Mycat

mycat 基础环境图

两台主机 各4个实例
3307 3307 双主复制模式  其中各主机 每3309 是3307 的从库
3308 3309 双主复制模式  其中各主机 每3310 是3308 的从库

环境准备

1. 删除数据

pkill mysqld
rm /data/*
mv /etc/my.cnf{,.bak}

2. 创建目录 配置文件 多实例

mkdir /data/33{07..10}/data -p
cat  > /data/3307/my.cnf <<-EOF
[mysqld]
basedir=/usr/local/mysql
datadir=/data/3307/data
socket=/data/3307/mysql.sock
port=3307
log-error=/data/3307/mysql.log
log_bin=/data/3307/mysql-bin
binlog_format=row
skip-name-resolve
server-id=7
gtid-mode=on
enforce-gtid-consistency=true
log-slave-updates=1
EOF

cat  > /data/3308/my.cnf <<-EOF
[mysqld]
basedir=/usr/local/mysql
datadir=/data/3308/data
socket=/data/3308/mysql.sock
port=3308
log-error=/data/3308/mysql.log
log_bin=/data/3308/mysql-bin
binlog_format=row
skip-name-resolve
server-id=8
gtid-mode=on
enforce-gtid-consistency=true
log-slave-updates=1
EOF

cat  > /data/3309/my.cnf <<-EOF
[mysqld]
basedir=/usr/local/mysql
datadir=/data/3309/data
socket=/data/3309/mysql.sock
port=3309
log-error=/data/3309/mysql.log
log_bin=/data/3309/mysql-bin
binlog_format=row
skip-name-resolve
server-id=9
gtid-mode=on
enforce-gtid-consistency=true
log-slave-updates=1
EOF

cat  > /data/3310/my.cnf <<-EOF
[mysqld]
basedir=/usr/local/mysql
datadir=/data/3310/data
socket=/data/3310/mysql.sock
port=3310
log-error=/data/3310/mysql.log
log_bin=/data/3310/mysql-bin
binlog_format=row
skip-name-resolve
server-id=10
gtid-mode=on
enforce-gtid-consistency=true
log-slave-updates=1
EOF

cat >/etc/systemd/system/mysqld3307.service<<EOF
[Unit]
Description=MySQL Server
Documentation=man:mysqld(8)
Documentation=http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/en/using-systemd.html
After=network.target
After=syslog.target
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
[Service]
User=mysql
Group=mysql
ExecStart=/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld --defaults-file=/data/3307/my.cnf
LimitNOFILE = 5000
EOF

cat >/etc/systemd/system/mysqld3308.service<<EOF
[Unit]
Description=MySQL Server
Documentation=man:mysqld(8)
Documentation=http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/en/using-systemd.html
After=network.target
After=syslog.target
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
[Service]
User=mysql
Group=mysql
ExecStart=/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld --defaults-file=/data/3308/my.cnf
LimitNOFILE = 5000
EOF

cat >/etc/systemd/system/mysqld3309.service<<EOF
[Unit]
Description=MySQL Server
Documentation=man:mysqld(8)
Documentation=http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/en/using-systemd.html
After=network.target
After=syslog.target
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
[Service]
User=mysql
Group=mysql
ExecStart=/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld --defaults-file=/data/3309/my.cnf
LimitNOFILE = 5000
EOF

cat >/etc/systemd/system/mysqld3310.service<<EOF
[Unit]
Description=MySQL Server
Documentation=man:mysqld(8)
Documentation=http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/en/using-systemd.html
After=network.target
After=syslog.target
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
[Service]
User=mysql
Group=mysql
ExecStart=/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld --defaults-file=/data/3310/my.cnf
LimitNOFILE = 5000
EOF

mkdir /data/33{07..10}/data -p
cat  > /data/3307/my.cnf <<-EOF
[mysqld]
basedir=/usr/local/mysql
datadir=/data/3307/data
socket=/data/3307/mysql.sock
port=3307
log-error=/data/3307/mysql.log
log_bin=/data/3307/mysql-bin
binlog_format=row
skip-name-resolve
server-id=17
gtid-mode=on
enforce-gtid-consistency=true
log-slave-updates=1
EOF

cat  > /data/3308/my.cnf <<-EOF
[mysqld]
basedir=/usr/local/mysql
datadir=/data/3308/data
socket=/data/3308/mysql.sock
port=3308
log-error=/data/3308/mysql.log
log_bin=/data/3308/mysql-bin
binlog_format=row
skip-name-resolve
server-id=18
gtid-mode=on
enforce-gtid-consistency=true
log-slave-updates=1
EOF

cat  > /data/3309/my.cnf <<-EOF
[mysqld]
basedir=/usr/local/mysql
datadir=/data/3309/data
socket=/data/3309/mysql.sock
port=3309
log-error=/data/3309/mysql.log
log_bin=/data/3309/mysql-bin
binlog_format=row
skip-name-resolve
server-id=19
gtid-mode=on
enforce-gtid-consistency=true
log-slave-updates=1
EOF

cat  > /data/3310/my.cnf <<-EOF
[mysqld]
basedir=/usr/local/mysql
datadir=/data/3310/data
socket=/data/3310/mysql.sock
port=3310
log-error=/data/3310/mysql.log
log_bin=/data/3310/mysql-bin
binlog_format=row
skip-name-resolve
server-id=20
gtid-mode=on
enforce-gtid-consistency=true
log-slave-updates=1
EOF

