oracle bbed的安装与相关命令

文档课题：oracle bbed的安装与相关命令.
数据库：oracle 11.2.0.4
系统：CentOS 7.9
1、BBED安装
1.1、安装包处理
说明：Oracle 11g缺省未提供bbed库文件，安装bbed需要从oracle 10g中复制三个包，sbbdpt.o 、ssbbded.o复制到$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/lib/目录，bbedus.msb复制到$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/mesg，然后进行编译。
[oracle@leo-oracle-10g lib]$ ll sbbdpt.o
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 1863 Sep 17  2005 sbbdpt.o
[oracle@leo-oracle-10g lib]$ ll ssbbded.o
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 1191 Sep 17  2005 ssbbded.o
[oracle@leo-oracle-10g lib]$ pwd
/u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/rdbms/lib
[oracle@leo-oracle-10g lib]$ scp sbbdpt.o oracle@192.168.133.110:/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db/rdbms/lib
The authenticity of host '192.168.133.110 (192.168.133.110)' can't be established.
RSA key fingerprint is 35:7d:19:47:d8:40:51:05:1c:5d:65:55:93:45:7e:57.
Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yes
Warning: Permanently added '192.168.133.110' (RSA) to the list of known hosts.
oracle@192.168.133.110's password: 
sbbdpt.o                                                                                                                     100% 1863     1.8KB/s   00:00    
[oracle@leo-oracle-10g lib]$ scp ssbbded.o oracle@192.168.133.110:/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db/rdbms/lib
oracle@192.168.133.110's password: 
Permission denied, please try again.
oracle@192.168.133.110's password: 
ssbbded.o                                                                                                                    100% 1191     1.2KB/s   00:00    
[oracle@leo-oracle-10g ~]$ cd /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/rdbms/mesg/
[oracle@leo-oracle-10g mesg]$ ll bbedus.msb
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 8704 Sep  9  2005 bbedus.msb
[oracle@leo-oracle-10g mesg]$ scp bbedus.msb oracle@192.168.133.110:/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db/rdbms/mesg/
oracle@192.168.133.110's password: 
bbedus.msb                                                                                                                   100% 8704     8.5KB/s   00:00    
1.2、编译
--oracle 11g端执行如下命令进行编译。
[oracle@leo-oracle-11g lib]$ make -f $ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/lib/ins_rdbms.mk BBED=$ORACLE_HOME/bin/bbed $ORACLE_HOME/bin/bbed
make: `/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db/bin/bbed' is up to date.
2、bbed的使用
[oracle@leo-oracle-11g ~]$ bbed -help
LRM-00118: syntax error at '-' at the end of input
PASSWORD - Required parameter
FILENAME - Database file name
BLOCKSIZE - Database block size
LISTFILE - List file name
MODE - [browse/edit]
SPOOL - Spool to logfile [no/yes]
CMDFILE - BBED command file name
LOGFILE - BBED log file name
PARFILE - Parameter file name
BIFILE - BBED before-image file name
REVERT - Rollback changes from BIFILE [no/yes]
SILENT - Hide banner [no/yes]
HELP - Show all valid parameters [no/yes]
BBED-00105: LRM error 110 occurred during command line parsing
2.1、定义测试文件
--为方便测试，定义一个文件，将数据文件查询出来，放到参数文件中。
[oracle@leo-oracle-11g ~]$ vi parameter.txt
blocksize=8192

listfile=dbfiles.txt

mode=edit
[oracle@leo-oracle-11g ~]$ vi dbfiles.txt
1       /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/system01.dbf       817889280

2       /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/sysaux01.dbf       534773760

3       /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/undotbs01.dbf      529530880

4       /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/users01.dbf        5242880
说明：如上内容为通过以下语句查询所得。
select file# || chr(9) || name || chr(9) || bytes from v$datafile;
2.2、BBED命令
使用参数文件进入bbed
[oracle@leo-oracle-11g ~]$ bbed parfile=parameter.txt
Password: 

BBED: Release 2.0.0.0.0 - Limited Production on Tue Mar 7 23:56:13 2023

Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle and/or its affiliates.  All rights reserved.

