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前端发展趋势：WebAssembly、PWA 和响应式设计

悄然丝语 2023-12-26 阅读 12
PythonFlaskSQLAlchemyORM

随记

One To Many

单向

官方版本

class Parent(Base):
    __tablename__ = "parent_table"

    id: Mapped[int] = mapped_column(primary_key=True)
    # TODO relationship()
    # Parent --> Child
    children: Mapped[List["Child"]] = relationship()


class Child(Base):
    __tablename__ = "child_table"

    id: Mapped[int] = mapped_column(primary_key=True)
    parent_id: Mapped[int] = mapped_column(ForeignKey("parent_table.id"))
CompanyToApp

class CompanyInfoModel(db.Model):
    __tablename__ = "company_info"
    __table_args__ = {"comment": "公司表"}

    code = mapped_column(String(200), comment="公司编码", nullable=False, index=True)
    name = mapped_column(String(200), comment="公司名", nullable=False, index=True)
    detail = mapped_column(String(500), comment="描述", default="", nullable=False)
    
    # 官方版本使用 Mapped[List["AppInfoModel"]] 指定类型
    # app:Mapped[List["AppInfoModel"]] = relationship(back_populates="company")

    # 为了和上面的code、name 形式同一，我使用了下面这种方式，
    # TODO　单向绑定 company --> app
    app = relationship("AppInfoModel")


class AppInfoModel(db.Model):
    __tablename__ = "app_info"
    __table_args__ = {"comment": "应用表"}

    name = mapped_column(String(100), comment="应用名", nullable=False, index=True)
    secret = mapped_column(String(200), comment="secret", nullable=False, index=True)
    detail = mapped_column(String(500), comment="描述", default="", nullable=False)
    
    # 官方版本
    # company_id:Mapped[BIGINT] = mapped_column(ForeignKey("company_info.id"), index=True)

    # 单向绑定 或者 双向绑定，ForeignKey 是不变的
    company_id = mapped_column(BIGINT, ForeignKey("company_info.id"), index=True)

双向

官方版本

class Parent(Base):
    __tablename__ = "parent_table"

    id: Mapped[int] = mapped_column(primary_key=True)

    # TODO relationship(back_populates="parent")
    # 双向绑定，在 Parent 使用 back_populates 指定 Child 的属性 parent
    children: Mapped[List["Child"]] = relationship(back_populates="parent")


class Child(Base):
    __tablename__ = "child_table"

    id: Mapped[int] = mapped_column(primary_key=True)
    # ForeignKey 是不变的
    parent_id: Mapped[int] = mapped_column(ForeignKey("parent_table.id"))

    # 双向绑定，在 Child 增加 Parent 类型的属性 parent ，通过 back_populates 关联 children
    parent: Mapped["Parent"] = relationship(back_populates="children")
CompanyToApp

class CompanyInfoModel(db.Model):
    __tablename__ = "company_info"
    __table_args__ = {"comment": "公司表"}

    code = mapped_column(String(200), comment="公司编码", nullable=False, index=True)
    name = mapped_column(String(200), comment="公司名", nullable=False, index=True)
    detail = mapped_column(String(500), comment="描述", default="", nullable=False)
     
    # 双向绑定
    app = relationship("AppInfoModel", back_populates="company")


class AppInfoModel(db.Model):
    __tablename__ = "app_info"
    __table_args__ = {"comment": "应用表"}

    name = mapped_column(String(100), comment="应用名", nullable=False, index=True)
    secret = mapped_column(String(200), comment="secret", nullable=False, index=True)
    detail = mapped_column(String(500), comment="描述", default="", nullable=False) 

    # 单向绑定 或者 双向绑定，ForeignKey 是不变的
    company_id = mapped_column(BIGINT, ForeignKey("company_info.id"), index=True)
    
    # 双向绑定
    company = relationship("CompanyInfoModel", back_populates="app")

小结

  • ForeignKey 在多的一方
  • 不管单向还是双向 ForeignKey 都是必须的
  • 单向绑定：多的一方使用 relationship 即可，双向绑定需要 relationship + back_populates
  • 双向绑定：
    • 在类 CompanyInfoModel 增加类型为 AppInfoModel 的属性 app
    • 在类 AppInfoModel 增加类型为 CompanyInfoModel 的属性 company
    • 使用 back_populates 指向关联类的 关联属性
      • CompanyInfoModel.app --> AppInfoModel.company --> CompanyInfoModel
      • AppInfoModel.company --> CompanyInfoModel.app = AppInfoModel