3.初始化并启动

chown  -R mysql.mysql /data/
mysqld --initialize-insecure  --user=mysql --datadir=/data/3307/data --basedir=/usr/local/mysql
mysqld --initialize-insecure  --user=mysql --datadir=/data/3308/data --basedir=/usr/local/mysql
mysqld --initialize-insecure  --user=mysql --datadir=/data/3309/data --basedir=/usr/local/mysql
mysqld --initialize-insecure  --user=mysql --datadir=/data/3310/data --basedir=/usr/local/mysql

systemctl start mysqld3307
systemctl start mysqld3308
systemctl start mysqld3309
systemctl start mysqld3310

mysql -S /data/3307/mysql.sock -e "show variables like 'server_id'"
mysql -S /data/3308/mysql.sock -e "show variables like 'server_id'"
mysql -S /data/3309/mysql.sock -e "show variables like 'server_id'"
mysql -S /data/3310/mysql.sock -e "show variables like 'server_id'"

4.规划

箭头指向谁是主库
    192.168.122.103:3307    <----->  192.168.122.104:3307
    192.168.122.103:3309    ------>  192.168.122.103:3307
    192.168.122.104:3309    ------>  192.168.122.104:3307

    192.168.122.104:3308  <----->    192.168.122.103:3308
    192.168.122.104:3310  ----->     192.168.122.104:3308
    192.168.122.103:3310  ----->     192.168.122.103:3308

    shard1：
    Master：192.168.122.103:3307
    slave1：192.168.122.103:3309
    Standby Master：192.168.122.104:3307
    slave2：192.168.122.104:3309
    shard2：
    Master：192.168.122.104:3308
    slave1：192.168.122.104:3310
    Standby Master：192.168.122.103:3308
    slave2：192.168.122.103:3310

5.主主配置

shard1: 3307---3307

mysql  -S /data/3307/mysql.sock -e "grant replication slave on *.* to repl@'192.168.122.%' identified by '123';"
mysql  -S /data/3307/mysql.sock -e "grant all  on *.* to root@'192.168.122.%' identified by '123'  with grant option;"

db02

mysql  -S /data/3307/mysql.sock -e "CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_HOST='192.168.122.103', MASTER_PORT=3307, MASTER_AUTO_POSITION=1, MASTER_USER='repl', MASTER_PASSWORD='123';"
mysql  -S /data/3307/mysql.sock -e "start slave;"
mysql  -S /data/3307/mysql.sock -e "show slave status\G"

db01

mysql  -S /data/3307/mysql.sock -e "CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_HOST='192.168.122.104', MASTER_PORT=3307, MASTER_AUTO_POSITION=1, MASTER_USER='repl', MASTER_PASSWORD='123';"
mysql  -S /data/3307/mysql.sock -e "start slave;"
mysql  -S /data/3307/mysql.sock -e "show slave status\G"

shard2: 3308---3308

mysql  -S /data/3308/mysql.sock -e "grant replication slave on *.* to repl@'192.168.122.%' identified by '123';"
mysql  -S /data/3308/mysql.sock -e "grant all  on *.* to root@'192.168.122.%' identified by '123'  with grant option;"

db02

mysql  -S /data/3308/mysql.sock -e "CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_HOST='192.168.122.103', MASTER_PORT=3308, MASTER_AUTO_POSITION=1, MASTER_USER='repl', MASTER_PASSWORD='123';"
mysql  -S /data/3308/mysql.sock -e "start slave;"
mysql  -S /data/3308/mysql.sock -e "show slave status\G"

db01

mysql  -S /data/3308/mysql.sock -e "CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_HOST='192.168.122.104', MASTER_PORT=3308, MASTER_AUTO_POSITION=1, MASTER_USER='repl', MASTER_PASSWORD='123';"
mysql  -S /data/3308/mysql.sock -e "start slave;"
mysql  -S /data/3308/mysql.sock -e "show slave status\G"

6.主从模式

db01

shard1: 3309---3307

mysql  -S /data/3309/mysql.sock  -e "CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_HOST='192.168.122.103', MASTER_PORT=3307, MASTER_AUTO_POSITION=1, MASTER_USER='repl', MASTER_PASSWORD='123';"
mysql  -S /data/3309/mysql.sock  -e "start slave;"
mysql  -S /data/3309/mysql.sock  -e "show slave status\G"

shard2: 3309---3307

mysql  -S /data/3309/mysql.sock -e "CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_HOST='192.168.122.104', MASTER_PORT=3307, MASTER_AUTO_POSITION=1, MASTER_USER='repl', MASTER_PASSWORD='123';"
mysql  -S /data/3309/mysql.sock -e "start slave;"
mysql  -S /data/3309/mysql.sock -e "show slave status\G"

