基本聊天程序
先来个基本的测试例子：
Main.py
from asyncore import dispatcher
import socket,asyncore
PORT = 11223
class ChatServer(dispatcher):
def __init__(self, port):
dispatcher.__init__(self)
self.create_socket(socket.AF_INET ,socket.SOCK_STREAM)
self.set_reuse_addr()
self.bind(('',port))
self.listen(5)
def handle_accept(self):
conn,addr = self.accept()
print ('Connection attempt from',addr[0])
if __name__ == '__main__':
s = ChatServer(PORT)
try:asyncore.loop()
except KeyboardInterrupt:pass
上面是服务器段程序，接受到连接之后马上在服务器上显示对方IP，但是不保持连接。客户端测试的话很简单，可以自己写一个socket的连接，也可以为了省事直接本地开启telnet就行了，开启telnet的方法是，在开始菜单里搜索：
然后确定，之后cmd里直接telnet就行了。
运行上面的main.py,然后客户端链接服务端：
Cmd->telnet : open 127.0.0.1 11223
Python服务器脚本流程。接下来实现一个基本的聊天程序用来练手。
实现的基本功能（虚拟茶会话） 测试环境python 3.6.0[python基础教程上的代码不能直接在3.6.0版本上跑，以下是改过的虚拟茶会话]
功能：
login name 登录房间
logout 退出房间
say XXXX 发言
look 查看同一个房间内的人
who 查看谁登陆了当前服务器
测试截图
简单说下设计结构：
CommandHandler类 ： 处理命令的，函数存在则执行，不存在则直接走unknown函数。结合着try和getattr函数python可以直接尝试去执行一个不确定存不存在的函数。[我一直在想，别的语言要怎么实现这个东西，是创建虚拟工厂？对了想起来了，干脆就创建一些函数，然后把函数名字格式化封装在一个void指针容器里的了。函数格式化要统一]
Room类：表示一个房间，里面有一些对房间人[链接]数据结构的增加删除操作，同时还有相关广播函数，用于把消息发给所有人。
LoginRoom类，里面有成功登陆房间，登陆房间失败以及登陆操作，比如问候登陆者，同时通知别人有人登陆等细节。
LogoutRoom类，登出房间类，用户登出房间时候进行的一些数据结构处理。
ChatRoom类，聊天室类，主要就是封装了一些功能函数。比如say look who等等。
ChatSession，ChatServer 类基本的服务器程序需要的，分别继承async_chat和dispatcher，处理一些服务器参数，以及重载设置一些处理函数等。
详细代码如下[注意本代码测试于python3.6.0]
#!/usr/bin/env python3
__author__ = 'tcstory'
from asyncore import dispatcher
from asynchat import async_chat
import socket, asyncore
PORT=5005
NAME='TestChat'
class EndSession(Exception): pass
class CommandHandler:
'''
Simple command handler similar to cmd.Cmd from the standard library
'''
def unknown(self, session, cmd):
'Respond to an unknown command'
session.push('Unkonw command: {0}\r\n'.format(cmd).encode())
def handle(self, session, line):
'Handle a received line from a given session'
if not line.strip():
return
#Split off the command
parts = line.split(' ', 1)
cmd = parts[0]
try:
line=parts[1].strip()
except IndexError:
line=''
#Try to find a handler
meth=getattr(self,'do_'+cmd,None)
try:
#Assume it's callable
meth(session,line)
except TypeError:
#If it isn't ,respond to the unknown command
self.unknown(session,cmd)
class Room(CommandHandler):
'''
A generic environment that may contain one or more users(sessions).it takes care of basic command handling and broadcasting.
'''
def __init__(self,server):
self.server=server
self.sessions=[]
def add(self,session):
'A session(user) has entered the room'
self.sessions.append(session)
def remove(self,session):
'A session (user) has left the room'
self.sessions.remove(session)
def broadcast(self,line):
'Send a line to all sessions in the room'
for session in self.sessions:
session.push(line.encode())
def do_logout(self,session,line):
'Respond to the logout command'
raise EndSession
class LoginRoom(Room):
'''
A room meant for a single person who has just connected
'''
def add(self,session):
Room.add(self,session)
#When a user enters,greet him/her
self.broadcast('Welcome to {0}\r\n'.format(self.server.name))
def unknown(self, session, cmd):
#All unknown commands (anything except login or logout)
#results in a prodding
session.push('Please log in\nUse "login <nick>"\r\n'.encode())
def do_login(self,session,line):
name=line.strip()
#Make sure the user has entered a name
if not name:
session.push('Please enter a name\r\n'.encode())
#Make sure that the name isn't in use
elif name in self.server.users:
session.push('The name {0} is taken.\r\n'.format(name).encode())
session.push('Please try again.\r\n'.encode())
else:
#The name is OK,os it is stored in the session.and
#the user is moved into the main room
session.name=name
session.enter(self.server.main_room)
class ChatRoom(Room):
'''
A room meant for multiple users who can chat with the others in the room
'''
def add(self,session):
#Notify everyone that a new user has entered
self.broadcast('{0} has entered the room.\r\n'.format(session.name))
self.server.users[session.name]=session
Room.add(self,session)
def remove(self,session):
Room.remove(self,session)
#Notify everyone that a user has left
self.broadcast('{0} has left the room.\r\n'.format(session.name))
def do_say(self,session,line):
self.broadcast(('{0}: '+line+'\r\n').format(session.name))
def do_look(self,session,line):
'Handles the look command,used to see who is in a room'
session.push('The following are in this room:\r\n'.encode())
for other in self.sessions:
session.push('{0}\r\n'.format(other.name).encode())
def do_who(self,session,line):
'Handles the who command ,used to see who is logged in'
session.push('The following are logged in:\r\n'.encode())
for name in self.server.users:
session.push('{0}\r\n'.format(name).encode())
class LogoutRoom(Room):
'''
A simple room for a single user.Its sole purpose is to remove the user's name from the server
'''
def add(self,session):
#When a session (user) enters the LogoutRoom it is deleted
try:
del self.server.users[session.name]
except KeyError:
pass
class ChatSession(async_chat):
'''
A single session,which takes care of the communication with a single user
'''
def __init__(self,server,sock):
# async_chat.__init__(self,sock)
super().__init__(sock)
self.server=server
self.set_terminator(b'\r\n')
self.data=[]
self.name=None
#All sessions begin in a separate LoginRoom
self.enter(LoginRoom(server))
def enter(self,room):
# Remove self from current room and add self to next room....
try:
cur=self.room
except AttributeError:pass
else:
cur.remove(self)
self.room=room
room.add(self)
def collect_incoming_data(self, data):
self.data.append(data.decode('utf-8'))
def found_terminator(self):
line=''.join(self.data)
self.data=[]
try:
self.room.handle(self,line)
except EndSession:
self.handle_close()
def handle_close(self):
async_chat.handle_close(self)
self.enter(LogoutRoom(self.server))
class ChatServer(dispatcher):
'''
A chat server with a single room
'''
def __init__(self,port,name):
super().__init__()
# dispatcher.__init__(self)
self.create_socket(socket.AF_INET,socket.SOCK_STREAM)
self.set_reuse_addr()
self.bind(('',port))
self.listen(5)
self.name=name
self.users={}
self.main_room=ChatRoom(self)
def handle_accept(self):
conn,addr=self.accept()
ChatSession(self,conn)
if __name__=='__main__':
s=ChatServer(PORT,NAME)
try:
asyncore.loop()
except KeyboardInterrupt:
print()
