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c++继承层次结构实践


目录

​​一  polymorphic_value.cpp​​

​​二 AbstractClassReference.cpp ​​

​​三 baseCallDeriveFun.cpp ​​

​​四 ReferencesBaseObjectsWithDerivedClassPointers.cpp​​

​​五  参考链接​​

类库开发实践。

一  polymorphic_value.cpp

//https://www.zhihu.com/question/564819820/answer/2747041093

#include <iostream>
#include <vector>
#include <array>
#include <iterator>
#include <memory>
#include <utility>
#include <typeinfo>
#include <cassert>
#include <QCoreApplication>

class Shape
{
public:
std::unique_ptr<Shape> Clone() const
{
std::unique_ptr<Shape> result = DoClone();
assert(typeid(*result) == typeid(*this) && "Every derived class must correctly override DoClone.");
return result;
}

virtual void Draw() = 0;

virtual ~Shape() = default;
protected:
Shape() = default;

Shape(const Shape&) = default;
Shape(Shape &&) = default;
Shape& operator=(const Shape&) = default;
Shape& operator=(Shape&&) = default;

private:
virtual std::unique_ptr<Shape> DoClone() const = 0;
};

class Circle : public Shape
{

public:
void Draw() override
{
std::cout << "Draw a circle." << std::endl;
}

private:
std::unique_ptr<Shape> DoClone() const override
{
return std::make_unique<Circle>(*this);
}
};

class Square : public Shape
{

public:
void Draw() override
{
std::cout << "Draw a Square." << std::endl;
}

private:
std::unique_ptr<Shape> DoClone() const override
{
return std::make_unique<Square>(*this);
}
};


class Picture
{
public:
explicit Picture(std::unique_ptr<Shape> shape):shape_(std::move(shape)){};

explicit Picture(const Shape& shape):shape_(shape.Clone()){}

Picture(const Picture &rhs) : shape_(rhs.shape_->Clone()){}

Picture& operator=(const Picture& rhs)
{
if(this!=&rhs)
{
shape_ = rhs.shape_->Clone();
}
return *this;
}

Picture(Picture&&) = default;

Picture& operator=(Picture&&) = default;
~Picture() = default;

void ChangeShape(std::unique_ptr<Shape> shape)
{
shape_ = std::move(shape);
}

void ChangeShape(const Shape& shape)
{
shape_ = shape.Clone();
}

void Draw()
{
shape_->Draw();
}

private:
std::unique_ptr<Shape> shape_;
};

int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
QCoreApplication a(argc, argv);

Picture picture1(std::make_unique<Circle>());
picture1.Draw();
Picture picture2(std::make_unique<Square>());
picture2.Draw();

Picture picture3(picture1);
picture3.Draw();

picture3 = picture2;
picture3.Draw();

Picture picture4(std::move(picture1));
picture4.Draw();
picture4 = std::move(picture2);
picture4.Draw();

Picture picture5(std::move(picture1));
picture5.Draw();
picture5.ChangeShape(std::make_unique<Square>());
picture5.Draw();

Circle circle;
Square square;

Picture picture6(circle);
picture6.Draw();
picture6.ChangeShape(square);
picture6.Draw();

Picture picture7(Circle{});
picture7.Draw();
picture7.ChangeShape(Square{});
picture7.Draw();

std::vector<Picture> pictures1;
pictures1.emplace_back(std::make_unique<Circle>());
pictures1.emplace_back(std::make_unique<Square>());
pictures1.emplace_back(Circle{});
pictures1.emplace_back(Square{});
for(auto& picture : pictures1)
{
picture.Draw();
}

std::vector<std::unique_ptr<Shape>> shapes1;
shapes1.push_back(std::make_unique<Circle>());
shapes1.push_back(std::make_unique<Square>());
for(auto& shape : shapes1 )
{
shape->Draw();
}

std::vector<Picture> pictures2{picture3,picture4,picture5,picture6,picture7};
std::vector<Picture> pictures3(pictures1);
std::vector<Picture> pictures4(std::move(pictures1));

pictures3 = pictures2;
pictures4 = std::move(pictures2);

std::vector<std::unique_ptr<Shape>> shapes2;
shapes2.push_back(std::make_unique<Circle>());
shapes2.push_back(std::make_unique<Circle>());
shapes2.push_back(std::make_unique<Circle>());

auto init = std::to_array<std::unique_ptr<Shape>>({std::make_unique<Circle>(), std::make_unique<Square>()});
std::vector<std::unique_ptr<Shape>> shape3(std::make_move_iterator(init.begin()), std::make_move_iterator(init.end()));

std::vector<std::unique_ptr<Shape>> shapes5(std::move(shapes1));
shapes5 = std::move(shapes2);

return a.exec();
}

二 AbstractClassReference.cpp 



#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
class Number
{
public:
Number(int i)
{
val=i;
}
virtual void show()const=0;//纯虚函数
protected:
int val;
};

class Hex:public Number
{
public:
Hex(int i):Number(i){ }
void show()const//别忘记后面的const
{cout<<"Hex="<<val<<endl;}
};

class Dex:public Number
{
public:
Dex(int i):Number(i) { }
void show()const
{cout<<"Dex="<<val<<endl;}
};

class Oct:public Number
{
public:
Oct(int i):Number(i) { }
void show()const
{
cout<<"Oct="<<val<<endl;
}
};

void fun(Number &n)//普通函数定义引用抽象类的引用参数
{
n.show();
}

void FUNShared(shared_ptr<Number> n)
{
n->show();
}

int main()
{
#if 0
Dex n1(50);
fun(n1);//Dex::show();
Hex n2(70);
fun(n2);//Hex::show()
Oct n3(29);
fun(n3);//Oct::show()
#else