db02

shard1: 3310---3308

mysql  -S /data/3310/mysql.sock  -e "CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_HOST='192.168.122.103', MASTER_PORT=3308, MASTER_AUTO_POSITION=1, MASTER_USER='repl', MASTER_PASSWORD='123';"
mysql  -S /data/3310/mysql.sock  -e "start slave;"
mysql  -S /data/3310/mysql.sock  -e "show slave status\G"

shard2: 3310---3308

mysql  -S /data/3310/mysql.sock -e "CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_HOST='192.168.122.104', MASTER_PORT=3308, MASTER_AUTO_POSITION=1, MASTER_USER='repl', MASTER_PASSWORD='123';"
mysql  -S /data/3310/mysql.sock -e "start slave;"
mysql  -S /data/3310/mysql.sock -e "show slave status\G"

7.检测主从关系

mysql -S /data/3307/mysql.sock -e "show slave status\G"|grep Yes
mysql -S /data/3308/mysql.sock -e "show slave status\G"|grep Yes
mysql -S /data/3309/mysql.sock -e "show slave status\G"|grep Yes
mysql -S /data/3310/mysql.sock -e "show slave status\G"|grep Yes
注：如果中间出现错误，在每个节点进行执行以下命令
mysql -S /data/3307/mysql.sock -e "stop slave; reset slave all;"
mysql -S /data/3308/mysql.sock -e "stop slave; reset slave all;"
mysql -S /data/3309/mysql.sock -e "stop slave; reset slave all;"
mysql -S /data/3310/mysql.sock -e "stop slave; reset slave all;"

Mycat部署

1. schema拆分及业务分库
2. 垂直拆分-分库分表
3. 水平拆分-分片

部署

yum install -y java
http://dl.mycat.org.cn/1.6.7.5/2020-4-10/
wget http://dl.mycat.org.cn/1.6.7.5/2020-4-10/Mycat-server-1.6.7.5-release-20200410174409-linux.tar.gz
tar xf Mycat-server-1.6.7.5-release-20200410174409-linux.tar.gz -C /usr/local/
cat > /etc/profile.d/mycat.sh <<EOF
export PATH=/usr/local/mycat/bin:$PATH
EOF
source /etc/profile.d/mycat.sh 
mycat start 启动
mysql -uroot -p123456 -h 127.0.0.1 -P8066 登录
[root@db03 mycat]# ll
总用量 12
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root  190 11月 28 17:15 bin
drwxrwxrwx. 2 root root    6 10月 22 2019 catlet
drwxrwxrwx. 4 root root 4096 11月 28 17:15 conf
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 4096 11月 28 17:15 lib
drwxrwxrwx. 2 root root    6 4月   8 2020 logs
-rwxrwxrwx. 1 root root  227 4月  10 2020 version.txt

logs目录:
wrapper.log       ---->mycat启动日志
mycat.log         ---->mycat详细工作日志
conf目录:
schema.xml      
主配置文件（读写分离、高可用、分布式策略定制、节点控制）
server.xml
mycat软件本身相关的配置
rule.xml 
分片规则配置文件,记录分片规则列表、使用方法等

准备数据

mysql -S / data/3307/mysql.sock -e "source /root/world.sql;"
mysql -S / data/3308/mysql.sock -e "source /root/world.sql;"
mysql  -S /data/3307/mysql.sock -e "grant all  on *.* to root@'192.168.122.%' identified by '123'  with grant option;"
mysql  -S /data/3308/mysql.sock -e "grant all  on *.* to root@'192.168.122.%' identified by '123'  with grant option;"

简单介绍 schema.xml

逻辑库schema   包含数据节点dataNode
<schema name="TESTDB" checkSQLschema="true" sqlMaxLimit="100" randomDataNode="dn1">
</schema>
数据节点dataNode 包含数据主机localhost1 与数据库db1
<dataNode name="dn1" dataHost="localhost1" database="db1" />
数据主机dataHost 包含主从地址 
<dataHost name="localhost1" maxCon="1000" minCon="10" balance="1"  writeType="0" dbType="mysql"  dbDriver="native" switchType="1"> 
        <heartbeat>select user()</heartbeat>  
    <writeHost host="db1" url="192.168.122.103:3307" user="root" password="123"> 
            <readHost host="db2" url="192.168.122.103:3309" user="root" password="123" /> 
    </writeHost> 
    </dataHost>  

