl
oracle    74443      1  0 15:01 ?        00:00:00 ora_psp0_orcl
oracle    74445      1  0 15:01 ?        00:00:00 ora_dia0_orcl
oracle    74447      1  4 15:01 ?        00:00:05 ora_mman_orcl
oracle    74449      1  0 15:01 ?        00:00:00 ora_dbw0_orcl
oracle    74451      1  0 15:01 ?        00:00:00 ora_lgwr_orcl
oracle    74453      1  1 15:01 ?        00:00:01 ora_ckpt_orcl
oracle    74455      1  0 15:01 ?        00:00:00 ora_smon_orcl
oracle    74457      1  0 15:01 ?        00:00:00 ora_reco_orcl
oracle    74459      1  0 15:01 ?        00:00:00 ora_mmon_orcl
oracle    74461      1  0 15:01 ?        00:00:00 ora_mmnl_orcl
oracle    74463      1  0 15:01 ?        00:00:00 ora_d000_orcl
oracle    74465      1  0 15:01 ?        00:00:00 ora_s000_orcl
oracle    74513  74374  0 15:01 ?        00:00:00 oracleorcl (DESCRIPTION=(LOCAL=YES)(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=beq)))

2.2 创建实例orcl001并启动挂载

$ORACLE_HOME/bin/dbca -silent  -force -responseFile /u01/oracle/etc/orcl001.rsp

sid为orcl001:

[oracle@oracle etc]$ sqlplus sys/oracle123 as sysdba
SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.1.0 Production on Sun Oct 20 15:04:26 2024

Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

Connected to an idle instance.

SQL> SELECT instance_name FROM v$instance;
SELECT instance_name FROM v$instance
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-01034: ORACLE not available
Process ID: 0
Session ID: 0 Serial number: 0

SQL> startup mount;
ORACLE instance started.

Total System Global Area 1185853440 bytes
Fixed Size                  2212776 bytes
Variable Size             369101912 bytes
Database Buffers          805306368 bytes
Redo Buffers                9232384 bytes
Database mounted.
SQL> 
SQL> SELECT instance_name FROM v$instance;

INSTANCE_NAME
----------------
orcl001

SQL> !ps -ef|grep 001|grep -v grep
oracle    74697      1  0 15:04 ?        00:00:00 ora_pmon_orcl001
oracle    74699      1  0 15:04 ?        00:00:00 ora_vktm_orcl001
oracle    74703      1  0 15:04 ?        00:00:00 ora_gen0_orcl001
oracle    74705      1  0 15:04 ?        00:00:00 ora_diag_orcl001
oracle    74707      1  0 15:04 ?        00:00:00 ora_dbrm_orcl001
oracle    74709      1  0 15:04 ?        00:00:00 ora_psp0_orcl001
oracle    74711      1  0 15:04 ?        00:00:00 ora_dia0_orcl001
oracle    74713      1  0 15:04 ?        00:00:00 ora_mman_orcl001
oracle    74715      1  0 15:04 ?        00:00:00 ora_dbw0_orcl001
oracle    74717      1  0 15:04 ?        00:00:00 ora_lgwr_orcl001
oracle    74719      1  0 15:04 ?        00:00:00 ora_ckpt_orcl001
oracle    74721      1  0 15:04 ?        00:00:00 ora_smon_orcl001
oracle    74723      1  0 15:04 ?        00:00:00 ora_reco_orcl001
oracle    74725      1  0 15:04 ?        00:00:00 ora_mmon_orcl001
oracle    74727      1  0 15:04 ?        00:00:00 ora_mmnl_orcl001
oracle    74729      1  0 15:04 ?        00:00:00 ora_d000_orcl001
oracle    74731      1  0 15:04 ?        00:00:00 ora_s000_orcl001
oracle    74741  74673  0 15:04 ?        00:00:00 oracleorcl001 (DESCRIPTION=(LOCAL=YES)(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=beq)))