Many To Many 间接

间接单向

官方

from typing import Optional

from sqlalchemy import ForeignKey
from sqlalchemy import Integer
from sqlalchemy.orm import Mapped
from sqlalchemy.orm import mapped_column
from sqlalchemy.orm import DeclarativeBase
from sqlalchemy.orm import relationship


class Base(DeclarativeBase):
    pass


class Association(Base):
    __tablename__ = "association_table"
    left_id: Mapped[int] = mapped_column(ForeignKey("left_table.id"), primary_key=True)
    right_id: Mapped[int] = mapped_column(
        ForeignKey("right_table.id"), primary_key=True
    )
    extra_data: Mapped[Optional[str]]
    child: Mapped["Child"] = relationship()


class Parent(Base):
    __tablename__ = "left_table"
    id: Mapped[int] = mapped_column(primary_key=True)
    children: Mapped[List["Association"]] = relationship()


class Child(Base):
    __tablename__ = "right_table"
    id: Mapped[int] = mapped_column(primary_key=True)
UserGroup2User

class UserUserGroupRelateModel(db.Model):
    __tablename__ = "user_usergroup_relate"
    __table_args__ = {"comment": "User_UserGroup_关联表"}

    user_id = mapped_column(ForeignKey("user_info.id"), primary_key=True, index=True)
    user_group_id = mapped_column(ForeignKey("user_group_info.id"), primary_key=True, index=True) 
    
    # 多对多 单向 官方
    # relate_user:Mapped[List["UserInfoModel"]] = relationship()
    # 多对多 单向 UserUserGroupRelateModel.relate_user 是 UserInfoModel 类型
    # UserGroupInfoModel.users_relate --> UserUserGroupRelateModel.relate_user --> UserInfoModel
    relate_user = relationship("UserInfoModel")


class UserGroupInfoModel(db.Model):
    __tablename__ = "user_group_info"
    __table_args__ = {"comment": "用户组表"}
 
    name = mapped_column(String(100), comment="用户组 组名", nullable=False, index=True) 
 
    # 多对多 间接 单向 官方
     # users_relate:Mapped[List["UserUserGroupRelateModel"]] = relationship()
    # 多对多 单向 UserGroupInfoModel.users_relate 是 UserUserGroupRelateModel 类型
    # UserGroupInfoModel.users_relate --> UserUserGroupRelateModel.relate_user --> UserInfoModel
    users_relate = relationship("UserUserGroupRelateModel")
 

class UserInfoModel(db.Model):
    __tablename__ = "user_info"
    __table_args__ = {"comment": "用户表"}

    code = mapped_column(String(200), comment="用户编码", nullable=False, index=True)
    name = mapped_column(String(100), comment="用户名", nullable=False, index=True)
    phone = mapped_column(String(100), comment="手机号", nullable=False, default="")
    email = mapped_column(String(100), comment="电子邮件", nullable=False, default="")

间接双向

官方
from typing import Optional

from sqlalchemy import ForeignKey
from sqlalchemy import Integer
from sqlalchemy.orm import Mapped
from sqlalchemy.orm import mapped_column
from sqlalchemy.orm import DeclarativeBase
from sqlalchemy.orm import relationship


class Base(DeclarativeBase):
    pass


class Association(Base):
    __tablename__ = "association_table"
    left_id: Mapped[int] = mapped_column(ForeignKey("left_table.id"), primary_key=True)
    right_id: Mapped[int] = mapped_column(
        ForeignKey("right_table.id"), primary_key=True
    )
    extra_data: Mapped[Optional[str]]
    child: Mapped["Child"] = relationship(back_populates="parents")
    parent: Mapped["Parent"] = relationship(back_populates="children")


class Parent(Base):
    __tablename__ = "left_table"
    id: Mapped[int] = mapped_column(primary_key=True)
    children: Mapped[List["Association"]] = relationship(back_populates="parent")


class Child(Base):
    __tablename__ = "right_table"
    id: Mapped[int] = mapped_column(primary_key=True)
    parents: Mapped[List["Association"]] = relationship(back_populates="child")
UserGroup2User


class UserUserGroupRelateModel(db.Model):
    __tablename__ = "user_usergroup_relate"
    __table_args__ = {"comment": "User_UserGroup_关联表"}

    user_id = mapped_column(ForeignKey("user_info.id"), primary_key=True, index=True)
    user_group_id = mapped_column(ForeignKey("user_group_info.id"), primary_key=True, index=True) 
    