读写分离

mv schema.xml{,.bak} 
vim schema.xml
<?xml version="1.0"?>
<!DOCTYPE mycat:schema SYSTEM "schema.dtd">
<mycat:schema xmlns:mycat="http://io.mycat/">
<schema name="TESTDB" checkSQLschema="false" sqlMaxLimit="100" dataNode="sh1">
</schema>
        <dataNode name="sh1" dataHost="oldguo1" database= "world" />
        <dataHost name="oldguo1" maxCon="1000" minCon="10" balance="1"  writeType="0" dbType="mysql"  dbDriver="native" switchType="1">
                <heartbeat>select user()</heartbeat>
        <writeHost host="db1" url="192.168.122.103:3307" user="root" password="123">
                        <readHost host="db2" url="192.168.122.103:3309" user="root" password="123" />
        </writeHost>
        </dataHost>
</mycat:schema>
查看
mycat restart 重启mycat
[root@db03 conf]# mysql -uroot -p123456 -h 127.0.0.1 -P8066
db03 [(none)]>use TESTDB;
Database changed
db03 [TESTDB]>show tables;
+-----------------+
| Tables_in_world |
+-----------------+
| city            |
| country         |
| countrylanguage |
+-----------------+
db03 [TESTDB]>select @@server_id;
+-------------+
| @@server_id |
+-------------+
|           9 |
+-------------+
1 row in set (0.01 sec)

db03 [TESTDB]>begin;select @@server_id;commit;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
+-------------+
| @@server_id |
+-------------+
|           7 |
+-------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

读写分离高可用 一主一备 双主复制

vim schema.xml
<?xml version="1.0"?>
<!DOCTYPE mycat:schema SYSTEM "schema.dtd">
<mycat:schema xmlns:mycat="http://io.mycat/">
<schema name="TESTDB" checkSQLschema="false" sqlMaxLimit="100" dataNode="sh1">
</schema>
    <dataNode name="sh1" dataHost="oldguo1" database= "world" />
    <dataHost name="oldguo1" maxCon="1000" minCon="10" balance="1"  writeType="0" dbType="mysql"  dbDriver="native" switchType="1">
        <heartbeat>select user()</heartbeat>
    <writeHost host="db1" url="192.168.122.103:3307" user="root" password="123">
            <readHost host="db2" url="192.168.122.103:3309" user="root" password="123" />
    </writeHost>
    <writeHost host="db3" url="192.168.122.104:3307" user="root" password="123">
            <readHost host="db4" url="192.168.122.104:3309" user="root" password="123" />
    </writeHost>
    </dataHost>
</mycat:schema>
查看
mycat restart 重启mycat
db03 [(none)]>select @@server_id;
+-------------+
| @@server_id |
+-------------+
|           9 |
+-------------+
db03 [(none)]>select @@server_id;
+-------------+
| @@server_id |
+-------------+
|          17 |
+-------------+
db03 [(none)]>select @@server_id;
+-------------+
| @@server_id |
+-------------+
|          19 |
+-------------+
db03 [(none)]>begin;select @@server_id;commit;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
+-------------+
| @@server_id |
+-------------+
|           7 |
+-------------+
真正的 writehost：负责写操作的writehost  
standby  writeHost  ：和readhost一样，只提供读服务

当写节点宕机后，后面跟的readhost也不提供服务，这时候standby的writehost就提供写服务，
后面跟的readhost提供读服务 原来是双主双从 实际高可用是1主3从

balance属性

负载均衡类型，目前的取值有3种： 
1. balance="0", 不开启读写分离机制，所有读操作都发送到当前可用的writeHost上。 
2. balance="1"，全部的readHost与standby writeHost参与select语句的负载均衡，简单的说，
  当双主双从模式(M1->S1，M2->S2，并且M1与 M2互为主备)，正常情况下，M2,S1,S2都参与select语句的负载均衡。 
3. balance="2"，所有读操作都随机的在writeHost、readhost上分发。

writeType属性

负载均衡类型，目前的取值有2种： 
1. writeType="0", 所有写操作发送到配置的第一个writeHost，
第一个挂了切到还生存的第二个writeHost，重新启动后已切换后的为主，切换记录在配置文件中:dnindex.properties . 
2. writeType=“1”，所有写操作都随机的发送到配置的writeHost，但不推荐使用

switchType属性

-1 表示不自动切换 
1 默认值，自动切换 
2 基于MySQL主从同步的状态决定是否切换 ，心跳语句为 show slave status 

datahost其他配置

<dataHost name="localhost1" maxCon="1000" minCon="10" balance="1"  writeType="0" dbType="mysql"  dbDriver="native" switchType="1"> 

maxCon="1000"：最大的并发连接数
minCon="10" ：mycat在启动之后，会在后端节点上自动开启的连接线程
tempReadHostAvailable="1"
这个一主一从时（1个writehost，1个readhost时），可以开启这个参数，如果2个writehost，2个readhost时
<heartbeat>select user()</heartbeat>  监测心跳