SQL>

三、配置oracle服务监听器和客户端网络别名文件

3.1 10.0.0.9机器配置监听器文件

[oracle@oracle etc]$ cat  /u01/oracle/tools/oracle11g/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/network/admin/listener.ora
#LISTENER =
#  (DESCRIPTION =
#    (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 10.0.0.9)(PORT = 1521))
#  )


SID_LIST_LISTENER =
  (SID_LIST =
  
    (SID_DESC =
      (GLOBAL_DBNAME = orcl.oracle)
      (ORACLE_HOME = /u01/oracle/tools/oracle11g/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1)
      (SID_NAME = orcl)
    )
    (SID_DESC =
      (GLOBAL_DBNAME = orcl001.oracle)  
      (ORACLE_HOME = /u01/oracle/tools/oracle11g/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1)  
      (SID_NAME = orcl001)  
    )
  )

ADR_BASE_LISTENER = /u01/oracle/tools/oracle11g

3.2 10.0.0.9机器 配置网络别名文件

提示:10.0.0.9机器本地需要采用网络别名进行连接实例时才需要配置,不需要这种登录方式的话就不用配置

[oracle@oracle etc]$ cat  /u01/oracle/tools/oracle11g/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/network/admin/tnsnames.ora
#LISTENER_ORCL =
#  (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 10.0.0.9)(PORT = 1521))
net_orcl =
  (DESCRIPTION =
    (ADDRESS_LIST =
      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 10.0.0.9)(PORT = 1521))
    )
    (CONNECT_DATA =
      (SERVER = DEDICATED)
      (SERVICE_NAME = orcl.oracle)
    )
  )

net_orcl001 =
  (DESCRIPTION =
    (ADDRESS_LIST =
      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 10.0.0.9)(PORT = 1521))
    )
    (CONNECT_DATA =
      (SERVER = DEDICATED)
      (SERVICE_NAME = orcl001.oracle)
    )
  )

3.2.1 不配置tnsnames.ora文件

已经创建oracle实例orcl,orcl001的10.0.0.9机器 不配置tnsnames.ora文件 采用下面的登录方式是登录不上对应的实例的

sqlplus wangwu/pass123321@net_orcl 
sqlplus zhangsan/pass123321@net_orcl001

图片.png

图片.png

3.2.2 配置tnsnames.ora文件

采用下面的方式是可以登录到各自对应的实例的

sqlplus wangwu/pass123321@net_orcl 
sqlplus zhangsan/pass123321@net_orcl001

图片.png 图片.png

四、远程登录10.0.0.9上的oracle实例orcl和orcl001

首先10.0.0.8机器上要安装sqlplus客户端,同时远程登录的话 os系统命令行是不需要export ORACLE_SID=SID的

4.1远程登录oracle实例orcl001创建创建测试数据

远程登录oracle实例orcl001创建表空间,测试表,测试用户zhangsan,授权测试用户可以写入数据

-- sqlplus sys/oracle123@10.0.0.9:1521/orcl001.oracle
   sqlplus 账户/密码@IP:1521/service_name服务名 

[oracle@dbstandby08 ~]$  sqlplus sys/oracle123@10.0.0.9:1521/orcl001.oracle as sysdba

alter database open;
SELECT instance_name FROM v$instance;
 SHOW PARAMETER SERVICE_NAME;
create tablespace zhangsan_db01 datafile '/u01/oracle/tools/oracle11g/oradata/zhangsan_db01' size 10m autoextend on;
create user zhangsan identified by pass123321 default tablespace zhangsan_db01 quota 3m on users;
ALTER USER zhangsan QUOTA UNLIMITED ON zhangsan_DB01;
GRANT CREATE SESSION to zhangsan;
GRANT CREATE ANY TABLE to zhangsan;

采用创建的zhangsan用户登录实例orcl001创建测试表:

[oracle@dbstandby08 admin]$ sqlplus zhangsan/pass123321@10.0.0.9:1521/orcl001.oracle 
SQL> show user;
USER is "ZHANGSAN"

CREATE TABLE zhangsan01 (
    employee_id NUMBER PRIMARY KEY,
    first_name VARCHAR2(50),
    last_name VARCHAR2(50),
    hire_date DATE,
    salary NUMBER
);
INSERT INTO zhangsan01(employee_id, first_name, last_name, hire_date, salary)VALUES (1, 'zhangsan01', 'Doe', '01-Jan-2021', 001);
commit;

create table zhangsan02(id number,name varchar2(255));
insert into zhangsan02 values(1,'zhangsan02');
commit;

管理员账户远程登录验证数据是否写入:

[oracle@dbstandby08 admin]$ sqlplus sys/oracle123@10.0.0.9:1521/orcl001.oracle as sysdba
SQL> SHOW PARAMETER SERVICE_NAME;

NAME                                 TYPE        VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
service_names                        string      orcl001.oracle
SQL> 

SQL> set line 300 pages 300
SQL> select * from zhangsan.zhangsan01;

EMPLOYEE_ID FIRST_NAME                                         LAST_NAME                                          HIRE_DATE              SALARY
----------- -------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------- ------------------ ----------
          1 zhangsan01                                         Doe                                                01-JAN-21                   1

SQL> select * from zhangsan.zhangsan02;

        ID NAME
---------- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
         1 zhangsan02

4.2远程登录oracle实例orcl创建创建测试数据

---创建表空间,测试表,测试用户wangwu,授权测试用户可以写入数据

[oracle@dbstandby08 ~]$ sqlplus sys/oracle@10.0.0.9:1521/orcl.oracle as sysdba

alter database open;
SELECT instance_name FROM v$instance;
SHOW PARAMETER SERVICE_NAME;
create tablespace wangwu_db01 datafile '/u01/oracle/tools/oracle11g/oradata/wangwu_db01' size 10m autoextend on;
create user wangwu identified by pass123321 default tablespace wangwu_db01 quota 3m on users;
ALTER USER wangwu QUOTA UNLIMITED ON WANGWU_DB01;
GRANT CREATE SESSION to wangwu;
GRANT CREATE ANY TABLE to wangwu;

登录用户wangwu,创建测试表和数据:

[oracle@dbstandby08 oradata]$ sqlplus wangwu/pass123321@10.0.0.9:1521/orcl.oracle 

CREATE TABLE wangwu01 (
    employee_id NUMBER PRIMARY KEY,
    first_name VARCHAR2(50),
    last_name VARCHAR2(50),
    hire_date DATE,
    salary NUMBER
);
INSERT INTO wangwu01(employee_id, first_name, last_name, hire_date, salary)VALUES (1, 'wangwu01', 'Doe', '01-Jan-2021', 001);
commit;

create table wangwu02(id number,name varchar2(255));
insert into wangwu02 values(1,'wangwu02');
commit;

4.3、dbstandby08机器用网络别名远程登录10.0.0.9上oracle实例

dbstandby08机器采用网络名远程登录10.0.0.9上oracle实例时，dbstandby08机器不需要启动实例和不需要启动lsnrctl start 监听,只在dbstandby08机器配置客户端网络文件tnsnames.ora即可。

配置文件内容如下:


[oracle@dbstandby08 ~]$ cat /u01/oracle/tools/oracle11g/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/network/admin/tnsnames.ora

net_orcl =
  (DESCRIPTION =
    (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 10.0.0.9)(PORT = 1521))
    (CONNECT_DATA =
      (SERVER = DEDICATED)
      (SERVICE_NAME = orcl.oracle)
    )
  )

net_orcl001 =
  (DESCRIPTION =
    (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 10.0.0.9)(PORT = 1521))
    (CONNECT_DATA =
      (SERVER = DEDICATED)
      (SERVICE_NAME = orcl001.oracle)
    )
  )

tnsping进行验证测试别名：

tnsping net_orcl  
tnsping net_orcl001

图片.png

dbstandby08机器采用管理员账户sys,网络名net_orcl001远程登录10.0.0.9上oracle实例orcl001查看


[oracle@dbstandby08 ~]$ sqlplus sys/oracle123@net_orcl001 as sysdba 

SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.1.0 Production on Sun Oct 20 16:26:17 2024

Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle.  All rights reserved.


