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maven进阶

驚鴻飛雪 2022-03-12 阅读 23
mavenjavajar

Maven高阶教程

平时天天用maven,大部分只用了基本功能,很多高级功能都不是特别熟悉,导致遇到问题的时候不知道从何入手.

于是整理一下常见的maven进阶功能.

约定配置篇

Maven 提倡使用一个共同的标准目录结构，Maven 使用约定优于配置的原则，大家尽可能的遵守这样的目录结构。如下所示：

目录目的
${basedir}存放pom.xml和所有的子目录
${basedir}/src/main/java项目的java源代码
${basedir}/src/main/resources项目的资源，比如说property文件，springmvc.xml
${basedir}/src/test/java项目的测试类，比如说Junit代码
${basedir}/src/test/resources测试用的资源
${basedir}/src/main/webapp/WEB-INFweb应用文件目录，web项目的信息，比如存放web.xml、本地图片、jsp视图页面
${basedir}/target打包输出目录
${basedir}/target/classes编译输出目录
${basedir}/target/test-classes测试编译输出目录
Test.javaMaven只会自动运行符合该命名规则的测试类
~/.m2/repositoryMaven默认本地仓库目录位置

命令篇

  • mvn clean：清理

  • mvn compile：编译主程序

  • mvn test-compile：编译测试程序

  • mvn test：执行测试

  • mvn package：打包

  • mvn install：安装

  • mvn deploy: 部署

    deploy 插件在2.7之前需要指定repo.不然会报错. 2.7之后会按照settings.xml的默认repo部署

插件篇

maven-compiler-plugin

设置maven编译的jdk版本和其他细节，maven3默认用jdk1.5，maven2默认用jdk1.3

<plugin>
    <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
    <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
    <configuration>
        <source>${maven-compiler-source.version}</source>	<!-- 源码使用的jdk版本 -->
        <target>${maven-compiler-target.version}</target>	<!-- 需要生成的目标class文件的编译版本 -->
        <showWarnings>true</showWarnings>
        <encoding>UTF-8</encoding>	<!-- 字符集编码 -->
        <skipTests>true</skipTests>	<!-- 跳过测试 -->
        <annotationProcessorPaths>
            <path>
                <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
                <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
                <version>${lombok.version}</version>
            </path>
            <path>
                <groupId>org.mapstruct</groupId>
                <artifactId>mapstruct-processor</artifactId>
                <version>${mapstruct.version}</version>
            </path>
        </annotationProcessorPaths>
    </configuration>
</plugin>
maven-jar-plugin

顾名思义,打jar包的插件,配置打jar包的一些细节

<plugin>
    <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
    <artifactId>maven-jar-plugin</artifactId>
    <configuration>
        <classesDirectory>target/classes/</classesDirectory>
        <archive>
            <manifest>
                <mainClass>com.alibaba.dubbo.container.Main</mainClass>
                <!-- 打包时 MANIFEST.MF文件不记录的时间戳版本 -->
                <!--自动加载META-INF/spring目录下的所有Spring配置-->
                <useUniqueVersions>false</useUniqueVersions>
                <addClasspath>true</addClasspath>
                <classpathPrefix>lib/</classpathPrefix>
            </manifest>
            <manifestEntries>
                <Class-Path>.</Class-Path>
            </manifestEntries>
        </archive>
    </configuration>
</plugin>

maven-source-plugin

打包源码插件

注意: 在多项目构建中, 将source-plugin置于顶层或parent的pom中并不会发挥作用,必须置于具体项目的pom中

<plugin>
    <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
    <artifactId>maven-source-plugin</artifactId>
    <executions>
        <execution>
            <id>attach-sources</id>
            <goals>
                <goal>jar</goal>
            </goals>
        </execution>
    </executions>
</plugin>
maven-resource-plugin

说明: 该插件处理项目的资源文件拷贝到输出目录. 可以分别处理main resource和test resource

<plugin>
    <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
    <artifactId>maven-resources-plugin</artifactId>
    <version>3.0.1</version>
    <configuration>
          <encoding>UTF-8</encoding>
     </configuration>
 </plugin>
maven-dependency-plugin