垂直分表

如上图所示 将一个库中user order 两个表分到两个主从结构中
前期准备
mysql -S /data/3307/mysql.sock -e "create database taobao charset utf8;"
mysql -S /data/3308/mysql.sock -e "create database taobao charset utf8;"
mysql -S /data/3307/mysql.sock -e "use taobao;create table user(id int,name varchar(20))";
mysql -S /data/3308/mysql.sock -e "use taobao;create table order_t(id int,name varchar(20))"

vim schema.xml
<?xml version="1.0"?>
<!DOCTYPE mycat:schema SYSTEM "schema.dtd">
<mycat:schema xmlns:mycat="http://io.mycat/">
<schema name="TESTDB" checkSQLschema="false" sqlMaxLimit="100" dataNode="sh1">
        <table name="user" dataNode="sh1"/>
        <table name="order_t" dataNode="sh2"/>
</schema>
    <dataNode name="sh1" dataHost="oldguo1" database= "taobao" />
    <dataNode name="sh2" dataHost="oldguo2" database= "taobao" />
    <dataHost name="oldguo1" maxCon="1000" minCon="10" balance="1"  writeType="0" dbType="mysql"  dbDriver="native" switchType="1">
        <heartbeat>select user()</heartbeat>
    <writeHost host="db1" url="192.168.122.103:3307" user="root" password="123">
            <readHost host="db2" url="192.168.122.103:3309" user="root" password="123" />
    </writeHost>
    <writeHost host="db3" url="192.168.122.104:3307" user="root" password="123">
            <readHost host="db4" url="192.168.122.104:3309" user="root" password="123" />
    </writeHost>
    </dataHost>
    <dataHost name="oldguo2" maxCon="1000" minCon="10" balance="1"  writeType="0" dbType="mysql"  dbDriver="native" switchType="1">
        <heartbeat>select user()</heartbeat>
    <writeHost host="db1" url="192.168.122.103:3308" user="root" password="123">
            <readHost host="db2" url="192.168.122.103:3310" user="root" password="123" />
    </writeHost>
    <writeHost host="db3" url="192.168.122.104:3308" user="root" password="123">
            <readHost host="db4" url="192.168.122.104:3310" user="root" password="123" />
    </writeHost>
    </dataHost>
</mycat:schema>
验证结果
mycat restart
mysql -uroot -p123456 -h 192.168.122.105 -P8066
db03 [(none)]>use TESTDB;
db03 [TESTDB]>show tables;
+------------------+
| Tables_in_taobao |
+------------------+
| order_t          |
| user             |
+------------------+

水平分表

分片：对一个"bigtable"，比如说t3表

(1)行数非常多，800w
(2)访问非常频繁

分片的目的：
（1）将大数据量进行分布存储
（2）提供均衡的访问路由

分片策略：
范围 range  800w  1-400w 400w01-800w
取模 mod    取余数
枚举 
哈希 hash 
时间 流水

优化关联查询
全局表
ER分片

range分片 水平 auto-sharding-long

范围 range  800w  1-400w 400w01-800w
mysql -S /data/3307/mysql.sock -e "use taobao;create table t3 (id int not null primary key auto_increment,name varchar(20) not null);"
mysql -S /data/3308/mysql.sock  -e "use taobao;create table t3 (id int not null primary key auto_increment,name varchar(20) not null);"
vim schema.xml
<?xml version="1.0"?>
<!DOCTYPE mycat:schema SYSTEM "schema.dtd">
<mycat:schema xmlns:mycat="http://io.mycat/">
<schema name="TESTDB" checkSQLschema="false" sqlMaxLimit="100" dataNode="sh1">  ##sh1 是兜底
        <table name="t3" dataNode="sh1,sh2" rule="auto-sharding-long" />  ##range分片
</schema>
    <dataNode name="sh1" dataHost="oldguo1" database= "taobao" />
    <dataNode name="sh2" dataHost="oldguo2" database= "taobao" />
    <dataHost name="oldguo1" maxCon="1000" minCon="10" balance="1"  writeType="0" dbType="mysql"  dbDriver="native" switchType="1">
        <heartbeat>select user()</heartbeat>
    <writeHost host="db1" url="192.168.122.103:3307" user="root" password="123">
            <readHost host="db2" url="192.168.122.103:3309" user="root" password="123" />
    </writeHost>
    <writeHost host="db3" url="192.168.122.104:3307" user="root" password="123">
            <readHost host="db4" url="192.168.122.104:3309" user="root" password="123" />
    </writeHost>
    </dataHost>
    <dataHost name="oldguo2" maxCon="1000" minCon="10" balance="1"  writeType="0" dbType="mysql"  dbDriver="native" switchType="1">
        <heartbeat>select user()</heartbeat>
    <writeHost host="db1" url="192.168.122.103:3308" user="root" password="123">
            <readHost host="db2" url="192.168.122.103:3310" user="root" password="123" />
    </writeHost>
    <writeHost host="db3" url="192.168.122.104:3308" user="root" password="123">
            <readHost host="db4" url="192.168.122.104:3310" user="root" password="123" />
    </writeHost>
    </dataHost>
</mycat:schema>