// shared_ptr<Dex> n1(new Dex(50));
// auto n1 = std::make_shared<Dex>(50);

shared_ptr<Dex> n1 = std::make_shared<Dex>(50);
FUNShared((std::shared_ptr<Number>)(n1));//Dex::show();
FUNShared(static_pointer_cast<Number> (n1));//Dex::show();

shared_ptr<Hex> n2 = std::make_shared<Hex>(70);
FUNShared(static_pointer_cast<Number> (n2));//Hex::show()

shared_ptr<Oct> n3 = std::make_shared<Oct>(29);
FUNShared(static_pointer_cast<Number> (n3));//Hex::show()

auto p2 = std::make_shared<string>("s");

#endif

}

三 baseCallDeriveFun.cpp 



#include<iostream>
#include<cstring>
#include<memory.h>>
using namespace std;
class A_class
{
char name[20];
public:
void put_name(char * s)
{
strcpy_s(name,s);
}
void show_name()const
{cout<<name<<"\n";}
};
class B_class:public A_class
{
char phone_num[20];
public:
void put_phone(char * num)
{strcpy_s(phone_num,num);}
void show_phone()const
{cout<<phone_num<<"\n";}
};

int main()
{
#if 0
A_class * A_p;
A_class A_obj;
B_class B_obj;
A_p=&A_obj;
A_p->put_name((char*)"Wang Liao hua");
A_p->show_name();
A_p=&B_obj;//基类指针指向派生类指针
A_p->put_name((char*)"chen ming");//调用基类成员函数
A_p->show_name();
B_obj.put_phone((char*)"3333_12345678");//调用派生类成员函数
((B_class*)A_p)->show_phone();//对基类指针进行强制化转化

//wrong
// A_p=&B_obj;
// A_p->put_phone((char*)"3333_12345678");
// A_p->show_phone();

#else

// cout << "使用智能指针" << endl;
shared_ptr<A_class> *A_p;
// shared_ptr<A_class*> A_p;
shared_ptr<A_class> A_obj = make_shared<A_class>();
shared_ptr<B_class> B_obj = make_shared<B_class>();

A_p=&A_obj;
A_p->get()->put_name((char*)"Wang Liao hua");
A_p->get()->show_name();

//基类指针指向派生类指针 TODO
// A_p=&B_obj;
// A_p = std::dynamic_pointer_cast<B_class>(B_obj);
// A_p = static_pointer_cast<B_class>(B_obj);
// static_pointer_cast<B_class>(A_p)->get()->put_name((char*)"chen ming");//调用基类成员函数
// A_p->get()->show_name();
// static_pointer_cast<B_class>(A_p)->get()->put_name((char*)"chen ming");//调用基类成员函数
// B_obj->get()->put_phone((char*)"3333_12345678");//调用派生类成员函数
// ((B_class*)A_p)->show_phone();//对基类指针进行强制化转化
// static_pointer_cast<B_class>(A_p)->show_phone();

#endif


}

四 ReferencesBaseObjectsWithDerivedClassPointers.cpp



#include<iostream>
#include<cstring>
using namespace std;

class Date
{

public:
Date(int y,int m,int d)
{
SetDate(y,m,d);
}

void SetDate(int y,int m,int d)
{
year=y;
month=m;
day=d;
}

void print()
{
cout<<year<<'\''<<month<<"\'"<<day<<";";
}

protected:
int year,month,day;
};

class Datetime:public Date
{

public:
Datetime(int y,int m,int d,int h,int mi,int s):Date(y,m,d)
{
settime(h,mi,s);
}

void settime(int h,int mi,int s)
{
hours=h;
minutes=mi;
seconds=s;
}

void print()const
{
cout<<hours<<":"<<minutes<<":"<<seconds<<":"<<'\n';
}

private:
int hours,minutes,seconds;
};

int main()
{

#if 0

// Datetime dt(2021,12,22,12,30,0);
// Datetime*pdt=&dt;
// ((Date)dt).print();//对象类型的转化,调用基类函数
// dt.print();
// ((Date*)pdt)->print();//对象指针类型的转化,调用基类函数
// pdt->print();

#else

std::shared_ptr<Datetime> dt(new Datetime(2021,12,22,12,30,0));
std::shared_ptr<Datetime> *pdt = &dt;
static_pointer_cast<Date>(dt)->print();
dt->print();//2021'12'22;12:30:0:

// ((Date*)pdt)->print();
// pdt->get()->print();//-1648667856'428'-1648667760;12:30:0:

((std::shared_ptr<Date> *)pdt)->get()->print();
pdt->get()->print();//2021'12'22;12:30:0:

#endif

// shared_ptr<int> p(new int(1));
// shared_ptr<int> p1 = p; // p和p1指向同一块内存
// shared_ptr<int> p2;
// // 使用reset初始化share_ptr
// p2.reset(new int(1)); // p2和p3指向同一块内存
// shared_ptr<int> p3(p2);
// cout << (int*)&(*p) << endl;
// cout << (int*)&(*p1) << endl;
// cout << (int*)&(*p2) << endl;
// cout << (int*)&(*p3) << endl;

// shared_ptr<void> point(new int(1)); //共享指针内部保存void型指针
// shared_ptr<int> point1(static_cast<int *>(point.get())); //compile error,undefined pointer
// static_pointer_cast<int *>(point); // OK

// static_pointer_cast
// dynamic_pointer_cast
// const_pointer_cast
}

五  参考链接


https://www.zhihu.com/question/564819820/answer/2747041093

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