Connected to:
Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.1.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options

SQL> 
SQL> SHOW PARAMETER SERVICE_NAME;

NAME                                 TYPE        VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
service_names                        string      orcl001.oracle
SQL> select * from zhangsan.zhangsan01;

EMPLOYEE_ID FIRST_NAME
----------- --------------------------------------------------
LAST_NAME                                          HIRE_DATE              SALARY
-------------------------------------------------- ------------------ ----------
          1 zhangsan01
Doe                                                01-JAN-21                   1


SQL> select * from zhangsan.zhangsan02;

        ID
----------
NAME
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
         1
zhangsan02

dbstandby08机器采用zhangsan账户,网络名net_orcl001远程登录10.0.0.9上oracle实例orcl001查看: [oracle@dbstandby08 ~]$ sqlplus zhangsan/pass123321@net_orcl001

dbstandby08机器采用用户sys和wangwu,网络名net_orcl 远程登录10.0.0.9上oracle实例orcl查看：

[oracle@dbstandby08 ~]$ sqlplus wangwu/pass123321@net_orcl [oracle@dbstandby08 ~]$ sqlplus sys/oracle@net_orcl as sysdba 图片.png 图片.png

五、10.0.0.9机器本地登录oracle实例和通过网络别名登录实例

5.1、10.0.0.9 本机登录orcl和orcl001实例查看

需要提前命令行定义下ORACLE_SID变量值 ，才能连接到对应的oracle实例 10.0.0.9机器oracle实例orcl本地登录：

[oracle@oracle etc]$ export ORACLE_SID=orcl;sqlplus system/oracle as sysdba
SQL> SELECT instance_name FROM v$instance;

INSTANCE_NAME
----------------
orcl

SQL> SHOW PARAMETER SERVICE_NAME;

NAME                                 TYPE        VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
service_names                        string      orcl.oracle
SQL> select * from wangwu.wangwu01;

EMPLOYEE_ID FIRST_NAME
----------- --------------------------------------------------
LAST_NAME                                          HIRE_DATE              SALARY
-------------------------------------------------- ------------------ ----------
          1 wangwu01
Doe                                                01-JAN-21                   1

SQL> select * from wangwu.wangwu02;

        ID
----------
NAME
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
         1
wangwu02

10.0.0.9机器oracle实例orcl001本地登录：

[oracle@oracle etc]$ export ORACLE_SID=orcl001 ;sqlplus system/oracle123 as sysdba
SQL> SELECT instance_name FROM v$instance;

INSTANCE_NAME
----------------
orcl001

SQL> SELECT * from zhangsan.zhangsan01;

EMPLOYEE_ID FIRST_NAME
----------- --------------------------------------------------
LAST_NAME                                          HIRE_DATE              SALARY
-------------------------------------------------- ------------------ ----------
          1 zhangsan01
Doe                                                01-JAN-21                   1

SQL> SELECT * from zhangsan.zhangsan02;

        ID
----------
NAME
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
         1
zhangsan02

5.2、10.0.0.9机器配置客户端网络别名文件登录

配置文件内容参考3.2，此处不再描述 具体登录命令如下:

[oracle@oracle admin]$  sqlplus wangwu/pass123321@net_orcl 
[oracle@oracle admin]$  sqlplus zhangsan/pass123321@net_orcl001

以上就是简单的测试分享过程，不对之处欢迎指正，一起交流学习。 参考文档: https://blog.51cto.com/meiling/1580178

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