root@db03 conf]# vim rule.xml 
...
 <tableRule name="auto-sharding-long">
                <rule>
                        <columns>id</columns>   ##表中字段必须有id这列 也可以修改成表中字段
                        <algorithm>rang-long</algorithm>
                </rule>
        </tableRule>
...
<function name="rang-long"
                          class="io.mycat.route.function.AutoPartitionByLong">
                <property name="mapFile">autopartition-long.txt</property> ##设置的规则文件
        </function>
[root@db03 conf]# vim partition-range-mod.txt 
# range start-end ,data node index
# K=1000,M=10000. M 代表10000个数据行
0-500M=0
500M-1000M=1
1000M-1500M=2
修改成
0-10=0
11-20=1
检查结果
mycat restart
mysql -uroot -p123456 -h 127.0.0.1 -P 8066
db03 [TESTDB]>show tables;
+------------------+
| Tables_in_taobao |
+------------------+
| t3               |
| user             |
+------------------+
insert into t3(id,name) values(1,'a');
insert into t3(id,name) values(2,'b');
insert into t3(id,name) values(3,'c');
insert into t3(id,name) values(4,'d');
insert into t3(id,name) values(11,'aa');
insert into t3(id,name) values(12,'bb');
insert into t3(id,name) values(13,'cc');
insert into t3(id,name) values(14,'dd');
mysql -S /data/3307/mysql.sock
mysql> select * from t3;
+----+------+
| id | name |
+----+------+
|  1 | a    |
|  2 | b    |
|  3 | c    |
|  4 | d    |
+----+------+
mysql -S /data/3308/mysql.sock
mysql> select * from t3;
+----+------+
| id | name |
+----+------+
| 11 | aa   |
| 12 | bb   |
| 13 | cc   |
| 14 | dd   |
+----+------+

取模分片 根据余数分片 mod-long

mysql -S /data/3307/mysql.sock -e "use taobao;create table t4 (id int not null primary key auto_increment,name varchar(20) not null);"
mysql -S /data/3308/mysql.sock  -e "use taobao;create table t4 (id int not null primary key auto_increment,name varchar(20) not null);"

vim schema.xml
<?xml version="1.0"?>
<!DOCTYPE mycat:schema SYSTEM "schema.dtd">
<mycat:schema xmlns:mycat="http://io.mycat/">
<schema name="TESTDB" checkSQLschema="false" sqlMaxLimit="100" dataNode="sh1">
        <table name="t4" dataNode="sh1,sh2" rule="mod-long" />
</schema>
    <dataNode name="sh1" dataHost="oldguo1" database= "taobao" />
    <dataNode name="sh2" dataHost="oldguo2" database= "taobao" />
    <dataHost name="oldguo1" maxCon="1000" minCon="10" balance="1"  writeType="0" dbType="mysql"  dbDriver="native" switchType="1">
        <heartbeat>select user()</heartbeat>
    <writeHost host="db1" url="192.168.122.103:3307" user="root" password="123">
            <readHost host="db2" url="192.168.122.103:3309" user="root" password="123" />
    </writeHost>
    <writeHost host="db3" url="192.168.122.104:3307" user="root" password="123">
            <readHost host="db4" url="192.168.122.104:3309" user="root" password="123" />
    </writeHost>
    </dataHost>
    <dataHost name="oldguo2" maxCon="1000" minCon="10" balance="1"  writeType="0" dbType="mysql"  dbDriver="native" switchType="1">
        <heartbeat>select user()</heartbeat>
    <writeHost host="db1" url="192.168.122.103:3308" user="root" password="123">
            <readHost host="db2" url="192.168.122.103:3310" user="root" password="123" />
    </writeHost>
    <writeHost host="db3" url="192.168.122.104:3308" user="root" password="123">
            <readHost host="db4" url="192.168.122.104:3310" user="root" password="123" />
    </writeHost>
    </dataHost>
</mycat:schema>
vim rule.xml
        <tableRule name="mod-long">
                <rule>
                        <columns>id</columns>
                        <algorithm>mod-long</algorithm>
                </rule>
        </tableRule>

 <function name="mod-long" class="io.mycat.route.function.PartitionByMod">
                <!-- how many data nodes -->
                <property name="count">2</property> ##只有2个主从节点 改成2
        </function>
检验结果：
mycat restart
分别登录后端节点查询数据 
mysql -uroot -p123456 -h10.0.0.52 -P8066
use TESTDB
insert into t4(id,name) values(1,'a');
insert into t4(id,name) values(2,'b');
insert into t4(id,name) values(3,'c');
insert into t4(id,name) values(4,'d');

mysql -S /data/3307/mysql.sock 
use taobao
select * from t4;
+----+------+
| id | name |
+----+------+
|  2 | b    |
|  4 | d    |
+----+------+
mysql -S /data/3308/mysql.sock 
use taobao
select * from t4;
+----+------+
| id | name |
+----+------+
|  1 | a    |
|  3 | c    |
+----+------+