    # 多对多 间接双向 官方
    # relate_user:Mapped["UserInfoModel"] = relationship(back_populates="groups_relate")
    # relate_user_group:Mapped["UserGroupInfoModel"] = relationship(back_populates="users_relate") 
    # 多对多 间接单向 UserUserGroupRelateModel.relate_user 是 UserInfoModel 类型
    relate_user = relationship("UserInfoModel", back_populates="groups_relate")
    relate_user_group = relationship("UserGroupInfoModel", back_populates="users_relate")
 



class UserGroupInfoModel(db.Model):
    __tablename__ = "user_group_info"
    __table_args__ = {"comment": "用户组表"}
 
    name = mapped_column(String(100), comment="用户组 组名", nullable=False, index=True) 
 
    # 多对多 间接双向 官方
    # users_relate:Mapped[List["UserUserGroupRelateModel"]] = relationship(back_populates="relate_user_group")
    # 多对多 间接双向 
    # 间接双向 约等于 两个单向
    # UserGroupInfoModel.users_relate 是 UserUserGroupRelateModel 类型
    # UserUserGroupRelateModel.relate_user_group 是 UserGroupInfoModel 类型
    # UserGroupInfoModel.users_relate --> UserUserGroupRelateModel.relate_user_group --> UserGroupInfoModel
    users_relate = relationship("UserUserGroupRelateModel", back_populates="relate_user_group")
 

class UserInfoModel(db.Model):
    __tablename__ = "user_info"
    __table_args__ = {"comment": "用户表"}

    code = mapped_column(String(200), comment="用户编码", nullable=False, index=True)
    name = mapped_column(String(100), comment="用户名", nullable=False, index=True)
    phone = mapped_column(String(100), comment="手机号", nullable=False, default="")
    email = mapped_column(String(100), comment="电子邮件", nullable=False, default="")

    # 多对多 间接双向 官方
    # groups_relate:Mapped[List["UserUserGroupRelateModel"]] = relationship(back_populates="relate_user")
    # 多对多 间接双向 
    # 间接双向 约等于 两个单向
    # UserInfoModel.groups_relate 是 UserUserGroupRelateModel 类型
    # UserUserGroupRelateModel.relate_user 是 UserInfoModel 类型
    # UserInfoModel.groups_relate --> UserUserGroupRelateModel.relate_user --> UserInfoModel
    groups_relate = relationship("UserUserGroupRelateModel", back_populates="relate_user")

文章目录

间接（关联对象） 小结

  • 多对多需要借助第三方 UserUserGroupRelateModel
  • 单向只需要 relationship，双向需要 relationship + back_populates
  • 多对多的单向，单向只需要 relationship
    • 在类 UserGroupInfoModel 增加类型为 UserUserGroupRelateModel 的属性 users_relate
    • 在类 UserUserGroupRelateModel 增加类型为 UserInfoModel 的属性 relate_user
    • UserGroupInfoModel.users_relate --> UserUserGroupRelateModel.relate_user -->UserInfoModel
  • 多对多的双向
    • UserGroupInfoModel.users_relate --> UserUserGroupRelateModel.relate_user --> UserInfoModel
      • 在类 UserGroupInfoModel 增加类型为 UserUserGroupRelateModel 的属性 users_relate
      • 在类 UserUserGroupRelateModel 增加类型为 UserInfoModel 的属性 relate_user
    • UserInfoModel.groups_relate --> UserUserGroupRelateModel.relate_user_group --> UserGroupInfoModel
      • 在类 UserInfoModel 增加类型为 UserUserGroupRelateModel 的属性 groups_relate
      • 在类 UserUserGroupRelateModel 增加类型为 UserGroupInfoModel 的属性 relate_user_group
    • 通过 back_populates 关联对应类型的 关联属性
      • UserGroupInfoModel.users_relate --> UserUserGroupRelateModel.relate_user_group --> UserGroupInfoModel
        • 类 UserGroupInfoModel的属性 users_relate 是 UserUserGroupRelateModel 类型
        • 类 UserUserGroupRelateModel的属性 relate_user_group 是 UserGroupInfoModel 类型
      • UserInfoModel.groups_relate --> UserUserGroupRelateModel.relate_user --> UserInfoModel
        • 类 UserInfoModel的属性 groups_relate 是 UserUserGroupRelateModel 类型
        • 类 UserUserGroupRelateModel的属性 relate_user 是 UserInfoModel 类型

Many To Many 间接 + 直接

Many To Many 直接


class UserUserGroupRelateModel(db.Model):
    __tablename__ = "user_usergroup_relate"
    __table_args__ = {"comment": "User_UserGroup_关联表"}

    user_id = mapped_column(ForeignKey("user_info.id"), primary_key=True, index=True)
    user_group_id = mapped_column(ForeignKey("user_group_info.id"), primary_key=True, index=True) 
    

class UserGroupInfoModel(db.Model):
    __tablename__ = "user_group_info"
    __table_args__ = {"comment": "用户组表"}
 
    name = mapped_column(String(100), comment="用户组 组名", nullable=False, index=True) 
 