************* !!! For Oracle Internal Use only !!! ***************
2.2.1、Info命令
显示当前可以进行browse或者edit的file，即filelist里指定的datafile信息。
BBED> info
 File#  Name                                                        Size(blks)
 -----  ----                                                        ----------
     1  /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/system01.dbf                        99840
     2  /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/sysaux01.dbf                        65280
     3  /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/undotbs01.dbf                       64640
     4  /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/users01.dbf                           640
2.2.2、Show命令
show命令显示当前配置选项
BBED> show all
        FILE#            1
        BLOCK#          1
        OFFSET          0
        DBA             0x00400001 (4194305 1,1)
        FILENAME        /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/system01.dbf
        BIFILE          bifile.bbd
        LISTFILE        dbfiles.txt
        BLOCKSIZE       8192
        MODE            Edit
        EDIT            Unrecoverable
        IBASE           Dec
        OBASE           Dec
        WIDTH           80
        COUNT           512
        LOGFILE         log.bbd
        SPOOL           No
说明：
DBA(data block addr) = file#(10bit) + block#(22bit) =32bit，所以文件个数最多是2的10次方=1024个
DBA = 0x00400001 ====> 0000 0000 0100 0000 0000 0000 0000 0001
从以上所知前10位为file#，放个分隔符查看：
0000 0000 01[分隔符]00 0000 0000 0000 0000 0001 (4194305 1,1)
可以看出file#=1，block#=1，与show出来的信息对应起来。
2.2.3、set命令
Set命令设置相应的信息。
如果要查看2号文件的2号块，则可以使用set命令来设置文件号和块号
BBED> set file 2
        FILE#           2

BBED> set block 2
        BLOCK#          2

BBED> show all
        FILE#           2
        BLOCK#          2
        OFFSET          0
        DBA             0x00800002 (8388610 2,2)
        FILENAME        /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/sysaux01.dbf
        BIFILE          bifile.bbd
        LISTFILE        dbfiles.txt
        BLOCKSIZE       8192
        MODE            Edit
        EDIT            Unrecoverable
        IBASE           Dec
        OBASE           Dec
        WIDTH           80
        COUNT           512
        LOGFILE         log.bbd
        SPOOL           No
--再次回到1号文件的0号块
BBED> set file 1
        FILE#           1

BBED> set block 0
        BLOCK#          0

BBED> show all
        FILE#           1
        BLOCK#          0
        OFFSET          0
        DBA             0x00400000 (4194304 1,0)
        FILENAME        /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/system01.dbf
        BIFILE          bifile.bbd
        LISTFILE        dbfiles.txt
        BLOCKSIZE       8192
        MODE            Edit
        EDIT            Unrecoverable
        IBASE           Dec
        OBASE           Dec
        WIDTH           80
        COUNT           512
        LOGFILE         log.bbd
        SPOOL           No
2.2.4、Dump命令
Dump命令十六进制查看block
--dump /v，查看十六进制内容的同时以文本方式“翻译”十六进制显示的内容，相当于对当前block执行strings命令
BBED> dump
 File: /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/system01.dbf (1)
 Block: 0                Offsets:    0 to  511           Dba:0x00400000
------------------------------------------------------------------------
 00a20000 0000c0ff 00000000 00000000 677c0000 00200000 00860100 7d7c7b7a 
 a0810000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 
 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 
 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 
 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 
 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 
 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 
 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 
 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 
 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 
 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 
 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 
 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 
 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 
 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 
 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 

 <32 bytes per line>
备注：从Offset看出只显示0-511个字节的偏移，也就是512个字节的信息，因为默认是count=512。oracle一个块默认大小8192，所以如要要让一个块的dump信息显示完全的话，可以set count 8192，在执行dump。
BBED> set count 8192
        COUNT           8192

BBED> dump
 File: /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/system01.dbf (1)
 Block: 0                Offsets:    0 to 8191           Dba:0x00400000
------------------------------------------------------------------------
 00a20000 0000c0ff 00000000 00000000 677c0000 00200000 00860100 7d7c7b7a 
 a0810000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 
 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 
 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 
 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 
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 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 