枚举分片 sharding-by-intfile

mysql -S /data/3307/mysql.sock -e "use taobao;create table t5 (id int not null primary key auto_increment,name varchar(20) not null);"
mysql -S /data/3308/mysql.sock -e "use taobao;create table t5 (id int not null primary key auto_increment,name varchar(20) not null);"
vim schema.xml
<?xml version="1.0"?>
<!DOCTYPE mycat:schema SYSTEM "schema.dtd">
<mycat:schema xmlns:mycat="http://io.mycat/">
<schema name="TESTDB" checkSQLschema="false" sqlMaxLimit="100" dataNode="sh1">
        <table name="t5" dataNode="sh1,sh2" rule="sharding-by-intfile" />
</schema>
    <dataNode name="sh1" dataHost="oldguo1" database= "taobao" />
    <dataNode name="sh2" dataHost="oldguo2" database= "taobao" />
    <dataHost name="oldguo1" maxCon="1000" minCon="10" balance="1"  writeType="0" dbType="mysql"  dbDriver="native" switchType="1">
        <heartbeat>select user()</heartbeat>
    <writeHost host="db1" url="192.168.122.103:3307" user="root" password="123">
            <readHost host="db2" url="192.168.122.103:3309" user="root" password="123" />
    </writeHost>
    <writeHost host="db3" url="192.168.122.104:3307" user="root" password="123">
            <readHost host="db4" url="192.168.122.104:3309" user="root" password="123" />
    </writeHost>
    </dataHost>
    <dataHost name="oldguo2" maxCon="1000" minCon="10" balance="1"  writeType="0" dbType="mysql"  dbDriver="native" switchType="1">
        <heartbeat>select user()</heartbeat>
    <writeHost host="db1" url="192.168.122.103:3308" user="root" password="123">
            <readHost host="db2" url="192.168.122.103:3310" user="root" password="123" />
    </writeHost>
    <writeHost host="db3" url="192.168.122.104:3308" user="root" password="123">
            <readHost host="db4" url="192.168.122.104:3310" user="root" password="123" />
    </writeHost>
    </dataHost>
</mycat:schema>

vim rule.xml
  <tableRule name="sharding-by-intfile">
                <rule>
                        <columns>name</columns> ##修改成t5中name字段
                        <algorithm>hash-int</algorithm>
                </rule>
        </tableRule>
<function name="hash-int"
                          class="io.mycat.route.function.PartitionByFileMap">
                <property name="mapFile">partition-hash-int.txt</property>
                <property name="type">1</property>    ##使用字母枚举 默认数字
                <property name="defaultNode">0</property>
        </function>
vim partition-hash-int.txt
bj=0
sh=1
DEFAULT_NODE=1 ##兜底
columns 标识将要分片的表字段，algorithm 分片函数， 其中分片函数配置中，mapFile标识配置文件名称
mycat restart 
mysql -uroot -p123456 -h10.0.0.51 -P8066
use TESTDB
insert into t5(id,name) values(1,'bj');
insert into t5(id,name) values(2,'sh');
insert into t5(id,name) values(3,'bj');
insert into t5(id,name) values(4,'sh');
insert into t5(id,name) values(5,'tj');
mysql -S /data/3307/mysql.sock 
mysql> select * from taobao.t5;
+----+------+
| id | name |
+----+------+
|  2 | sh   |
|  4 | sh   |
+----+------+
mysql -S /data/3308/mysql.sock 
mysql> select * from taobao.t5;
+----+------+
| id | name |
+----+------+
|  3 | bj   |
|  5 | tj   |
+----+------+

Mycat 全局表 意思所有节点同步一样的数据不分片了

a   b   c  d   
join 
t 

select  t1.name   ,t.x  from  t1 
join t 
select  t2.name   ,t.x  from  t2 
join t 
select  t3.name   ,t.x  from  t3 
join t 

使用场景：
如果你的业务中有些数据类似于数据字典，比如配置文件的配置，
常用业务的配置或者数据量不大很少变动的表，这些表往往不是特别大，
而且大部分的业务场景都会用到，那么这种表适合于Mycat全局表，无须对数据进行切分，
要在所有的分片上保存一份数据即可，Mycat 在Join操作中，业务表与全局表进行Join聚合会优先选择相同分片内的全局表join，
避免跨库Join，在进行数据插入操作时，mycat将把数据分发到全局表对应的所有分片执行，在进行数据读取时候将会随机获取一个节点读取数据。 

vim schema.xml 
<?xml version="1.0"?>
<!DOCTYPE mycat:schema SYSTEM "schema.dtd">
<mycat:schema xmlns:mycat="http://io.mycat/">
<schema name="TESTDB" checkSQLschema="false" sqlMaxLimit="100" dataNode="sh1">
        <table name="t5" dataNode="sh1,sh2" rule="sharding-by-intfile" />
        <table name="t_area" primaryKey="id"  type="global" dataNode="sh1,sh2" />   ##添加这行
</schema>
    <dataNode name="sh1" dataHost="oldguo1" database= "taobao" />
    <dataNode name="sh2" dataHost="oldguo2" database= "taobao" />
    <dataHost name="oldguo1" maxCon="1000" minCon="10" balance="1"  writeType="0" dbType="mysql"  dbDriver="native" switchType="1">
        <heartbeat>select user()</heartbeat>
    <writeHost host="db1" url="192.168.122.103:3307" user="root" password="123">
            <readHost host="db2" url="192.168.122.103:3309" user="root" password="123" />
    </writeHost>
    <writeHost host="db3" url="192.168.122.104:3307" user="root" password="123">
            <readHost host="db4" url="192.168.122.104:3309" user="root" password="123" />
    </writeHost>
    </dataHost>
    <dataHost name="oldguo2" maxCon="1000" minCon="10" balance="1"  writeType="0" dbType="mysql"  dbDriver="native" switchType="1">
        <heartbeat>select user()</heartbeat>
    <writeHost host="db1" url="192.168.122.103:3308" user="root" password="123">
            <readHost host="db2" url="192.168.122.103:3310" user="root" password="123" />
    </writeHost>
    <writeHost host="db3" url="192.168.122.104:3308" user="root" password="123">
            <readHost host="db4" url="192.168.122.104:3310" user="root" password="123" />
    </writeHost>
    </dataHost>
</mycat:schema>
mysql -S /data/3307/mysql.sock -e "use taobao;create table t_area (id int not null primary key auto_increment,name varchar(20) not null);"