    # # 多对多 双向绑定 官方
    # user:Mapped[List["UserInfoModel"]] = relationship(secondary="user_usergroup_relate", back_populates="group")
    # 多对多 双向直接
    user = relationship("UserInfoModel",secondary="user_usergroup_relate", back_populates="group")
 

class UserInfoModel(db.Model):
    __tablename__ = "user_info"
    __table_args__ = {"comment": "用户表"}

    code = mapped_column(String(200), comment="用户编码", nullable=False, index=True)
    name = mapped_column(String(100), comment="用户名", nullable=False, index=True)
    phone = mapped_column(String(100), comment="手机号", nullable=False, default="")
    email = mapped_column(String(100), comment="电子邮件", nullable=False, default="")

    # # 多对多 双向直接 官方
    # group:Mapped[List["UserGroupInfoModel"]] = relationship(secondary="user_usergroup_relate", back_populates="user")
    # 多对多 双向直接
    group = relationship("UserGroupInfoModel", secondary="user_usergroup_relate", back_populates="user")

Many To Many 间接+直接

    
class UserUserGroupRelateModel(db.Model):
    __tablename__ = "user_usergroup_relate"
    __table_args__ = {"comment": "User_UserGroup_关联表"}

    user_id = mapped_column(ForeignKey("user_info.id"), primary_key=True, index=True)
    user_group_id = mapped_column(ForeignKey("user_group_info.id"), primary_key=True, index=True) 
    
    # 多对多 间接双向 
    relate_user = relationship("UserInfoModel", back_populates="groups_relate")
    relate_user_group = relationship("UserGroupInfoModel", back_populates="users_relate")
 



class UserGroupInfoModel(db.Model):
    __tablename__ = "user_group_info"
    __table_args__ = {"comment": "用户组表"}
 
    name = mapped_column(String(100), comment="用户组 组名", nullable=False, index=True) 
 
    # 多对多 间接双向 
    users_relate = relationship("UserUserGroupRelateModel", back_populates="relate_user_group")
 
    # 多对多 双向直接
    user_list = relationship("UserInfoModel",secondary="user_usergroup_relate", back_populates="group_list")
 

class UserInfoModel(db.Model):
    __tablename__ = "user_info"
    __table_args__ = {"comment": "用户表"}

    code = mapped_column(String(200), comment="用户编码", nullable=False, index=True)
    name = mapped_column(String(100), comment="用户名", nullable=False, index=True)
    phone = mapped_column(String(100), comment="手机号", nullable=False, default="")
    email = mapped_column(String(100), comment="电子邮件", nullable=False, default="")

    # 多对多 间接双向 
    groups_relate = relationship("UserUserGroupRelateModel", back_populates="relate_user")

    # 多对多 双向直接
    group_list = relationship("UserGroupInfoModel", secondary="user_usergroup_relate", back_populates="user_list")

小结

  • 直接 或者 间接都必须存在第三方 UserUserGroupRelateModel
    • 直接：可以跳过第三方，直接关联另一方
      • UserGroupInfoModel.user_list[0] --> UserInfoModel
        • 类 UserGroupInfoModel的属性 user_list （的每一项都）是 UserInfoModel 类型
      • UserInfoModel.group_list[0] --> UserGroupInfoModel
        • 类 UserInfoModel的属性 group_list 是 UserGroupInfoModel 类型
      • back_populates 关联另一方的 关联属性
        • UserGroupInfoModel.user_list back_populates UserInfoModel.group_list
        • UserInfoModel.group_list back_populates UserGroupInfoModel.user_list
    • 间接：必须通过第三方才能获取另一方
      • UserGroupInfoModel.users_relate --> UserUserGroupRelateModel.relate_user --> UserInfoModel
      • UserInfoModel.groups_relate --> UserUserGroupRelateModel.relate_user_group --> UserGroupInfoModel
  • 两者存在冲突，即通过直接方式修改的数据，在同一个session 里没办法同步到间接，反之亦然。
  • 如果关联对象没有特殊的属性，建议选择直接方式
    • 直接方式的 model 只需要在两个多方添加属性
    • 访问数据是可以直接跳过 第三方 ，直接得到另一方的列表 UserGroupInfoModel.user_list
    • 避免存在直接+间接时可能造成的影响

Source Code

到此结  DragonFangQy 2023.12.25

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