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Django模型关系

天涯学馆 2022-07-12 阅读 117

Django模型关系_数据

模型关系

1:1 一对一 (一个身份证对应一个驾照)

  • 是使用外键+唯一约束实现的
  • 对应最多只能有一个
  • 我们通常会在从表中声明关系
  • 主表,从表
  • 主表数据删除,从表数据级联删除
  • 从表数据删除,主表不受影响
  • 谁声明关系,谁就是从表
driver_idcard = models.OneToOneField(IDCard,on_delete=models.PROTECT)
  • 主表获取从表数据,是通过隐性属性,隐性属性的名字 默认是从表名字小写
print(idcard.drivercard.driver_lever)
  • 从表获取主表数据,是通过显性属性
print(dc.driver_idcard.id_name)

1:M(一个人对应多辆车)

  • 使用外键实现的
  • 主表获取从表是隐性属性,隐性属性是Manager的子类
  • 支持
  • all
  • filter
  • first
  • last
  • 数据删除和一对一一样
- 从表获取主表数据,是通过显性属性
idcard = car.c_idcard
print(idcard.id_name
- 主表获取从表数据,是通过隐性属性,隐性属性的名字 默认是从表名字小写
idcard = IDCard.objects.last()
cars = idcard.car_set.last()

实例

models.py

from django.db import models

# Create your models here.
class IDCard(models.Model):
id_num = models.CharField(max_length=32,unique=True)
id_name = models.CharField(max_length=32)

class DriverCard(models.Model):
diver_leverl = models.CharField(max_length=16)
driver_idcard = models.OneToOneField(IDCard,on_delete=models.PROTECT)

class Car(models.Model):
c_type = models.CharField(max_length=32)
c_idcard = models.ForeignKey(IDCard,null=True)

view.py

import random
import uuid

from django.http import HttpResponse
from django.shortcuts import render

# Create your views here.
from RelationLearn.models import IDCard, DriverCard, Car


def index(request):
return HttpResponse("three index")





def add_idcard(request):
id_card = IDCard()
id_card.id_num = random.randrange(10000000000)
id_card.id_name = uuid.uuid4().hex
id_card.save()

return HttpResponse("add new id card ok")

def add_dc(request):
dc = DriverCard()
dc.diver_level = "c1"
id_card = IDCard.objects.last()
dc.driver_idcard =id_card
dc.save()
return HttpResponse("add killer ok")

def delete_idcard(request):
id_card = IDCard.objects.last()
id_card.delete()
return HttpResponse("del idcard ok")


def del_dc(request):
dc_card = DriverCard.objects.last()
dc_card.delete()
return HttpResponse("del dc ok")

def get_idcard(request):
dc= DriverCard.objects.last()
print(dc.driver_idcard.id_name)
return HttpResponse("by carid get id")

def get_dc(request):
idcard= IDCard.objects.last()
print(idcard.drivercard.driver_lever)
return HttpResponse("by id get carid")


def get_idcard_form_car(request):
car =Car.objects.last()
idcard = car.c_idcard
print(idcard.id_name)
return HttpResponse("by car gei id ")

def get_car(request):
idcard = IDCard.objects.last()
cars = idcard.car_set.last()
for car in cars:
print(car)

car_single = idcard.car_set.first()
print(car_single.c_type)

return HttpResponse("get cars by id")

def add_car(request):
# car = Car()
# car.c_type = "tiganche"
# idcard = IDCard.objects.last()
# car.c_idcard = idcard
# car.save()

car = Car()
car.c_type = "olddriver"
car.save()
idcard = IDCard.objects.last()
idcard.car_set.add(car)

return HttpResponse("add car ")
  • M:N
  • 使用额外的关系表进行数据记录
  • 关系表使用两个外键实现的
from django.db import models

# Create your models here.
class BlogUser(models.Model):
u_name =models.CharField(max_length=32)

class Blog(models.Model):
b_title =models.CharField(max_length=64)
b_content =models.TextField()
b_user_collect =models.ManyToManyField(BlogUser)

views.py

from django.http import HttpResponse
from django.shortcuts import render

# Create your views here.
from ManyLearn.models import *


def index(request):
return HttpResponse("index many")

def add_collect(request):
# blog = Blog.objects.last()
# # blog= Blog()
# user =BlogUser.objects.first()
# blog.b_user_collect.add(user)
# return HttpResponse("add collect")
blog = Blog.objects.last()
user = BlogUser.objects.last()
user.blog_set.add(blog)
return HttpResponse("add collect")


def del_collects(request):
blog = Blog.objects.all()
user = BlogUser.objects.get(id = "3")
user.blog_set.remove(*blog)
return HttpResponse("del collects ok")
# 查询指定用户的收藏的所有博客
def get_usercollects(request):

user = BlogUser.objects.first()

# print(user.blog_set.all().values())
collections = user.blog_set.all()
return render(request,"AllCollects.html",context=locals())
# 查询指定博客被哪些用户收藏了
def get_user(request):

blog = Blog.objects.first()
# blog=Blog()
users = blog.b_user_collect.all()

return render(request,"AllCollectsUser.html",context=locals())

Django模型关系_数据_02

模型级联操作

  • CASECADE
  • 默认模式
  • 默认级联删除
  • PROTECT
  • 保护模式
  • 存在级联数据就不能删除
  • 不存在级联数据就可以删除
  • SET
  • 设置为某值
  • NULL
  • 字段允许为空
  • DEFAULT
  • 字段存在默认值
  • VALUE
  • VALUE是真实的值



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