mysql -S /data/3308/mysql.sock -e "use taobao;create table t_area (id int not null primary key auto_increment,name varchar(20) not null);"
检查结果：
mycat restart 
mysql -uroot -p123456 -h10.0.0.52 -P8066

use TESTDB
insert into t_area(id,name) values(1,'a');
insert into t_area(id,name) values(2,'b');
insert into t_area(id,name) values(3,'c');
insert into t_area(id,name) values(4,'d');
mysql -S /data/3307/mysql.sock 
db02 [taobao]>select * from t_area;
+----+------+
| id | name |
+----+------+
|  1 | a    |
|  2 | b    |
|  3 | c    |
|  4 | d    |
+----+------+
mysql -S /data/3307/mysql.sock 
db01 [taobao]>select * from t_area;
+----+------+
| id | name |
+----+------+
|  1 | a    |
|  2 | b    |
|  3 | c    |
|  4 | d    |
+----+------+
两边数据一样

E-R分片

A 
join 
B  
为了防止跨分片join，可以使用E-R模式
A   join   B
on  a.xx=b.yy
join C
on A.id=C.id
<table name="A" dataNode="sh1,sh2" rule="mod-long"> 
       <childTable name="B" joinKey="yy" parentKey="xx" /> 
</table>
准备数据： 
mysql -S /data/3307/mysql.sock -e "use taobao;create table t_area (id int not null primary key auto_increment,name varchar(20) not null);"
mysql -S /data/3308/mysql.sock -e "use taobao;create table t_area (id int not null primary key auto_increment,name varchar(20) not null);"

vim schema.xml
<?xml version="1.0"?>
<!DOCTYPE mycat:schema SYSTEM "schema.dtd">
<mycat:schema xmlns:mycat="http://io.mycat/">
<schema name="TESTDB" checkSQLschema="false" sqlMaxLimit="100" dataNode="sh1">
        <table name="t4" dataNode="sh1,sh2" rule="mod-long" >
           <childTable name="t6" joinKey="id" parentKey="id" />   ##t6 t4的 id join
        </table>
</schema>
    <dataNode name="sh1" dataHost="oldguo1" database= "taobao" />
    <dataNode name="sh2" dataHost="oldguo2" database= "taobao" />
    <dataHost name="oldguo1" maxCon="1000" minCon="10" balance="1"  writeType="0" dbType="mysql"  dbDriver="native" switchType="1">
        <heartbeat>select user()</heartbeat>
    <writeHost host="db1" url="192.168.122.103:3307" user="root" password="123">
            <readHost host="db2" url="192.168.122.103:3309" user="root" password="123" />
    </writeHost>
    <writeHost host="db3" url="192.168.122.104:3307" user="root" password="123">
            <readHost host="db4" url="192.168.122.104:3309" user="root" password="123" />
    </writeHost>
    </dataHost>
    <dataHost name="oldguo2" maxCon="1000" minCon="10" balance="1"  writeType="0" dbType="mysql"  dbDriver="native" switchType="1">
        <heartbeat>select user()</heartbeat>
    <writeHost host="db1" url="192.168.122.103:3308" user="root" password="123">
            <readHost host="db2" url="192.168.122.103:3310" user="root" password="123" />
    </writeHost>
    <writeHost host="db3" url="192.168.122.104:3308" user="root" password="123">
            <readHost host="db4" url="192.168.122.104:3310" user="root" password="123" />
    </writeHost>
    </dataHost>
</mycat:schema>
检验结果
mycat restart
 mysql -uroot -p123456 -h 192.168.122.105 -P8066
insert into t6(id,name) values(1,'a');
insert into t6(id,name) values(2,'b');
insert into t6(id,name) values(3,'c');
insert into t6(id,name) values(4,'d');
insert into t6(id,name) values(5,'e');
insert into t6(id,name) values(6,'f');
insert into t6(id,name) values(7,'g');

mysql -S /data/3307/mysql.sock 
db02 [taobao]>select * from t4;
+----+------+
| id | name |
+----+------+
|  1 | a    |
|  3 | c    |
+----+------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

db02 [taobao]>select * from t6;
+----+------+
| id | name |
+----+------+
|  1 | a    |
|  3 | c    |
|  5 | e    |
|  7 | g    |
+----+------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
可以看到t6 根据t4的id规律来插入数据 方便同一主从 join数据