 <32 bytes per line>
2.2.5、Map命令
–map会通过偏移量来显示block里的详细信息，如block header，data block header和row directory。在不指定block的情况下，会显示当前block的信息，如果想显示其他block的信息，可以使用file name，file id，block和dba来指定要显示的block。
BBED> map
 File: /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/system01.dbf (1)
 Block: 0                                     Dba:0x00400000
------------------------------------------------------------
BBED-00400: invalid blocktype (00)
BBED> set block 1
        BLOCK#          1

BBED> map
 File: /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/system01.dbf (1)
 Block: 1                                     Dba:0x00400001
------------------------------------------------------------
 Data File Header

 struct kcvfh, 860 bytes                    @0       

 ub4 tailchk                                @8188    
备注：
U代表没有符号的unsigned
Tailchk尾部校验，一共是8192个块，因为是从0开始的，所以最后一个字节是8191，换句话说就是8188-8191这4个字节是不能用的，是来拿做尾部校验的
Struct kcvfh，其中的kcvfh其实在oracle中也有一个视图可以查询select * from x$kcvfh，后续在进行仔细研究。

Map /v 
比map更详细的查看block里面的信息
BBED> map /v
 File: /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/system01.dbf (1)
 Block: 1                                     Dba:0x00400001
------------------------------------------------------------
 Data File Header

 struct kcvfh, 860 bytes                    @0       
    struct kcvfhbfh, 20 bytes               @0       
    struct kcvfhhdr, 76 bytes               @20      
    ub4 kcvfhrdb                            @96      
    struct kcvfhcrs, 8 bytes                @100     
    ub4 kcvfhcrt                            @108     
    ub4 kcvfhrlc                            @112     
    struct kcvfhrls, 8 bytes                @116     
    ub4 kcvfhbti                            @124     
    struct kcvfhbsc, 8 bytes                @128     
    ub2 kcvfhbth                            @136     
    ub2 kcvfhsta                            @138     
    struct kcvfhckp, 36 bytes               @484     
    ub4 kcvfhcpc                            @140     
    ub4 kcvfhrts                            @144     
    ub4 kcvfhccc                            @148     
    struct kcvfhbcp, 36 bytes               @152     
    ub4 kcvfhbhz                            @312     
    struct kcvfhxcd, 16 bytes               @316     
    sword kcvfhtsn                          @332     
    ub2 kcvfhtln                            @336     
    text kcvfhtnm[30]                       @338     
    ub4 kcvfhrfn                            @368     
    struct kcvfhrfs, 8 bytes                @372     
    ub4 kcvfhrft                            @380     
    struct kcvfhafs, 8 bytes                @384     
    ub4 kcvfhbbc                            @392     
    ub4 kcvfhncb                            @396     
    ub4 kcvfhmcb                            @400     
    ub4 kcvfhlcb                            @404     
    ub4 kcvfhbcs                            @408     
    ub2 kcvfhofb                            @412     
    ub2 kcvfhnfb                            @414     
    ub4 kcvfhprc                            @416     
    struct kcvfhprs, 8 bytes                @420     
    struct kcvfhprfs, 8 bytes               @428     
    ub4 kcvfhtrt                            @444     

 ub4 tailchk                                @8188   

print命令 
查看命令，可以用p来简写
如果想对上面的struct kcvfhbfh在进行详细的查看，可以使用命令print来查看
BBED> p kcvfhbfh
struct kcvfhbfh, 20 bytes                   @0       
   ub1 type_kcbh                            @0        0x0b
   ub1 frmt_kcbh                            @1        0xa2
   ub1 spare1_kcbh                          @2        0x00
   ub1 spare2_kcbh                          @3        0x00
   ub4 rdba_kcbh                            @4        0x00400001
   ub4 bas_kcbh                             @8        0x00000000
   ub2 wrp_kcbh                             @12       0x0000
   ub1 seq_kcbh                             @14       0x01
   ub1 flg_kcbh                             @15       0x04 (KCBHFCKV)
   ub2 chkval_kcbh                          @16       0x3a9d
   ub2 spare3_kcbh                          @18       0x0000

特别说明：以上内容来自https://www.cnblogs.com/nazeebodan/p/3539983.html，笔者仅按照该网址内容实际操作过一遍.