自动拷贝jar包到target目录

<!-- 依赖插件 -->  
<plugin>  
    <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>  
    <artifactId>maven-dependency-plugin</artifactId>  
    <version>2.6</version>  
    <executions>  
        <execution>  
            <id>copy-dependencies</id>  
            <phase>compile</phase>  
            <goals>  
                <goal>copy-dependencies</goal>  
            </goals>  
            <configuration>  
                <!-- ${project.build.directory}为Maven内置变量，缺省为target -->  
                <outputDirectory>${project.build.directory}/lib</outputDirectory>  
                <!-- 表示是否不包含间接依赖的包 -->  
                <excludeTransitive>false</excludeTransitive>  
                <!-- 表示复制的jar文件去掉版本信息 -->  
                <stripVersion>true</stripVersion>  
            </configuration>  
        </execution>  
    </executions>  
</plugin>

maven-assembly-plugin

整合项目输出,包括依赖,木块,网站文档和其他文档到一个单独的文档,即可用定制化打包

创建的文档格式包括: zip, tar, tar.gz(tgz), gar.bz2(tbgz2), jar, dir, war等. 四种预定义的描述器可用: bin, jar-with-dependencies, src, project

<plugin>
    <artifactId>maven-assembly-plugin</artifactId>
    <version>3.0.0</version>
    <configuration>
        <descriptorRefs>
            <descriptorRef>jar-with-dependencies</descriptorRef>
        </descriptorRefs>
    </configuration>
    <executions>
        <execution>
            <id>make-assembly</id> <!-- this is used for inheritance merges -->
            <phase>package</phase> <!-- bind to the packaging phase -->
            <goals>
                <goal>single</goal>
            </goals>
        </execution>
    </executions>
</plugin>

<assembly xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/ASSEMBLY/2.0.0"
          xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
          xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/ASSEMBLY/2.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/assembly-2.0.0.xsd">
    <id>bin</id>
    <formats>
        <format>tar.gz</format>
        <format>tar.bz2</format>
        <format>zip</format>
    </formats>
    <fileSets>
        <fileSet>
            <directory>${project.basedir}</directory>
            <outputDirectory>/</outputDirectory>
            <includes>
                <include>README*</include>
                <include>LICENSE*</include>
                <include>NOTICE*</include>
            </includes>
        </fileSet>
        <fileSet>
            <directory>${project.build.directory}</directory>
            <outputDirectory>/</outputDirectory>
            <includes>
                <include>*.jar</include>
            </includes>
        </fileSet>
        <fileSet>
            <directory>${project.build.directory}/site</directory>
            <outputDirectory>docs</outputDirectory>
        </fileSet>
    </fileSets>
</assembly>

<assembly xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/ASSEMBLY/2.0.0"
          xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
          xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/ASSEMBLY/2.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/assembly-2.0.0.xsd">
    <!-- TODO: a jarjar format would be better -->
    <id>jar-with-dependencies</id>
    <formats>
        <format>jar</format>
    </formats>
    <includeBaseDirectory>false</includeBaseDirectory>
    <dependencySets>
        <dependencySet>
            <outputDirectory>/</outputDirectory>
            <useProjectArtifact>true</useProjectArtifact>
            <unpack>true</unpack>
            <scope>runtime</scope>
        </dependencySet>
    </dependencySets>
</assembly>

<assembly xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/ASSEMBLY/2.0.0"
          xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
          xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/ASSEMBLY/2.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/assembly-2.0.0.xsd">
    <id>src</id>
    <formats>
        <format>tar.gz</format>
        <format>tar.bz2</format>
        <format>zip</format>
    </formats>
    <fileSets>
        <fileSet>
            <directory>${project.basedir}</directory>
            <includes>
                <include>README*</include>
                <include>LICENSE*</include>
                <include>NOTICE*</include>
                <include>pom.xml</include>
            </includes>
            <useDefaultExcludes>true</useDefaultExcludes>
        </fileSet>
        <fileSet>
            <directory>${project.basedir}/src</directory>
            <useDefaultExcludes>true</useDefaultExcludes>
        </fileSet>
    </fileSets>
</assembly>

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